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1. Customer safety

2. Employee behavior (avoid false claims or conflicts).

3. Ensure food quality

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Negligence (Sarah’s fall): Ensure steps are salted or cleared of ice.

Trespass (Jack’s actions): Restrict unauthorized access and enforce legal agreements.

False imprisonment (Sarah locking the door): Train staff on handling conflicts without violating laws.

Defamation (former employee): Enforce policies against false claims and pursue legal action if needed.

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Negligence (Sarah's Fall): Avoid: Tom could avoid this by making sure that the bakery steps are always salted or cleared.

Trespass: (Jack throwing creates and damaging signs): Transfer: Tom could use legal agreements or transfer to insurance to cover any damage to his property.

False Imprisonment: (Sarah Blocking the door): Tom could absorb the situation, by putting his employees in certain scenarios so they are trained for what events like that happen.

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Product liability- use of high quality ingredients, conduct regular inspections

Intentional torts- train staff on appropriate customer service

Negligence- ensure proper food handling

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Lakhwinder singh  sukhpreet singh sukhvir singh Gurminder singh Jaspreet kaur

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Lakhwinder singh  sukhpreet singh sukhvir singh Gurminder singh Jaspreet kaur

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Negligence (Sarah’s Slip and Fall)

• Act: Tom failed to salt the icy steps, causing Sarah to slip and injure her ankle.

2. Trespass to Land (Jack Entering Prairie Delights Without Permission)

• Act: Jack entered through the back entrance without consent.

3. Property Damage (Jack Destroying the Vintage Sign)

• Act: Jack threw the crates inside, damaging Tom’s vintage sign.

4. Defamation (False Accusations by Former Employee)

• Act: The ex-employee falsely claimed Tom used expired ingredients in front of customers.

5. False Imprisonment (Sarah Locking the Door and Trapping People Inside)

• Act: Sarah blocked the exit, preventing customers from leaving.

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1 Customer Safety (Slips & Falls): Prevent injuries by maintaining a safe environment.

2. Property Protection (Trespassing & Damage): Secure the bakery and prevent unauthorized entry.

3. Reputation Management (Defamation): Address false claims quickly to protect the business.

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Negligence: Tom could avoid the risk by ensuring the bakery remains closed during the winter months or by placing a warning sign indicating that the steps are slippery due to ice. This could help prevent accidents caused by snow and ice buildup.

Trespass: Reduce It: To reduce the chance of trespass and property damage, Tom could keep the alley and the bakery premises organized, ensuring that no part of his property intrudes into Jack's side of the alley. Regularly communicating with Jack to ensure both parties are clear on where deliveries should be placed and how shared spaces should be used could minimize tensions.

Conversion: Transfer It:

Tom could transfer the financial risk of conversion by having property insurance that covers damage to or loss of items like the vintage sign. In case of an incident like this, the insurance could cover the cost of repairs or replacement of damaged property.

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customer safety- prevent food from poisoning allergic reactions maintain food safety

Work place safety- safety protocols to prevents burns and cuts.

Contractual risks - work with supplier and strong contracts

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Negligence [ by assessing and prioritizing the legal risk based on likelihood and magnitude. Ensuring safety within the work environment is prioritized].

Defamation [ Identify legal risk by following procedures and ensuring product standard ]

Nuisance [ The likelihood of this is high and can be managed by clearly defining the store's space, putting up signs to identify workspace, and training employees to work within the space provided].

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Not storing delivery crates in the shared alley to avoid disputes with neighbors.

• Not allowing unauthorized people into restricted areas to prevent damage.

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Prevent risks entirely by not offering items or services that pose high liability risks, such as uncooked or raw items.

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• Liability insurance to cover customer injuries (like Sarah’s fall).

• Business insurance to protect against property damage (like the broken sign).

• Legal support for handling defamation claims from former employees.

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Use safety measures like signs or proper training and proper guidelines.

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Sandeep, Harpreet

Negligence: Salt steps, place caution signs.

Trespass: Secure entrance, use legal agreements.

Property Damage: Report incidents, install cameras.

Defamation: Gather evidence, issue a public statement.

False Imprisonment: Train staff, involve authorities.

