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It gave them an easy way to unite most of their country and keep them together.

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Q1:secrecy, denial, disinformation.

Q2:All the refugees in Palestine being forced into extremely horrible camps.

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it gave the people a set of ideals that the countries leaders could control and manipulate

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By emphasizing loyalty to your nation above all else fascist leaders could convince people to serve them.

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This trait connects to many of the others, including the suppression of intellectuals (so people don’t expose corruption) and the control of media (to stop the public from understanding the reach of corruption).

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group 7- Rigzin, Charlotte, Quill, Lanell

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group 7- Rigzin, Charlotte, Quill, Lanell

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Powerful expressions of nationalism helped fascist leaders maintain control of the country because the citizens felt united over their nationality and kept their loyalty under the leader.

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A fascist regime would not want national security questioned because it provides a convenient excuse for lots of oppressive actions, from surveillance to violent repression.

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This trait ties into many of the other characteristics, particularly the control of societal roles, suppression of dissent, and promotion of a rigid patriarchy (only male leaders).

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If a nation has a strong military then they will be able to both defend themselves and intimidate others. If a nation feels like they can control other countries they will feel even more pride in their country.

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An example of a scapegoat during WWII were the Jewish people in Germany. The nazi party made the Jews a scapegoat for the economic issues they were facing at the time. They said that the jewish people were working for "jewish interests" rather than for Germany and that they were making the banks and economy fail. This lead to many Germans hating the Jews and therefore leading to the events of the holocaust.

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It helped unite the country and let them have a sense of pride and trust.

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Nationalism helped create a sense of loyslty for one nation, which helped people maintain power and unite the people

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Q1: Propaganda, pride, desperate times, false promises.

Q2: Russia's attacks on Ukraine, violating national law.

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An example of a scapegoat is Jewish people during WWII, when Germany blamed Jews for all of the problems in Germany.

They felt powerful because that meant they were in control and they felt good about themselves because it let the Germans think the problems weren't their faults.

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1. They used propaganda, marginalizing people and discriminated against people.

2. stuff happening in Afghanistan

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Question 1: They used scapegoats to blame a lot of political/economic struggles, and convinced the general population that they deserved the mistreatment.

Question 2: A modern day example of human rights violations is how Russia has invaded Ukraine in violation international law.

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1) Propoganda, Marginalizing, Demonizing, Secrecy, Denile, Disinformation

2) Anti-Abortion rights

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Controlled media kept the public unaware of what the ruling party was actually doing

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Artists and Teachers are harder to suppress as Artists are more creative and desire freedom for their creativity. Teachers have too much knowledge and are far harder to indoctriniate with new teachings

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They probably felt excluded and marginalized. An example of a scapegoat could be the Jews in WW2 Germany. The Nazis made the Jews into the public enemy and weren't on the Nazi side. This scapegoating united the Germans and shifted blame from them to the Jews making them probably even more nationalist.

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Group 7 - Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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Group 7 - Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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Fear of criminals would be promoted amongst the population for multiple reasons. Firstly, the need for more police and restriction regarding people and communities is something that these governments need- an enforced and restrictive society to maintain authority. But also, to minimize the number of people who are committing crimes- when thoughts of fear regarding criminals and crime are instilled into a group of people, they are less likely to commit these crimes initially, to avoid the harsh draconian justice systems these facist governments have set up.

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LULIANG, China - The meteoric rise of aluminum executive Zhang Zhixiong transformed his rural Chinese hamlet into a lucrative mining community. But his fall from grace was even more dramatic.

In March 2018, he and 10 others were sentenced to harsh prison terms for supposedly forming a criminal organization and illegal mining, among other crimes. Zhang, chairman of Juxin Mining Co., was accused of being a crime boss and received a 25-year prison sentence. He denies the charges.

Chinese state media branded him "an evil leader disguised in red clothes" - a kingpin pretending to be an upright communist citizen - and a high-profile target in a sweeping anti-corruption campaign.

