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TSW5 Q1 What works (literary texts, short stories, articles, etc.) have you studied in this course?

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TSW5 Q1 What works (literary texts, short stories, articles, etc.) have you studied in this course?

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Literary Work:

Chronicle of a Death Foretold (novel) by Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Oedipus Rex (play) by Sophocles

Macbeth (play) by William Shakespeare

DAMN. (Rap album) by Kendrick Lamar

Non-Literary Work:

Pan's Labyrinth (movie) by Guillermo del Toro

Advertisements on merchandise selling, tourism, humor, public service announcements and campaigning.

Nobody Speak (music video) by Killer Mike.

News article on juvenile crime and gambling.

Can you hear me (speech) by Greta Thunberg.

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TSW7 Q1 What texts have you studied in relation to intertextuality?

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TSW7 Q1 What texts have you studied in relation to intertextuality?

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Chronicle of a Death Foretold (novel) by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

Oedipus Rex (play) by Sophocles

Macbeth (play) by William Shakespeare

DAMN. (Rap album) by Kendrick Lamar

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"The People VS OJ Simpson" Scene Analysis

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"The People VS OJ Simpson" Scene Analysis

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Prior to this assignment, I took a photo of the scene where OJ Simpson is imprisoned during class when we were watching the third episode of the series The People VS OJ Simpson in class. I used this photo in this assignment where we were instructed to analyze the devices used in a particular shot of the movie. The whole writing process went well, however, as the shot was somehow distorted in the photo because I didn't took it right in front of the TV but my spot instead, I did find analyzing certain devices quite challenging.

TSW2 Q1 - What stylistic or rhetorical devices (e.g. metaphors, alliteration, tone) did you identify in the text?

I identified a variety of techniques that the director of The People VS OJ Simpson applies to convey the plot to the audiences. For example, in the presented shot, I see multiple devices applied to depict OJ's frustration upon facing the accusation. To begin with, the use of a close-up and a low camera angle make OJ's facial expressions stand out, highlighting the significance of his depressed and anxious feelings in this scene to the audience. Second, the composition of the shot furthermore adds on to his feelings of being entrapped. More specifically, his face is positioned between two vertical columns and two horizontal columns of the cell, creating a frame which surrounds his face, forcefully inviting the readers to resonate his sense of entrapment.

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For this presentation, me and two other classmates analyzed nine advertisements (ads) assigned by our teacher that can be divided into three categories including famous campaigns, humor and public service announcements (PSAs). I was responsible for humor. Because I am a great fan of psychology, I incorporated multiple psychological elements inside my analysis.

TSW3 Q2 - How might your personal values shape the way you understand or interpret the text?

My knowledge in psychology shaped the way I understood and interpreted the ads. To begin with, my knowledge on the dual process model drives me to identify the purpose of Chick Fil A writing "EAT MOR CHIKIN" as to trigger system 2 thinking in the readers which may engages them to remember the slogan better. As "EAT MOR CHIKIN" violates traditional spelling, the audiences need more effort to read it. Therefore, I implied that system 2 triggering may be a result. Second, my understanding on illusory correlation and stereotyping influences me to recognize Playtex's purpose of pasting tatoos on a baby in its ad as to let the readers to link their products with strong people since strong is a stereotype which exists among people who have tatoos.

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"Readers, Writers and Text" Introductory Assignment

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"Readers, Writers and Text" Introductory Assignment

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I collaborated with two of my classmates to complete this padlet. In this assignment, we were instructed to answer some questions regarding "Readers, Writers and Text" by using two visual texts and two verbal texts assigned to us.

TSW1 Q3 - What choices did the author make in their writing that affect how you interpret the text?

While reading through the texts assigned, I was able to identify multiple subtle devices applied by the authors. To begin with, while reading verbal text 2 where a person is attempting to avoid conviction through justifying his actions, I realized that he is using neutral words like "obtain" to replace negative words such as "steal". The difference in qualities of the words allow me to realize the person's unwillingness to be prosecuted and his arrogance in believing that his intelligence is strong enough to manipulate the judge's decision making. Second, while analyzing visual text 2 in which some cupcakes, arranged in an aesthetic manner, is taken a photo from their top, I identified the this text as an advertisement illustration used to attract consumers, the target audiences, to buy the products offered by the cupcake shop. In cupcakes, the ornaments are added on the top, so applying an overhead shot can maximize the display of the decorated top of the cupcakes thus the beauty of the illustration itself and hiding their base that is not decorated. In this case, the illustration can effectively attract the target audiences.

