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Avoid asking two things at once

Use open-ended questions for interviews to get detailed responses.

Avoid leading questions that push participants toward a biased answer.

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Aubrey Kinuthia, Henry Anderson, Geoff Daniel, Niko Clem

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Mya K, Arianna B, Paulina H

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Braedon Dedcovich, Gabe Yang, Grant Pedersen, James Drake

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It involves collecting firsthand data rather than relying on books, journals, or databases and is often based on the scientific method to ensure results are measurable, observable, and replicable.

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Jacob W, Aidan F, Elijah D

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How do you choose between the two? Surveys should be used for general information. Interviews are detailed, specific information. Each has its place and purpose.

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A researcher should ask one question at a time, and avoid leading questions. You should ask open ended questions

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Each method is best for a specific scenario:

Survey- We use surveys if we want to learn about a general trend in people’s opinions, experiences, and behavior. Surveys are particularly useful to find small amounts of information from a wider selection of people in the hopes of making a general claim.

Interviews - Interviews are best used when you want to learn detailed information from a few specific people.

Interviews are also particularly useful if you want to interview experts about their opinions.

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Surveys: Best for gathering broad general trends from many people.

Interviews: Best for obtaining detailed insights from a few individuals.

Interviews allow for follow-up questions, while surveys provide quantifiable data.

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You should use surveys if you want to learn about a general trend in people’s opin-

ions, experiences, and behavior.

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Primary Research: Research that is collected firsthand rather than found in a book, database, or journal.

Secondary Research: research that is produced through articles and reports found in a library database or in a book.

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Research is not limited to what has

already been written or found at the library.

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Choosing the right person to interview is important. The person should be credible, as well as someone other than people you already know.

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observations, interviews, and surveys all show a first-hand approach in different aspects.

Observations - can achieve what one does throughout their day, studying behaviors and events in a real-life setting

Interviews - asking individuals questions in an open-formatted setting

Surveys – Collecting responses through questionnaires to understand opinions or behaviors.

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When asking a question you typically, want your question to be clear and concise, and avoid being biased in any direction.

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There are various forms of research and what is needed varies depending on the field. This essay focuses on primary research which follows three methods of data collection Observations, Interviews, and surveys

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One question at a time.

No leading question.

When to use a Open and Closed Question.

Question should be clear.

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There are good and bad ways to ask a question. Avoid questions that have multiple questions in them. Don't direct the question to where the participants respond in a way that creates bias. Make sure the questions you ask are concise and clear so that they can create open-ended responses.

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Interviewing and Surveys can help you gather information about other people's behaviors or beliefs. Surveys are mostly used to gather basic information to a large amount of people. Interviews are better suited for finding specific information from a few select people.

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A good question doesn't contain multiple different questions, doesn't prompt the participant to respond in a single way.

You should only use closed questions in surveys, and during an interview let the participant go into detail. Questions should be clear and concise.

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Interviews should be questions asked and letting the person answer open ended. Surveys are more opinionated and can be done in a questionnaire

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Surveys and Interviews in Primary Research

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Surveys and Interviews in Primary Research

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Surveys collect broad data from many people, while interviews provide in-depth insights from a few individuals. Researchers should avoid biased or unclear questions and use proper recording and transcription methods. Interviews can be done in person or online, but a quiet environment is necessary for effective communication.

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Face to face interviews, are useful over a virtual one because more can be said using body language. However, a benefit of virtual interviews is the convenience of being able to be at any location. As well as the ease of recording and playing back the interview.

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The ultimate goal in conducting primary

research is to learn about something new that can be confirmed by

others and to eliminate our own biases in the process.

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The 3 Types of Primary Research:

Interviews- asking participants questions in a one-on-one or small group setting.

Observations- Observing and measuring the world around you, including observations of people and other measurable events.

Surveys- Asking participants about their opinions and behavior through a short questionnaire

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To choose a good candidate you need to know what kind of information you're looking for and someone you're interested in interviewing.

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Face-to-face interviews have the strength that you can ask

follow-up questions and use non-verbal communication to your ad-

vantage. Individuals are able to say much more in a face-to-face interview than in an email,

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The best ways to use interview consists of: choosing the right person, face-to-face or virtual interviews, finding a suitable location, recording interviews, and transcribing your interview.

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Ask about one thing at a time

avoid asking leading questions

Understanding when to ask open or close ended questions

Write questions clearly to avoid confusion.

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Surveys and interviews are key tools in primary research, with surveys capturing trends and interviews offering detailed perspectives. Writing clear, unbiased questions is crucial. Researchers must choose the right interviewee, record responses, and transcribe the data for analysis.

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Three common ways of conducting primary research in first year

writing classes are:

• Observations. Observing and measuring the world around

you, including observations of people and other measurable

events.

• Interviews. Asking participants questions in a one-on-one or

small group setting.

• Surveys. Asking participants about their opinions and behav-

iors through a short questionnaire.