President Xi Jinping launched the campaign in 2018 with the slogan "Saohei chu'e," meaning "sweep away black and eliminate evil." After three years, the initiative concluded last year. China's legislature, which is convening this week, will likely hail the campaign as a smashing success: nearly 40,000 supposed criminal cells and corrupt companies busted, and more than 50,000 Communist Party and government officials punished for abetting them, according to official statistics. Now Beijing is signaling it will continue elements of the campaign.

Successive Chinese leaders have long fought against corruption. And, with the second-biggest economy, China does have its share of it, though the country's ranking improved in the latest Corruption Perceptions Index from watchdog Transparency International.

But in many cases, legal experts say, the latest campaign has served another function: enabling officials across China to lock away entrepreneurs and other citizens whom they perceive to have gained too much wealth or influence independent of the party.

The families of some of those imprisoned - including Zhang's - say the campaign netted mostly innocent people charged with crimes that they either did not commit or were exaggerated to fulfill prosecution quotas and a political mandate.

"This campaign is going after organized obstructions to party rule from alternative power bases," says Jeremy Daum, a legal scholar at Yale University's Paul Tsai China Center who reviewed several cases with NPR. "This campaign is trying to root out the people who aren't faithfully implementing the direction of the party or are obstructing its implementation at the lowest levels."
Zhang's troubles
Zhang Zhixiong's troubles began with a fistfight in his hometown of Gaojiagou village, in northern China's Shanxi province.

The price of bauxite, used to make aluminum, was rising and so were Juxin Mining's fortunes. Prosperous, Zhang became obsessed with improving the village, according to his sister, Zhang Zhaohui.

He set out to widen Gaojiagou's main road, shore up a canal and build new apartment buildings as part of a Communist Party "beautiful countryside" program, according to a 2015 official notice.

Except the canal ran through land on which another entrepreneur, Bai Sisi, hoped to build a cement mixing plant. In August 2014, men allied to the two entrepreneurs - mostly from Gaojiagou village - traded a few blows.

"We went to watch the excitement. Village life is otherwise boring," says Zhang Ruqing, who worked at a nearby gas station at the time. (Many residents of the area have the family name Zhang and are loosely related through generations of marriage, a common occurrence in China's countryside.)

That December, Zhang Zhixiong, his three brothers and a Juxin Mining manager were detained for "provoking troubles" stemming from his fight with Bai - a common criminal charge often used to detain activists, writers and other political irritants.

"Our lawyers, and the courts, all told us they would be out soon," says Zhang Xiaohui, the sister. "None of us realized at the time how big the case would become."

In 2016, China's state news agency revealed Zhang Zhixiong and his associates had been charged with an additional crime of "gang-related activities." Suddenly, Zhang was facing decades behind bars. Even then, lawyers were hopeful they could overturn the charge, according to one person involved with the case. They requested anonymity because lawyers can be disbarred for speaking to reporters about sensitive cases.

Then, in January 2018, China's cabinet-like State Council formally announced the start of the nationwide saohei campaign.

Within days of that announcement, Zhang Zhixiong and 24 of his family members, employees of Juxin Mining, and local officials who had allegedly shielded him were brought to trial and sentenced, after languishing in detention for more than two years. When Zhang's legal team appealed, the court gave them only three days to prepare, and told them ahead of time that his sentence would be upheld, according to a lawyer on the case.

Infuriated, Zhang's legal team handed in an appeals request printed with only one word: "injustice."
Case inconsistencies
Juxin Mining case documents presented by both the prosecution and defense show significant factual discrepancies, according to a review by NPR and experts in Chinese law.

Prosecutors relied on the 2014 fistfight and other altercations that had already been litigated in civil court years ago, and wrapped those cases into saohei criminal charges. That was questionable, says Chi Yin, a comparative law researcher at New York University's U.S.-Asia Law Institute and former judge in China.