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This poster is a collaborative group project made by me and all of my classmates. Before starting this project, we explored Lady Macbeth's manipulative character and Macbeth's obedience towards her. Therefore, a classmate came up with the idea of illustrating Macbeth as a puppet controlled by Lady Macbeth. I was responsible for making the collage depicting Macbeth at the lower section of the poster. Particularly in the middle of the poster, I pasted a red knife on Macbeth's hand stabbing his own heart, highlighting the role of his violence in his tragic downfall.

TSW7 Q2 - In what ways do different interpretations of the same text emerge, and why?

Although in this project we primarily describe Macbeth as completely inferior to Lady Macbeth, who actually owns the utter superiority is still debatable, depending on how we interpret their interactions. The first interpretation that can be taken from Lady Macbeth's influence on Macbeth is her desire to gain masculine power and manipulate her husband. In the text, while Macbeth is indecisive towards their plan on assassinating Duncan, Lady Macbeth is keep persuading him to act and blaming his lack of masculinity. This supports Lady Macbeth as the superior character. The second interpretation that can be made from their interactions is Lady Macbeth's will to help her husband to assume the ruling position. Although in this scene she is potrayed manipulatively, she is abandoned by Macbeth afterwards. This shows her role as Macbeth's appendage and underlines Macbeth's superiority.

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For this poster, I analyzed DNA, a song sung by Kendrick Lamar. I identified its speaker and audience, analyzed several words which shape its diction and mentioned one similarity and one difference related to culture between it and Chronicle of a Death Foretold. I applied a design that resembles the song playing interface of music apps.

TSW6 Q1 - How does the language used in different types of texts (e.g. narrative, argumentative, informational) differ?

The impact of culture on individuals is explored in both DNA and Chronicle of a Death Foretold (CoDF), however, language use varies between them. To begin with, in DNA, the language is more emotional, whereas in CoDF, the language presents relatively lacks emotional qualities. This shows that although both texts emphasize the extensive and long-lasting effect of culture on people, Lamar illustrates it using his own feelings towards his black heritage, while Marquez depicts it more through characters' actions such as honor killing. Second, while the language is more subjective in DNA, it is presented more objectively in CoDF. This implies a difference in the author's purpose. On the one hand, Lamar wishes to invite the readers to resonate with his personal feelings who experiences intense cultural influence. On the other hand, Marquez aims to motivate the readers to reflect on the undesired consequences of Machismo and Marianismo themselves without his influence.

TSW4 Q1 - What is your evaluation of the text? What stands out to you particularly effective or thought-provoking?

According to the introduction of the song on Genius, Lamar uses this song to celebrate, critique and explore his black heritage. From my perspective, the purpose is successfully and effectively achieved by Lamar. A device I identified as particularly effective and thought-provoking is diction. Firstly, the abbreviation "DNA" occurs repeatedly throughout the song, such as in the line "Loyalty, get royalty inside my DNA." The frequent appearance of "DNA" acts as a reminder to keep letting me to connect the traits he mentioned referencing to he, himself as well as the black population with heredity, effectively engaging me to sense the inevitability of those characteristics. Second, apart from "DNA", other jargon related to genetics are also used, like "pedigree". It appears in the line "See my pedigree most definitely don't tolerate the front." Pedigree is a graph used by biologists to demonstrate the pattern of heredity of a certain, and usually negative trait. The linkage of pedigree with the traits he portrays highlights a critical tone, powerfully engaging me to feel his discontent towards the negative stereotypes imposed on the black community.

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For this task, I wrote a paper 1 practice on 2 screenshots from the movie Pan's Labyrinth. This is not a real paper 1 as I had already watched the movie beforehand, but the teacher wants me to analyze the visual elements in these screenshots.

TSW7 Q1 What aspects of the texts you've analyzed do you find most effective or challenging in terms of understanding and interpretation?

