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Hướng dẫn hoạt động nhóm đôi trong 5 phút.

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Hướng dẫn hoạt động nhóm đôi trong 5 phút.

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Đọc SGK trang 53-54 và tra cứu thêm Internet để:

Lựa chọn thảo luận 1 trong 2 chủ đề: Tín ngưỡng (niềm tin vào thần linh) hoặc Tôn giáo lớn (niềm tin có nguyên tắc giáo lý, có giáo chủ, có tín đồ, có cơ sở hành lễ...) ở Đông Nam Á cổ - trung đại.

Nhóm em hãy tạo thêm bài đăng bên cạnh các hướng dẫn.

Thời gian: 5 phút.

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1. Giới thiệu các tín ngưỡng bản địa của ĐNÁ

2. Đóng vai 1 vị thần trong tín ngưỡng của cư dân Đông Nam Á, hãy nói về vai trò của mình trong đời sống của cư dân Đông Nam Á cổ - trung đại.

HS có thể vẽ hoặc sử dụng phần mềm để trình bày, có hình ảnh mình họa, có câu hỏi HS khác hoặc GV.

Câu hỏi thêm: Em có nhận xét gì về các tín ngưỡng bản địa ở Đông Nam Á?

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Mind mapping is a creative way to brainstorm and find connections between different ideas. Done right, it's a great way to come up with new ideas and solutions to tricky problems, outline an article or presentation, and generally just get your thoughts in order. While it can be done as a group, it's often a solo practice.

Use automation to support brainstorming, delegation, and communication

I do most of my mind mapping digitally-and even when I don't, I often recreate a paper mind map online so that I can have it safely stored and easily searched. (It's a weird hybrid approach, but it works for me.)

Over the past several years of updating this list, I've tested close to 50 different mind map tools, many multiple times as they've been updated and added new features. I've also made dozens of mind maps myself, both on paper and digitally. Pen and paper set a very high bar to clear, but these are the five best mind mapping apps that manage to clear it.

The 5 best mind mapping tools

Coggle for mind map beginners and occasional use

MindMeister for collaborating on a mind map with a team

Ayoa for a modern approach to mind mapping

MindNode for Apple users

Xmind for personal brainstorming

What is mind mapping?

Traditionally, a mind map is done with a pen (or, ideally, loads of colored pencils or markers) and paper. You start by writing a central idea or theme in the middle of a blank sheet of paper. Then the fun starts: around your central theme, you create "nodes" connected by lines, each with its own related idea or theme. For example, if the central theme was "Summer" (say, for a marketing campaign), the first five or so nodes might be "Good weather," "BBQs," "Vacation," "Air conditioning," and "School's out"-or whatever else it is that you think of when you think of summer.

From each node, you then repeat the process, drilling deeper into the different concepts. "BBQs" might lead to "Family time," "Good food," and "Burgers." "School's out" could lead to "Summer jobs," "Extracurriculars," and "Alice Cooper."

Some ideas will also connect back to other ideas. "Family time" could also link to "Good weather" and "Vacation." "Burgers" could link to "Summer jobs." But by getting all these branching concepts down on paper, you can start to see the relationships between different things and generate new ideas. Who'd have thought before we started brainstorming that Alice Cooper flipping burgers at a family BBQ (or maybe in a fast food joint?) could make for a killer summer ad? I didn't, but I'd definitely buy one.

What makes the best mind map software?

How we evaluate and test apps

Our best apps roundups are written by humans who've spent much of their careers using, testing, and writing about software. Unless explicitly stated, we spend dozens of hours researching and testing apps, using each app as it's intended to be used and evaluating it against the criteria we set for the category. We're never paid for placement in our articles from any app or for links to any site-we value the trust readers put in us to offer authentic evaluations of the categories and apps we review. For more details on our process, read the full rundown of how we select apps to feature on the Zapier blog.

Mind mapping with a sheet of paper and a pen is an incredibly intuitive and natural way to work. You just start drawing and go from there with almost nothing in your way.

While it's hard to beat for convenience, it does have its downsides. Unless you have a gigantic whiteboard knocking around, you're limited to a fairly small piece of paper. It's not searchable, and you can't easily undo things or make edits. And, worst of all, if you lose your mind map, you don't have a backup. So even though pen-and-paper mind mapping is a delightful way to work, it might be worth considering a mind mapping app instead.

While each mind mapping tool on this list has its own unique benefits, they all meet at least the following criteria:

It's actually a mind mapping app. A lot of drawing, diagramming, and flowchart apps are marketed as mind map apps-but they aren't. While you could make a mind map in them, you could also use PowerPoint, Photoshop, or MS Paint. You could even get a key and carve a mind map into your computer screen. Just because something can be used to make a mind map, doesn't mean it should or that it will do it well. These more general-purpose apps tend to lack the features that make creating a mind map digitally as easy as possible, like automatically linking nodes, brainstorming modes that let you get a lot of concepts down quickly, and search. For an app to make this list, I dug past the marketing and made sure it was designed from the ground up for brainstorming, not for drawing or creating professional diagrams or charts. A couple of mediocre templates just doesn't cut it.

It gets out of the way. Mind mapping with a pen and paper is a joy. No app is ever going to be quite as intuitive, but it should come as close as possible. After a short learning period to get up to speed, you shouldn't have to stop and think to create a node, or dig through menus to connect two ideas. The app should just fade into the background-the same way your web browser does.