"Like many campaigns in the Chinese Communist Party's history, this [one] is ad hoc in nature and not a systemic legal reform," says Yin, who reviewed the Juxin Mining files and another case with NPR. "It's not a way to administer criminal justice in accordance with the spirit of rule of law."

The illegal mining charge cited conflicting figures, doubling the size of unapproved tunneling. The prosecution also appeared to portray Zhang's village improvements as unlawful personal projects.

"Sweep away the black is a political campaign, so the cases are not decided according to the evidence," says Li Jinxing, a defense attorney who has worked on Zhang Zhixiong's case and two dozen other "sweep away black" cases. "Cases like these are [decided] so they fulfill the campaign's quotas."

In order to bolster the prosecution's case that Zhang ran a criminal syndicate, nearly a dozen low-level Juxin Mining employees were also tried as gang members and sentenced for a variety of charges that legal experts consider thinly supported.

For example, in 2014, many Gaojiagou villagers rallied to help vacate furniture from a soon-to-be demolished restaurant. Three years later, authorities decried the act as "illegal demolition" and arrested only six people - all relatives of Zhang's.

Three of those men would also eventually be sentenced for taking part in the fight between the allies of the mining and cement entrepreneurs. The gas station worker, Zhang Ruqing, served 4 1/2 years in jail but says he merely was a witness to the brawl.

Zhang Shuangshan, a former Juxin Mining security guard, was sentenced to 5 1/2 years in prison for gang activities, "picking quarrels and provoking trouble" - because he and another distant relative of Zhixiong had "severely affected villagers' physical and mental health" by dumping garbage near their houses, according to the court sentencing document. Yet the same villagers signed an affidavit seen by NPR that refuted the account.

While he was detained in December 2014, Zhang Shuangshan says, two police officers repeatedly kicked his torso and head because he refused to confess that Zhang Zhixiong had ordered him and other workers to demolish village houses and rough up opponents. "They did not record anything I told them, only what they wanted to write, and when you did not say what they wanted, they beat you," he says. "Strangely the police never asked about my alleged crimes [dumping garbage]. They only asked about Zhang Zhixiong."

Shanxi's government did not respond to NPR's request for comment.

Zhang Zhixiong was also accused of bribing two low-level village party officials. A key provision of the "sweep away black" campaign is that the guilty curry favors and protection from government officials.

One of the two officials was Zhang Junhai, who had just been named interimparty secretary in a nearby village. He was accused of fighting on behalf of Zhang Zhixiong when the brawl broke out over the demolition of the cement plant in August 2014.

"I was not even at the canal when the fight happened; I was at a friend's wedding," says Zhang Junhai, a former soldier and Communist Party member who served 3 1/2 years in prison for allegedly partaking in the fight, and therefore belonging to a gang.
Big stick for regional officials
Modern Chinese history is punctuated by multiple rounds of political purges. The recent "sweep away black" campaign draws inspiration from another anti-graft initiative launched in the early 2000s by now-disgraced politician Bo Xilai.

After his highly publicized campaign against the mafia, Bo, the former party secretary of the powerful Chongqing municipality, was himself sentenced to life in prison in 2013 for a litany of crimes including embezzlement and abuse of power. Political analysts say that paved the way for Xi Jinping to become the head of the Communist Party. But Bo's ideas remain influential.

Under Xi's "sweep away black" campaign, province-level officials acquired wide discretion to prosecute local crimes with state backing.

"That decentralization then creates the conditions for officials to use the campaign as a pretext for arresting individuals who may not have anything to do with thuggery," says Yuen Yuen Ang, a political science professor at the University of Michigan who has written a book about corruption in China.

In Shanghai, for example, those who establish nongovernmental organizations can be prosecuted for conducting gang activities.

In Shaanxi province, authorities arrested an environmental activist, Li Sixia, in 2018 for being an "evil force"; she had repeatedly reported two local quarries for damaging village roads, illegal mining and pollution. Her verdict ultimately was overturned.