While watching Pan's Labyrinth, I found an aspect of the text that I found pretty interesting and effective, which is del Toro's use of symbolism. First, I explored the meaning concealed behind the needle that Captain Vidal uses to sew his wound cut by Mercedes. I noticed that the needle is in a bent shape, which means that the needle is possibly for surgical use, and it symbolizes "heal". Ironically, Vidal is consistently exerting violence on others throughout the movie. Therefore, his action of sewing himself using a surgical needle might be a forceful representation of his narcissistic personality. The second symbolism that I found effective is wine. When Captain Vidal firstly drinks the wine, it irritates his wound, which makes him feel painful. However, despite this, Vidal still drinks the wine second time and feels the anguish again. While watching this scene, I thought that he is strange. But then, I connected this with his personality -- he is addicted to wine, which means that he is possibly not responsible of the consequences after he becomes drunk (like, when people becomes drunk, they often do things that they don't know). Therefore, this wine may also be a symbolism of his narcissistic personality. In conclusion, del Toro's use of symbolism in the movie is one of its aspects that I found most effective and interesting.

TSW8 Q1 What focused, analytical argument can you construct around a specific text or work from a broad literary or linguistic perspective?

The focused and analytical argument that I constructed from a broad literary or linguistic perspective while analyzing Pan's Labyrinth is Captain Vidal's narcissistic personality, as mentioned in the above section. I came up initially with this argument after analyzing Captain Vidal's attitude towards others throughout the movie. For instance, in the scene where he is having dinner with his people, he interrupts his wife Carmen who is describing how he and she meet dis respectfully when he thinks the things she is talking about doesn't fit with his favor. From this, I may argue that Captain Vidal values his own benefit absolutely over Carmen even when she is not doing things that will put him into risk. Moreover, I also constructed this value from exploring the broad historical context in which the story set. Captain Vidal represents the Francoist government in the movie. After the Spanish Civil War, the Francoist government took control of the country, carrying out authoritarian ruling. More specifically, the government oppressed the Spanish civilians and controlled media outlets. This also reflects Captain Vidal's habit of suppressing the inferiors and maintaining his absolute power in his place throughout the movie. To sum up, upon exploring the movie's historical setting and Captain Vidal's actions, I developed an argument that Captain Vidal is narcissistic and is indifferent towards the inferiors.

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"Chronicle of a Death Foretold" Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 Notes

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"Chronicle of a Death Foretold" Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 Notes

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For this task, we did close reading on chapter 1 and 2 of Chronicle of a Death Foretold and wrote a note on the chapters.

TSW4 Q2 What elements of the text (e.g. themes, characterization, setting) provides this insight (into another culture)?

I found Marquez incorporating many elements in Chronicle of a Death Foretold which provides insights into the Latin-American culture. To begin with, the most important cultural element here is Machismo and Marianismo. These two elements are depicted through characterization. For example, Angela, a female, is expected by her family members to be a virgin before she is married. When she is found being raped, she is shamed and treated violently. From analyzing the major and minor characters in the novel, I gained a better understanding of Machismo and Marianismo. Apart from the extreme masculinity and femininity, Marquez also depicted another cultural value rooted in the Latin-American culture, which is individuals' thought that honor and shame is superior to conscience and morality. To restore family honor, the Vicario brothers killed a person motivated merely by one piece of evidence which even doesn't seem to be utterly true. I also found the brothers' actions a good representation of the Latin-American cultural value that prioritizes honor over everything. In conclusion, reading Chronicle of a Death Foretold did provides me with insights into the Latin-American culture.

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Chronicle of a Death Foretold notes_文件转PDF_0000

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For this task, I grouped up with three of my classmates to do an introduction to Oedipus Rex. We explored the historical context of the play, the major characters, the themes, and the influence of the text to modern work.

TSW3 Q2 Can you identify any texts where understanding of the cultural or historical context significantly changed your interpretation?

