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Enacted to combat malnutrition and support low-income students. While originally a health initiative, it is now a key equity tool in addressing food insecurity. Access to food directly impacts academic performance.

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This law granted U.S. citizenship to Native Americans, but educational inequity remained. Native children were still subjected to assimilationist boarding schools. This is an early example of systemic exclusion and cultural erasure.

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A federal court case in California ruled that Mexican American children could not be segregated in public schools. This case set a legal precedent for Brown v. Board. It affirmed the rights of Latinx students to equal education.

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1973	Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

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1973	Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

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The first disability rights law that prohibit discrimination in federally funded programs. It laid the groundwork for future inclusive education laws like IDEA.

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1975	Education for All Handicapped Children Act (now IDEA)

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1975	Education for All Handicapped Children Act (now IDEA)

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Guaranteed a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) for students with disabilities. This transformed special education services nationwide.

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1984	Emergency Immigrant Education Act (EIEA)

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1984	Emergency Immigrant Education Act (EIEA)

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Provided funding to schools with large populations of recently arrived immigrant students. Recognized the need for targeted academic and language support.

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1990	Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

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1990	Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

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Ensured civil rights protections for people with disabilities, including in public education spaces. It reinforced access and accommodations across all levels.

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Reauthorized ESEA with increased accountability and targeted funds for disadvantaged students. It marked a shift toward standards-based reform with equity in mind

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2010	Common Core State Standards Initiative

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2010	Common Core State Standards Initiative

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Created shared academic expectations across states. Though controversial, it aimed to hold all students to high standards regardless of zip code.

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2016	California’s LCFF (Local Control Funding Formula)

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2016	California’s LCFF (Local Control Funding Formula)

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A funding model that directs more resources to students with greater needs: low-income, foster youth, and English learners. An innovative shift in equity-centered school finance.

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 2020	COVID-19 Pandemic and Digital Divide

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 2020	COVID-19 Pandemic and Digital Divide

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School closures exposed severe inequalities in access to devices, internet, and support services. The crisis led to increased focus on digital equity.

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2023	California’s AB 714 – Newcomer Support Guidance

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2023	California’s AB 714 – Newcomer Support Guidance

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Provides structured guidance to districts on supporting newcomer students through cultural, academic, and socio-emotional strategies. Supports holistic equity for immigrant youth.