The region of Xinjiang, where authorities have detained hundreds of thousands of people belonging to historically Muslim ethnic minorities, decreed that religious or ethnic lectures can be considered organized crime. Tibet considers those who support the Dalai Lama, or liaise with hostile foreign entities, to be engaging in an "underworld" activity. Religious schools and groups across northwestern and central China came under pressure to disband from the anti-corruption campaign, NPR found in 2019.

The saohei campaign has also overlapped with an unusual number of arrests of wealthy businessmen. Last year, China sentenced to life in prison a prominent real estate developer and political critic. Xi reportedly personally ordered the regulatory shake-up against Jack Ma, China's best-known entrepreneur. And a utopian agriculture magnate, Sun Dawu, is in detention and his businesses were put under state management after feuding with a state firm.

" Saohei is a very capacious, very broad category that is also a little bit ambiguous and maybe even strategically ambiguous," says Ryan Mitchell, an assistant law professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Officials are also encouraging citizens to report each other for potential saohei offenses. By October 2020, a public hotline used to report potential organized crime had received more than 15,000 anonymous tips. Several hundred tips, almost 4%, led to investigations, according to authorities. "Reporting someone only takes three minutes," the Communist Party paper People's Daily advertised.
From loan to lockup
The decentralized model also could give local political factions a way to avenge personal disputes through "sweep away black" prosecutions.

One such case appears to bethat ofLiu Lijun, a successful real estate magnate in the northern city of Yushu, in Jilin province - so successful that in 2015, Liu decided to lend 28 million yuan ($4.28 million) to the chairman of an agricultural company, Zhang Ping.

Zhang put down a Yushu property as collateral for the loan - but the building, unbeknownst to Liu, was already collateral in 13 separate lawsuits on debts Zhang owed. Liu never got his money back. The building is currently being auctioned on Taobao, an e-commerce site, as part of Zhang's foreclosure proceedings.

In an effort to reclaim his sizable loan, Liu and his family paid an unannounced visit to Zhang's company, Pingan Seed Co., in December 2016 to confront him, and hung signs asking for their money.

Zhang didn't take kindly to the prodding.

"Zhang Ping's people told us that if we kept asking for our money, Zhang had friends in the police force and our entire family would be killed," says a relative of Liu who asked to remain anonymous because they are routinely threatened and surveilled by local law enforcement and face legal consequences for speaking to a foreign reporter.Soon after these threats, Z hang Ping reported Liu to police, alleging he was running a criminal gang and carrying out violent debt collection; Liu was arrested shortly after.

Zhang declined to comment when reached by phone. Jilin's government did not respond to a request for comment.

In October 2020, Liu was sentenced to 25 years in prison, in part for allegedly leading a gang. But he was also convicted of murder. That was a significant twist: Liu had previously testified as a witness in the stabbing he is now accused of committing - one for which another man had confessed to the killing and served 25 years in prison. The murder had occurred in 1993, well beyond China's 20-year statute of limitations.

Liu's family says the charges are fabricated, and that the murder charge is based on tampered evidence and forced confessions.

In phone recordings obtained by NPR, Yushu law enforcement can be heard pressuring the originally convicted killer, An Hongchen, to change his murder confession and blame Liu instead.

"You want me to lie, but how can I lie? You want me to say I saw [Liu Lijun] do it and you ask what my demands are in return [for changing my confession], but how can I have demands when I did not see that happen?" says a frustrated An on the call.

NPR could not independently verify the recordings, but their contents appear to be damning.

The Liu family says the judge ruled that the audio could not be played in court, because An was considered an unreliable witness. Chi Yin, the NYU researcher and former judge, says the audio should have been allowed and An should have taken the stand: "This would have been a perfect moment to explore the question [of An's credibility] through cross examination," Yin says.

Families of those convicted in the anti-corruption drive harbor some hope as some provinces begin to push back against overly harsh sentences or even overturn verdicts meted out during the campaign.