A text where my understanding of the cultural or historical context significantly changed my interpretation is Oedipus Rex. Before delving into the historical context of the play, I thought the purpose of Sophocles writing the text is just addressing the power of oracles to people. However, after gaining a better understanding of the cultural background of the text which is the Golden Age of Ancient Greece where people start to challenge the system of the gods, I realized that the aim of the play as not only to depict the absolute nature of oracles but also to warn people to respect the gods and goddesses and abide by the regulations set by them. For example, at the start of the play, Oedipus insults Teiresias, a blind prophet representing the gods. At first, I just think that the fate is so unacceptable that he cannot accept it. But after I knew more of the historical context, I found that he is not only stubborn, but also not respecting the gods as in a section prior to this insult is him depicting his power as superior to the gods and is able to override the oracles offered by Apollo. Therefore, his tragic downfall can be seen as a consequence of not respecting the gods. In conclusion, gaining a better understanding of the historical context of Oedipus Rex has significantly changed my interpretation on the purpose of Sophocles writing this play.

TSW6 Q1 How do different texts explore similar global issues across different time periods or cultures?

Although Oedipus Rex and Macbeth are composed in different time periods under different cultural backgrounds, I found them exploring similar global issues. One of the global issue shared by the two texts I noticed is people's internal pain emanated from guilt and shame. Firstly, the protagonists of the two texts both struggles between morality and the crime they have committed or is planning to commit. While Oedipus self-destructed upon finding himself screwing up his own moral standards through incest, Macbeth is overwhelmed with his action of killing Duncan and Banquo which rises from his desire of assuming and securing his position as a king. Second, in both plays, the protagonist's wife died at the end. While Jocasta is known to commit suicide upon facing the devastating reality, Lady Macbeth is suspect to have also committed suicide due to the guilt developed from her plan of killing Duncan. To sum up, while reading Macbeth and Oedipus Rex, I identified the anguish individuals suffer from the conflict between morality and guilt as a global issue shared by both texts.

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"Chronicle of a Death Foretold" Above Mastery Assignment

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"Chronicle of a Death Foretold" Above Mastery Assignment

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In this assignment, I answered the prompt "How are gender dynamics and roles depicted in the novel and how are the ideas of masculinity and femininity influence the characters?” using Chronicle of a Death Foretold. This essay is marked based on paper 2 criteria but it's not a comparative analysis because we haven't delve into a second literary text yet at that time.

TSW2 Q3 How have you demonstrated an understanding of cultural context in your portfolio work?

The cultural context in Chronicle of a Death Foretold I explored in this assignment is Machismo and Marianismo, which refers to the extreme and idealized masculism and feminism respectively that men and women in the Latin American culture should follow. To demonstrate my understanding of Machismo and Marianismo, I analyzed the important characters' description given in the novel and the actions they carried out. To begin with, while reading the section where Marquez describes family members of the Vicario family, I found many traits of male and female members aligning with Machismo and Marianismo. For example, the woman of the house Purisima del Carmen shows Familismo, one of the five pillars of Marianismo by discarding her job at school by the time she became married. Although Familismo is not directly mentioned in the novel, I connected this pillar with Carmen's description upon my knowledge of Marianismo. Second, I am also able to demonstrate my understanding of Machismo by analyzing the force that drives Pedro and Pablo Vicario to assassinate Santiago Nasar. A key responsibility of male family members, according to the rules of Machismo, is to maintain family honor. Therefore, I could infer that the reason why the Vicario brothers kill Santiago Nasar as not only to restore family honor, but more to abide Machismo. In conclusion, I exhibited my understanding of Machismo and Marianismo through anaylzing the characters' traits and behaviors.

TSW5 Q1 In what ways do the texts you've studied reflect or represent specific cultural practices or traditions?

A key characteristic of magical realism is to reflect social issues, and I identified many of them in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. First, the most explicit issues explored in the novel are perhaps problems related to sex, as I see the concepts of Machismo and Marianismo directing the major characters' behavior throughout the story. For instance, to abide Machismo, the Vicario brothers killed Santiago Nasar without robust evidence proving him as a raper. This shows how Latin American people's experience is determined by extreme gender roles. Second, another issue I noticed is socioeconomic status. In the novel, Angela Vicario is unwillingly married to Bayardo San Roman, who is wealthy and prestigious. This shows how important social class is to the people in the town where the story set and how normal it is for females to involuntarily marry those with higher social classes. The last issue I recognized is stereotyping. There is a saying which goes like there might be a chance for Santiago Nasar not to be a raper, but Angela Vicario blames him because he is not indigenous to the town so people won't question when being informed that he commits a crime. This is also a issue I think is being addressed by Marquez in the novel. In conclusion, in various ways, Chronicle of a Death Foretold reflects the issues present in the Latin American culture.

