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Many heroes travel to dark settings from which they must emerge, symbolically conquering death. Sometimes this is a trip to an actual Underworld, or it could be a dark, confining space such as a cave, den, dungeon, or lair. Joseph Campbell called this stage the “innermost cave” to emphasize that this descent can have a psychological or spiritual component — despair, hopelessness, a loss of faith — what he calls “the dark night of the soul.” Oftentimes this is near the end of the hero’s journey.

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Many myths are set in a time before civilization had fully settled all areas of the natural world, so the wilderness and forests can symbolize the unknown world, where the laws of nature rule instead of the laws of mankind. The wilderness is often a place where the hero might have little power or control.

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There is often a wasteland in stories which represents despair or loneliness. The wasteland can be a trial itself that the hero must overcome.

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A hero often faces a setting that represents a puzzling dilemma or great uncertainty represented by a maze or confusing and disorientating space that the hero must solve.

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This place symbolizes the movement between the known and the unknown worlds and is the last place the hero sees before fully committing to the journey. It usually includes a number of strange details that are disorienting to the hero. Platform 9¾ and Diagon Alley in Harry Potter act as threshold settings.

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setting is not only physical, but its also the culture and time period. Settings have an important symbolic meaning to them.

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A Setting archetype is a there is the different types of settings that are often used in stories. These repeat themselves and create common themes among stories. Some examples of this are a dark forest, and maze or puzzle, or a gloomy cave. All of these repeat themselves in different stories and all somehow link back to mythology.