Several law enforcement officials were fired last year in Inner Mongolia, and a prosecutor remains in detention for "violations of discipline," including for allegedly demanding bribes to lessen corruption charges. The defendant, Wang Yongming, is set to have a new trial this year.

However, Wang's relatives say they and their legal team continue to be obstructed from mounting a robust defense. "The prosecution is rushing through their new investigation because they are eager to notch up another victory for their end of year reports," says one family member who asked to remain anonymous as they are under strict police surveillance during preparations for the new trial.

The Communist Party has ousted several top police chiefs and state security officials while placing Shanghai's public security head under investigation. The shake-up heralds a new phase in Xi's anti-corruption crackdown, this time targeting law enforcement and justice organs.

This month, security and law officials across the country will undergo mandatory education sessions to " rectify" their political thinking to be more in line with the Communist Party.

Meanwhile, a proposed law would formalize aspects of the saohei campaign and would give the state extra power to prosecute organized crime.

In December, China's central government gave orders suggesting the crackdown could carry on indefinitely: "Increase society's sense of safety ... and promote the normalization of 'sweep away black.'"
Amy Cheng contributed research from Shanxi province and Beijing.

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How China's Massive Corruption Crackdown Snares Entrepreneurs Across The Country

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LULIANG, China - The meteoric rise of aluminum executive Zhang Zhixiong transformed his rural Chinese hamlet into a lucrative mining community. But his fall from grace was even more dramatic. In March 2018, he and 10 others were sentenced to harsh prison terms for supposedly forming a criminal organization and illegal mining, among other crimes.

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control of media was extremely useful to fascist leaders because it let them alter perception of themselves which in terms gave the public the look they desire

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They could force their ways and ideals towards power and strength to help gain more followers when a country was at its weakest. They supported nationalism which helped gain more followers and spread the idea that their country was great to try and gain public support.

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an example of scapegoating would be Hitler blaming the Jewish people for losing the war and the downfall of their economy. The Germans seem to have adopted this idea as they felt they needed someone to blame for this misfortune, so they blamed the people who owned banks and were accused of working against the country.

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1. secrecy, denial, disinformation, propaganda, violence

2. mass genocides, i.e. Russia/Ukriane & Israel/Palestine

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An example of a scapegoat is right now in the United States; immigrants are blamed for economic issues and Donald Trump has pushed this idea to an extremity.

Question 2: They probably feel very powerless and upset because they are innocent, they don't want people to hate them.

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1) Immigrants

2) They thought that the outgroup was responsible for all their problems

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Fascist leaders would most likely want to align themselves with the dominating religion in their country because that is a way they could get the most support from the most amount of people. In addition religion is something that many people take very seriously and something they put lots of faith into so not only will a large number of people support this person but they will associate them with god and with their personal ideals.

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The controlled media let the government control what the civilians/people knew. They could stop secrets from spreading out.

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The relationship between Militarism and Nationalism is that the bigger a countries military is, the prouder and the more nationalist the citizens become.

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Because they want to seem "faithful" and want to connect with the majority of the people.

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An example of scapegoating is during the great depression when immigrants from South America were unfairly blamed for economic problems and were deported even though they were actually helping the economy.

The people in the in-group were probably glad they weren't being blamed and were able to have someone to blame for all of their problems. Like a clear solution for their problems - get rid of the people in the out-group.

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As long as the police appear to be removing a threat to the general population they would have a credible reason to have so much power. Also if people see such a brutal policing system they will be far more afraid to violate the rules and allow the government to keep even stricter control.

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People in power would often collaborate with other wealthy peoples to enrich each other. This was mutually beneficial to the ruling class, and controlled media kept the public from knowing anything was going on

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Militarism is related to Nationalism because people are more likely to want to defend their country if they believe they are better than everyone else. They are proud and would die for their country with honor if they wanted to.

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They could be seen as a threat because they think independently and could challenge the leaders rules. They are more educated and its easier for them to make their own decisions that could undermine control.