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"Chronicle of a Death Foretold" Magical Realism Simulation Writing

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"Chronicle of a Death Foretold" Magical Realism Simulation Writing

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For this assignment, I was instructed to write a short story using magical realism, a Latin-American narrative strategy that is characterized by the matter-of-fact inclusion of fantastic or mythical elements into seemingly realistic fiction (definition from Britannica). Other important characteristics of magical realism are non-linear narration and social issues addressing. The story I wrote was basically about a girl whose only friend dies from a car accident.

TSW1 Q3 How have you demonstrated the use of these strategies (strategies used to approach texts from different time periods or cultures) in your portfolio work?

Chronicle of a Death Foretold is the first magical realistic novel I read. Therefore, I developed certain strategies to approach this text. For example, while reading the novel, I spent times exploring its cultural context and its magical elements such as predisposed fate. In this assignment, I applied the methods I came up with to write a short story simulating the form of magical realism in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Firstly, at the start of the short story, I directly gave the resolution where the victim passed away due to a car accident. This scaffolds the structure of a non-linear narration. Second, I spent time searching online for people's stories, and I found many of them speaking of their only loved one or friend who died because of accidents, so I decided to base my story on this issue of loosing support and grief. Lastly, I incorporated many magical elements I came up with or found interesting in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. For instance, before Santiago Nasar was assassinated, his mother dreams unusually, and at the start of my story, I also mentioned the victim's parents' nightmares. From exploring the supernatural elements in the novel, I was able to distinguish between real magic and the elements that are supernatural but not considered as magic used in magical realism. In conclusion, I demonstrated the strategies I acquired in approaching Chronicle of a Death Foretold by writing this simulation writing task.

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TSW8 Q1 In what ways do the texts you've studied follow or break conventions of their literary forms of text types?

From my perspective, while Oedipus Rex both abides and disobey its conventional literary forms in some ways, Chronicle of a Death Foretold is highly innovative and mostly challenges its typical literary form.

Oedipus Rex follows the traditional literary forms that characterize "play," but Sophocles applies certain innovative characterization narration approaches. To begin with, the flow of the plot follows the conventional sequence from the exposition, where the characters introduce the harsh situation enveloping the city of Thebes to the resolution, where Oedipus calls for having himself exiled. Second, the plot progresses almost entirely through characters' lines instead of mostly pure narration, which shows that Oedipus Rex follows the traditional form of story telling in plays. Nevertheless, Sophocles also incorporates novel elements. For example, at last, the plot where Jocasta committed suicide and Oedipus self-harmed is not shown through their own lines and actions. Instead, the whole process is described by the second messenger. I found this quite interesting. This breaks the tradition of plays that the climax is shown through those directly involved. Moreover, there is no absolute good or evil present in the characters of the play, suggesting Oedipus Rex breaking the conventional manner of characterization.

On the other hand, I found Chronicle of a Death Foretold defies its standard literary form to a high extent. Firstly, the story is open-ended. As a reader, I don't know whether Angela Vicario is really sexually assaulted by Santiago Nasar or not. This shows that the resolution of the study breaks the convention of clear and defined endings. Second, the story is narrated in a non-linear but more circular way. Especially while reading the start, I was pretty surprised that the victim and the culprits of the crime explored in the novel are given directly, showing Chronicle of a Death Foretold disobeying the traditional form of narration of crime stories. Lastly, Marquez imposes magical realism elements in the novel. More specifically, he narrates supernatural events in a daily way without direct mentioning of magic. This shows that Chronicle of a Death Foretold defies the ordinary literary form of either entirely real or magical.

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This assignment is a paper 2 practice where I compared and contrasted Oedipus Rex and the song PRIDE. in the album DAMN. The prompt is "Consider how justice is defined in two works you have studied."

TSW2 Q1 What common themes, motifs, or ideas do you find across the texts you've studied?