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Negligence [ insurance]

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Avoid offering items- contains major allergens like peanuts

avoid business activities that are not insured or legally complaint.

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The risks could be reduced with surveillance system.

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Accept minor risks that don’t have high costs.

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Salting icy steps and using warning signs to lower the risk of falls.

Training staff on food safety and handling complaints professionally.

Installing security cameras to deter trespassing and vandalism.

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[ safety within the workplace]

[Product quality]

Compliance risk

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Customer safety.

Employee behavior.

Reputation.

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use contracts with supplier to hold them accountable for defective ingredients

require waivers for activities with potential risks.

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In the nuisance situation by working within the parameters of your work space

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Not storing crates in shared spaces.

Preventing hazardous conditions (icy steps).

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Installing cameras for security.

Training staff in safety & conflict resolution

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Transfer: the risk to another party, typically through insurance or outsourcing, so that the financial burden falls on a third party if a tort occurs.

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Negligence by ensuring safety within the work place

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Getting liability insurance for injuries/claims.

Managing minor reputation risks internally.

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Negligence (food safety, customer safety)

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Negligence (food safety, customer safety)

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Product Liability (defective or unsafe products, e.g. ingredient)

Defamation

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To avoid customer injury from slipping, you could ensure the premises are well-maintained (clear snow/ice in winter, use non-slip mats, etc.) and regularly inspect the safety of the store.

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Defamation [ be prepared for anything because mistakes happen and there might be an error in production]

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The TRANSFER strategy is used in situations where the risk is shared or transferred to a third party, such as:

1. Insurance: Buying insurance to cover potential losses.

2. Outsourcing: Assigning a risky task to a contractor or external party.

3. Partnerships: Sharing responsibilities and risks with partners.

4. Warranties/Guarantees: Transferring product risks to manufacturers.

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For smaller, less critical contracts, you might absorb minor breaches (e.g., a missed deadline or misunderstanding) if the financial consequences are minimal and don't significantly affect your business operations.

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For smaller, less critical contracts, you might absorb minor breaches (e.g., a missed deadline or misunderstanding) if the financial consequences are minimal and don't significantly affect your business operations.

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In this strategy, businesses get insurance or shift liability to third parties.

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Negligence: (Avoid): By removing the unsalted patch of ice by installing non slip mats to prevent slips.

Defamation: Reduce : There should be a public apology to minimize reputation damage.

Unlawful Confinement: Transfer: Sarah may not have put everyone at risk.

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Customer Safety: Avoid hazards, or dangerous conditions like wet floors etc. By making sure it is cleaned up before customers arrive.

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Use a third-party mediator or arbitrator to resolve contract disputes, or contractual indemnity clauses can transfer responsibility to a vendor or client if they breach certain terms.

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Insurance

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1. Slip and Fall (Negligence)- The bakery has to keep its premises safe for customers. it can be avoid by closing bakery during icy condition.

2. Property damage (trespassing)- jack intentionally act of throwing the crates resulted in damage to bakery sign. it can be avoid by having clear communication with neighbours potentially build a barrier to separate properties.

3. False Accusiation (Defamaton)- the former employee made a false statement that could harm the bakery reputation. to avoid this maintain good employee relations to reduce chance of disgruntled former employees.

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If you are experiencing theft in your business, you could REDUCE by installing security cameras or employing staff who will monitor the store.

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Negligence (Sarah's Slip & Fall): Regularly salt to the steps, put up caution signs, and ensure safe entryways.

Trespass to Land (Jack Entering Uninvited): Secure the back entrance and establish clear boundaries with neighbors.

Property Damage (Jack Destroying the sign): Store valuable securely and consider legal action against Jack.

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Product quality, compliance, safety.

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Like in the case study. If someone is trespassing and damages your business, you could transfer the damages to an insurance company.

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1. Liability Insurance – Covers customer injuries (e.g., Sarah’s fall).

2. Property Insurance – Covers damage (e.g., Jack breaking the sign).

3. Workers’ Compensation – Covers employee injuries.

4. Legal Support – Helps with defamation claims from former employees.

5. Security Services – Reduces risks of trespassing and theft.