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Propaganda and the secrecy and denial of information

Deportation of documented immigrants.

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control of mass media would be helpful because it meant that only the dominant party could be heard and all other voices and perspectives were silenced

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Nationalism promotes defending your country, Militarism encourages investing in the army so people can defend their countries with violence.

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They don't want the national security to be questioned since it was mainly used to keep the country under control. They wanted to keep the fear while staying in control over the people.

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they wouldn't want them to be questioned because it might make them look weak or not in control

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Some traits that might make ordinary leaders support a fascist leader would be their faith to religion and having an opponent to hate.

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fascist leaders were seen to be strong supporters of their country's religion because it built up faith within the leader and it connected them to the majority of the country they serve because during that time the majority of the population were religious

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Group 7 - Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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Group 7 - Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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This document is set up in many ways to promote fraudulent, unjust voting. The fact that the "Yes" box is much larger than the "No" box shows us how the document is framed- to view those who vote "No" as the minority, and that they are choosing the wrong choice. Additionally, the fact that there is incredible voter supression amongst these elections must be noted. Maintaining control of election machinery is a huge one, potentially giving higher authorities to rig or provide fake answers for the election results. Also, coming back to this ballot, there is only one choice... The voter has no alternative option- only Hitler. Who else will they vote for to lead their country? They surely do not want an absent leader, so they are more pressured to vote for Hitler as he is the only option.

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Sample voting ballot asking if Austrians support Germany’s annexation On April 10, 1938, Austrians were asked whether they supported the March 13 Anschluss. 99.75% of voters said that they supported Germany’s annexation of Austria into the Third Reich.

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Fear is created against criminals to encourage a sense of urgency to rid of them. Its also because it gives the leaders more free will to use police or violent punishments.

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Facist Regimes could use "national security" as a way to escuse atrocities as "protecting the people" and it also gave them more direct control over the people

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Nationalism is a pride in ones country and militarism is the belief of having a strong military. Sometimes having pride in a country means taking out other peoples which brings up the topic of strength which is also related to having a strong military to do so.

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1 Fascist leaders supported large corporations because they saw the corporate structure as a way to ensure military production and as a means of social control. They prevented workers from organizing because unions were seen as a power center that could challenge the power of the ruling elite and their corporate allies.

2 They might support fascist leaders anyway because of controlled media.

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because it would let more people want to join them and be able to connect with more people

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With control of mass media, fascist leaders could exclusively promote their ideology. This would prevent opposing views from gaining popularity. They could also limit the spread of any news that showed flaws in the regime, keeping the public's approval.

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Three ways that ballots and elections were set up to enforce citizens to vote for the current dictator/leader were 1, intimidating and getting rid of opposing candidates, 2 destroying votes that were for the other party and 3 by keeping control of the voting mechanisms so they could change the outcome of the elections. In the image presented on this slide we see a ballot asking people to vote either yes or no for hitler staying in charger. Firstly in this image the no box is three times as small as the yes box which influences people to pick yes, and there is no option for an other leader so people don't really know what would happen if they were to select no. Both of these things would lead people to pick the simplest option of, Yes.

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The control of mass media can allow a leader to twist the media to support their ideas and therefore make the citizens trust those ideas more.

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The fascist leaders probably want to associate themselves with the dominant religion of the country so that more people will support them. If the leaders associate with the people's religion, then they will be more likely to believe in them and even associate them with that religion and ideals.

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It can manipulate public opinion. Help consolidate power. Make it easier to spread the scapegoating of groups.

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militarism and nationalism are closely related because a strong sense of honor and pride for your country leads you to fight for your country and join the army.

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fascist leaders supported large corporations as a way to control the public and they prevented the workers from organizing because they could challenge the political powers

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They can think independently and are creative and want freedom for their creativity.

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By associating themselves with the dominant religion, fascist leaders could gain a following of those loyal to the religion. They could attribute loyalty to their leadership as faithfulness to the religion.

