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The 17th and 18th centuries were a period of profound political, social, scientific, and cultural changes in Europe and the world. 

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The 17th and 18th centuries were a period of profound political, social, scientific, and cultural changes in Europe and the world. 

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This Padlet aims to provide an overview of the key events, discoveries, and notable figures of both centuries.

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The Scientific Revolution: Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, and others laid the foundations of modern science.

European Colonial Expansion: Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands expanded their dominions in the Americas, Asia, and Africa.

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648): A conflict that involved most of the major European powers.

The English Revolution (1642-1651): A civil war that led to the overthrow and execution of King Charles I.

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Isaac Newton: A physicist and mathematician who developed the theory of universal gravitation.

William Shakespeare: A playwright and poet, considered one of the greatest writers in history.

Johann Sebastian Bach: A German composer, one of the most influential figures in Baroque music.

Marie Curie: A Polish physicist and chemist, a pioneer in the study of radioactivity.

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During the 17th and 18th centuries, Isaac Newton emerged as one of the most influential figures in scientific history. Born in 1643, he lived through a period known as the Scientific Revolution, which coincided with significant political changes in England, including the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Newton's career at Cambridge University was briefly interrupted by the Great Plague of 1665-1666, forcing him to return to his family home in Woolsthorpe, where he made some of his most groundbreaking discoveries. During this period, he developed his theories on calculus, light, and gravitation. His masterpiece "Principia Mathematica," published in 1687, revolutionized our understanding of physics and mathematics. Newton held several prestigious positions, including Lucasian Professor at Cambridge, Warden of the Royal Mint (1696), and President of the Royal Society (1703). His work dominated scientific thought throughout the 18th century, though he was also known for his fierce rivalries, particularly with Gottfried Leibniz over the invention of calculus and with Robert Hooke regarding optics. Despite his brilliant mind, Newton was often described as solitary and sometimes difficult, never marrying and dedicating much of his later life to alchemy and theological studies. He was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705, marking his elevation from a mere scholar to a figure of national importance. His theories remained unchallenged until Einstein's work in the early 20th century, demonstrating the lasting impact of his 17th and 18th-century contributions to science.

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The Enlightenment and the Encyclopedia: Philosophers like Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau promoted rational thinking.

The French Revolution (1789-1799): An event that transformed the French monarchy into a republic.

The Industrial Revolution: The invention of the steam engine and factories brought about profound economic and social changes.

The American Revolution (1776): The 13 British colonies declared their independence and formed a new country.