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Muslim Turks conquer the Holy Land and begin to mistreat Christian Pilgrims

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The Pope calls for Christians to go on a crusade to free the holy land from Muslim Turks

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European nobles led the First Crusade army to victory over the Turks in the Holy Land and created Christian kingdoms there.

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Muslim armies retake a Christian Kingdom in the Holy Land.

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The armies of the second Crusade are defeated by Muslims before they can recapture any territory in the Holy Land

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Saladin, a Muslim leader, defeats Christians in the Holy Land and captures Jerusalem.

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King Richard of England leads he third Crusade but is unable to retake Jerusalem

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European crusaders set out on a fourth Crusade, but attack and loot the Christian city of Constantinople instead of going to the Holy Land