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It would help keep control of popularity. More supporters, and an increase of nationalism. It also can make them seem more trustworthy so people will follow their lead and decisions.

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They make the yes circle much bigger pushing you towards it. They also have just Hitler's name up there in bold, that why you don't think about another leader you want to vote for. Finally it also has very few words on it to keep you focused on the name and not any other information. Hitlers name is sized up compared to most of the other words.

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This connects to many other traits because they all control the others while also maintaining power, while also wanting more of it. It also keeps the public uninformed.

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This ballot is set up to convince the voter to vote 'yes' by

1. making the circle labeled 'yes' much larger than the circle labeled 'no'

2. asking if they want to vote for 'our Fuhrer Adolf Hitler' emphasizes that Hitler is the option to choose, and there are no alternatives for national leaders

3. only giving a 'yes' and 'no' answer option, in response to 2 different questions forces voters to vote for Hitler even if they are only in support of the reunification and not Hitler himself

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1) Organized labor was seen the one power center that could challenge the political power of the ruling elite.

2) Media manipulation might be saying that the leaders are doing everything they could and that the hard ships are to blame on the groups being scapegoated.

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fascist supported large corporations because they saw that as a means of power thinking if they supported that they would be largely more powerful. and also to keep them under control

they would support the leader because the leader promised them things like wealth and power so they believed that but also controlled media altered their beliefs

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Nationalist creates pride in a country and militarism makes a country stronger. Facist goverment uses militarism to control people or to scare other nations.

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Group 7 - Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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Group 7 - Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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This trait of fascism relates to many other characteristics- they all have an extremely surpressive and restricting manner about them. Not only does this restrict freedom within fascist societies, but also limits the amount of people that can truly participate in society- fascism is restrictive and does not promote equality, and now we can see this in gender as well.

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China’s elites think feminism is a foreign plot

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Party bosses blame a brutal assault on gangsters, rather than endemic sexism

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A fear of criminals, or fear in general, is benificial for the ruling class, because it distracts people from criticising their rule. Additionally, it gives them reason to have more police, and thus more power over their people

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Universities were seen as tightly controlled; politically unreliable faculty harassed or eliminated. Artists expressed their ideas through artistic expressions. Both arts and literature were ways being could express their feelings toward the government.

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1) Strict control, corporate structure to ensure military protection, economic elite pampered by political elite, labor unions made powerless

2) They would support a fascist leader because those issues would be blamed on scapegoats and the government would reward blind loyalty.

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They can sway public opinion through education and art.

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Allows the government to invade privacy on the basis of national security, shifts blame for government overreach.

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this connects to the other because people in power would want to collaborate with other people in power and they would have more power than the general public

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Group 7- Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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Group 7- Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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Obviously, the fascist governments would not want national security to be questioned. The whole objective of fascism is to maintain complete control of their government- and if their national security is questioned, so is their authority and power.

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This relates to what we have previously learned about how the elites associated themselves with the dominating religion of their country and many religions in this case have traditions that allowed these kinds of treatment towards women to continue. This also relates to the overall trait of a suppressive government who has strict rules that don't allow for an equitable and safe society. Lastly this aligns with the trait of fascist leaders making their majority citizens feel more powerful and like they have control in their lives.

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The circle for yes is bigger, the question is posed so the opposition has to disagree. It combines two policies so if you want to vote for one you have to vote for the other as well.

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Ballots are set up to convince the voters to choose "Yes" by controlling the election machinery, intimidating and disenfranchising the opposite voters. Also, the circle for yes is much larger than the one for no, which makes the people feel marginalized if they vote no.

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Group 7 -Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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Group 7 -Rigzin, Quill, Lanell, Charlotte

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This trait relates to the objective of maintaining power and authority through many ways. They want to maintain their power while also making themselves wealthy and to benefit each other, but only those that are in power. The corruption wass hid from the people of course- so that they could continue to have compelte authority over the government while still benefiting from the masses.