I noticed that the theme "justice" is explored in both Oedipus Rex and PRIDE, and additionally, in both works, two types of justice, which includes ideal justice and real justice, are depicted. In terms of Oedipus Rex, to begin with, the ideal justice is constructed through Oedipus's call for having himself exiled and self-destruction, showing a fair ending of Laius's death. The reason why this is called an "ideal justice" is that Oedipus's act of volunteering to be punished for a crime is rare in reality. Second, the real justice is shown through Creon's attempts to convince Oedipus from stop convicting Creon for conspiring against Oedipus. Due to the effectiveness of Creon's persuasive strategies, he is not punished severely and directly by Oedipus, showing a chance of achieving justice by influencing others. The reason why this is called a "real justice" is that nonsense convictions commonly occur in real life. In the case of PRIDE., first, ideal justice is exhibited through Lamar's depiction on a "perfect world" where he could escape from the injustice presented by society. Since this perfect world is constructed by Lamar in a fictional manner, then the traits it possess are considered as "ideal justice." Next, ideal justice is shown through Lamar's description on how he changes personally in his attitudes and so on in response to social injustice. This shows that in reality, an alternative form of "justice" can be achieved through resignation. In conclusion, while writing this paper 2 assignment, I found "ideal justice" and "real justice" as recurring motifs in Oedipus Rex and PRIDE.

TSW4 Q1 How do the texts you've studied present different viewpoints on the same theme or issue?

Although both texts depict ideal and real justice, I found the perspective from which they present each concept is different. To begin with, while Oedipus Rex portrays ideal justice in a realistic way through Oedipus's characterization, PRIDE. exhibits that in a fictional way through Lamar's construction of a fictional and ideal world. Second, while in Oedipus Rex, real justice is achieved by Creon through changing Oedipus's thought, in PRIDE., Lamar somehow achieved real justice through changing himself and resigning to the social injustice. Despite that this is not considered as a solid "justice," but further distress is prevented from his actions of altering his mindset. In conclusion, Oedipus Rex and PRIDE. showcases the same theme "justice" from largely different viewpoints.

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This task was a paper 2 practice for which I selected Macbeth and Oedipus Rex to analyze. The prompt was "Compare the part played by major characters with the part played by minor characters in two novels by different authors, saying why you think each writer has adopted the arrangement in that particular work."

TSW1 Q3 How have you demonstrated the impact of intertextuality on your understanding of the text?

Prior to writing this essay, I held almost no awareness on the authors' intention in dividing characters into major and minor ones. Upon doing comparative analysis of the two texts in this paper 2 assignment, I realized that the way by which the authors allocate roles to the major and minor characters significantly influences how they depict the theme "fate and free will." Although both Macbeth and Oedipus Rex demonstrates known predisposed fate as a result of the protagonists' free will, but the initial intention of the free will is different. On the one hand, while reading Oedipus Rex, I realized that the purpose of the protagonists' free will is to escape from fate. In the play, the major roles of the major characters translate as the actions of escaping fate. However, their efforts are interfered with decisions made by minor characters. From this subtle allocation, Sophocles highlights the unwavering nature of fate, simultaneously warning the audiences that efforts to override fate is literary useless. On the other hand, while reading Macbeth, I noticed that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's free will intends to achieve the fate. Although minor characters such as the three sisters act as a trigger for Macbeth to exert effort to assume the king's place, but the act of killing the king is executed by Macbeth himself. By emphasizing "activeness" in the elaboration of fate, Shakespeare underlines that acting immorally to achieve one's purposes is unacceptable and inhumane, weighing free will over fate. In conclusion, by comparing how the authors divide roles to the major and minor characters, my understanding on the theme "fate and free will" and the message that the authors aim to convey was greatly strengthened.

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In this task, we worked in groups of three to explore and present themes in Macbeth. We had around 10 themes so each of us analyzed 3-4 themes. The themes I selected were:

1. Appearance v. Reality (Equivocation)

2. Guilt and Responsibility

3. Power and Ambition

TSW6 Q3 How have both types (formal and informal) of responses contributed to your overall analysis of the text?

My formal responses to Macbeth translates as the paper two assignments. While writing Macbeth paper twos, I did more specific analysis on the techniques that Shakespeare use in writing the play. Before the paper two assignments, I did broader exploration on the themes of the play in the form of padlet presentation, which is an informal response. My comprehensive analysis of Macbeth is achieved through zooming out the text using padlet presentation and zooming out the play using paper two. The main difference between the paper twos and the padlet presentation is that as I didn't need to compare Macbeth with another text in a fixed structure in the latter, I can explore the themes more extensively. For example, while exploring the theme "guilt and responsibility", I broke down the process from Macbeth just came up with the thought of assassinating Duncan to when Macbeth committed to commit the crime. This allows me to gain a more comprehensive view on the theme and lays a foundation for me to write a paper two assignment as I base my close textual analysis of paper two on my explorations in the presentation. To conclude, both of my formal and informal responses contributed to my overall analysis of Macbeth.