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Intellectual and academic freedom were considered subversive to national security and the patriotic ideal, they represent individual self expression,

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Без названия

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This relates otherrises a group for people to create a scapegoat. And connects to the other ones state.

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Fear or criminals was used as an excuse for more police power as police were often glorified, so hating and being scared of criminals makes the police look more powerful, as they are the people dealing with the criminals.

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This trait connects to many other facist ideals that all feature oppressive laws and regulations. It is similar to patriarchy, societal pressures, and rigid or supressive government.

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1. Fascist leaders supported large corporations because corporations produced supplies for the military, which helped fascist leaders to stay in control. Labor unions were not allowed since they were people banding together to challenge political powers.

2. Ordinary workers might support fascist workers because they believed scapegoats were the reason for economic problems and unenployment.

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They wouldn't want it to be questioned to stay in control and when people start questioning they start to doubt their leaders. The fascists leader want to keep that from happening so they shut it down.

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Fear of criminals would be promoted to force people to be loyal to the law instead of peers who were labeled as criminals.

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Their job is to think and be creative and question things so they are more likely to threaten Fascist governments.

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Abusing your power in the government to keep control and keep your power and support those who support you. Keeping control over the voters.

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powerful expressions of nationalism helped  fascist leaders gain control because it gave people purpose and more enthusiasm for their country, as well as associate the leader with the good of their country.

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1. Yes is bigger than no on the ballot

2. question targets both voters for Hitler and people who support the reunification of Austria and Germany

3. Hitler is written in larger print to draw attention

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This relates to other characteristics we learned about fascism, showing how the government is very restrictive and doesn't allow for much freedom within the people. In addition to what we previously learned about the regulations in education and the workforce, we now know that women are also limited under the fascist state.

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appealed to conservative voters who were generally the ones who held more political power.

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National security was used to control the people. If it was questioned, the fascist leaders would be unable to maintain power.

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fascist regimes used propaganda, marginalization, and demonizing people/groups of people.

A modern day example of human rights violations is camps like conversion camps and many others.

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By allowing corruption to continue, fascist leaders gained support from the social elite. While using propaganda to convince the people that they worked for them

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Some similarities between totalitarianism and fascism is that they are both controlled by a dictator who wants total control as well as they all limit the rights of people. A difference is that fascism strongly supports nationalism.

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the circle for Hitler is much bigger they have hitlers name in bold so it stands out more and only having a yes or no option so it looks like there are no alternatives

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Similarities and differences between totalitarianism and fascism.

Totalitarianism is when the government controls everything in people’s lives, including politics and personal freedoms. Fascism is a type of totalitarian rule that focuses on extreme nationalism, military power, and often racism. All fascist governments are totalitarian, but not all totalitarian governments are fascist—some focus on class equality instead. Totalitarianism is about total control, while fascism is a specific belief system within it.

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Both rely on nationalism and Militarism a lot for power. Also, suppress intellectualism. In totalitarianism the government controls the economy, but fascist governments they allow a corrupt privately owned economy. In Fascism there is strict hierarchy, whereas in Totilitaranism the goal is a classless society.

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Although fascism and totalianarism seem very similar, there are also many differences.

1) While totalianarism focuses on complete, total control, known to everyone, fascism is more focused on the illusion of a democracy- rigged/controlled elections. Also, fascism is much more corrupt than totalatarianism- economically wise. People are more capiltlist and allowed to enjoy things- and by people I mean the centralized, higher authority figures.

2) both are very centralized, restrictive governments that give power to a very small group of people. These small groups of people control most, if not all, of the government.

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Fascism relies capitalist ideas, and a stronger emphasis on militarism. While Totalitarianism is more socialist.

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An example of a scapegoat is if someone was late to work and blamed it on their roommate eating breakfast or something not related to them being late, or their fault.

I think the people in the in-group felt bad for the out-group being blamed, but maybe relieved that they were not being blamed for the country's problems.