TSW3 Q3 How have you examined the concept of a "classic text" in your portfolio, using examples from your studies?

According to the website "Answers", a classic text is typically a work of literature that has stood the test of time due to its enduring value, influence, and relevance to different generations. From my perspective, Macbeth fits into this definition as while analyzing the play, I was able to connect its content with a variety of concepts I have encountered in the contemporary world. To begin with, I was pretty excited while exploring the theme/technique "equivocation" of the play because it is also a key theme in my favorite Japanese animation. Therefore, in the presentation, I put an image of the antagonist of the anime who, in the plot, uses equivocation to fool the protagonists. This shows that Macbeth conveys the negative nature of equivocation which is till relevant in today's contexts, defining it as a classical text. Second, while exploring the theme "guilt and responsibility", I realized Macbeth's situation where he is struggling with intrusive thoughts. The concept of "intrusive thoughts" is initially introduced formally in the late 20th century, but the year when Macbeth was written was way earlier than that (1606). This characterizes Macbeth as a classic text as it depicts psychological phenomenon that persists over time. In conclusion, the above examples from Macbeth clearly depicts what is called a "classic text."

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This is the script I used for our first IO practice. The task is called a "mini IO" because considering that we were new to the IO, our teacher instructed us to deliver an IO speech that is half the length of a normal one (5 minutes). The literary text is Chronicle of a Death Foretold, and for the non-literary text the teacher asked us to select a news article online as we hadn't covered any non-literary works in class yet when the task was assigned.

The global issue (GI) I picked was "To was extent do cultural and educational issues account for juvenile crimes, in which children and teens commit illegal actions justified by their perception to correctness?“ It is from the field of inquiry beliefs, values and education.

TSW5 Q2 How does the content of each text influence its portrayal of the global issue?

The works I selected for this mini IO were largely different in their contents. In CoDF, Marquez narrates a story which was adapted from a real event occurred around him whereas in the news article, the author objectively reported the harsh situation the states were in upon facing juvenile crimes. While linking the texts to the GI, I found their contents having a strong association with their depiction on the GI. On the one hand, in CoDF, as it is a narration conducted in the form of magical realism, the portrayal of the GI is more implicit and concealed in its context. The depiction of the GI is shown through the Vicario brothers' actions on the surface, but more it is portrayed through the impact of Machismo and Marianismo , the extreme masculism and feminism in the Latin American Culture. Before the brothers kill Santiago Nasar, they are wandering round the town, publicizing their assassination plan. I realized that they are not afraid of being convicted and display assertiveness in their decision of committing the homicide. I was pretty confused when I noticed their eccentric behaviors as from my knowledge people usually kill others secretly. Therefore, I assume that there must be other justifications to the brothers' motivation. Then, we delve deep into the concepts of Machismo and Marianismo, family honor and honor killing. In CoDF, Angela Vicario claims that she is raped by Nasar, making her being suspected of violating Marianismo and simultaneously eliminating the honor of the Vicario family. Therefore, to restore the faded honor, the brothers killed Nasar. This shows that the culprit which motivates the brothers to commit the homicide is the conventional ideas implemented on them by their family education and culture. Therefore, although the brothers were adults, the content of the novel can support the significant role of educational and cultural issue on juvenile crimes. On the other hand, in the news article, I found the portrayal of the GI is more explicit. The author cited a quote from a juvenile court judge called Marcia Morey where she basically says that convicting children under the age of nine can be highly detrimental to their psyche and the sense of self. Despite that this sentence doesn't directly show the significance of education and culture on juvenile crimes, but they are represented by the phrase "sense of self" as in children, "sense of self" is formed primarily through primary education from parents, which also to a certain extent reflects the parents' culture. By directly including this line from the judge in the contents of the article, the author applies ethos to show the link between educational and cultural issues with juvenile crimes.