It offers an unlimited canvas. A digital mind map tool should have a practically unlimited canvas size, so you can make a mind map as big as you can conceive of, connecting huge numbers of ideas if you want. Using an app is all about overcoming the analog downsides, not reinforcing them.

It allows you to attach files. Sometimes you need more than a few words to fully illustrate a concept-and doodling is a big part of analog mind mapping. For an app to make this list, you need to be able to attach images, videos, documents, web pages, and other assorted extras to your mind maps. Actually being able to link to things is one of the big advantages that an app has over paper.

It allows you to save and export. You can't easily edit, save, or share your paper mind maps, so one of the big reasons to go digital is that you can. The best mind map software lets you come back to a mind map later and change it up, save it, and export it in different formats, so you can send it to your colleagues, classmates, or anyone else.

Some mind mapping apps are now touting GPT-powered AI features that can make suggestions and auto-fill mind maps for you. If you've played around with ChatGPT, you'll understand what these features are capable of. While the ones I tested worked as described, they were all still a bit rough around the edges; many are still in beta. As a result, I didn't really consider them a noteworthy feature, especially as having an add generic ideas to your mind map utterly defeats the purpose of the whole exercise-at least as far as I'm concerned.

This is my fourth year keeping this list updated, so I'm very familiar with all the top picks-plus all the apps that come close to breaking into this list but just fall short. To test each mind map app, I use it. I start with some silly concept and just mind map away to see how it works and feels. (I'm always comparing things back to both paper and the other apps.) If it's nice to use and ticks all the boxes, it goes on a shortlist to be considered for inclusion. If it's awkward, gets in the way, or doesn't have a key feature, I leave it off the list (though all the testing notes get added to an increasingly complex spreadsheet, so I can check if things improve next year). From that shortlist, I pull out the best of the best. So, here are the five best mind mapping apps.

The best mind mapping software at a glance

Best mind mapping software for beginners and occasional use
Coggle pros: Coggle cons:
Coggle is, in many ways, the mind map maker to beat. It's fast, intuitive, and easy to use (with great keyboard shortcuts)-even though it's only available through your web browser. Perhaps best of all, Coggle is free for up to three private mind maps (and unlimited public ones, but who wants those). As long as you save your mind maps as PDFs, plain text documents, or images, you can delete your old drafts and basically have unlimited free mind mapping for as long as you need. If you're only looking to use a digital option every few months, it's practically perfect.

The moment you start a diagram in Coggle, you'll see the central node of a new mind map. From there, you can create new nodes by clicking on the plus sign or-if you want a faster experience-tapping the tab key. There's a handy cheatsheet of all the keyboard shortcuts in the bottom-right corner of the app, and it's worth learning to use them.

Even though the interface is starting to look a little dated, Coggle is still packed with thoughtful touches. One of my favorite features is that you can format your mind map items and messages with Markdown, so you can get as fancy as you need to while adding your text, images, and links to the canvas. There's also collaboration built in. If you want to bounce some ideas off a colleague, you can go ahead and add them to your mind map, carry on a conversation in the messages sidebar, or go into full-screen presentation mode to take a step back and do more high-level ideation.

In short, for occasional mind mapping (whether on your own or with colleagues), Coggle nails it, and it's your best option for free mind mapping software. Its paid offering is also great, but for $50/year or $5/month, you can get other mind mapping apps that work natively rather than just through a web browser.

Coggle pricing: Free for up to three private diagrams; $5/month for unlimited private diagrams and extra mind mapping tools (like additional shapes and color control).

Best mind mapping software for collaborating with a team
MindMeister pros:

Great collaboration features

Lots of customization options

Integrates with MeisterTask if you want more of an all-in-one tool

MindMeister cons:
MindMeister is one of the best collaborative mind mapping tools out there. It's a little less intuitive to use than Coggle, and some features-like exporting your mind maps as a PDF or image, or attaching images and videos-are limited to paid plans, which require you to pay for at least six months in advance, so it's a less enticing option for solo mind mappers. For teams, though, its collaboration features are great: you can add team members and guests to your mind map, leave comments for each other, and otherwise work together to brainstorm or present ideas.

It also has a sleek modern interface and plenty of customization options (including some more corporate layouts). Plus, it automatically aligns your nodes, which makes it easy to create great-looking mind maps that won't look out of place in a meeting room.

MindMeister is owned by the same people that make MeisterTask, a web-based, Kanban-style project management app. The two tools are integrated, so you can turn your brainstorm session into an actionable project, assigning individual items on a mind map to members of your team, tracking task progress, and syncing it all with your other project boards inside MeisterTask- which even integrates with Zapier.

For an in-depth look at what a sample MindMeister/MeisterTask project might look like, take a look at Zapier's article about how to jumpstart new projects with mind maps.

MindMeister pricing: Free for the that includes up to three mind maps and real-time collaboration. From $41.94/6 months ($6.99/month) for the Personal plan that includes unlimited mind maps, file attachments, and PDF exports.

Best mind mapping software for a modern mind mapping approach

Ayoa (Web, iOS, Android, macOS, Windows)
Ayoa pros:

Lots of different types of mind maps, depending on your brainstorming style

Consistently getting better year over year

Extra features like AI assistance, chat, and task management

Ayoa cons:
Ayoa is the follow-up to one of my previous mind mapping picks, iMindMap. It was created by Chris Griffiths, a mind mapping expert and author who has collaborated with Tony Buzan, the man responsible for popularizing mind mapping in the 1970s. Put simply, it's got a serious mind mapping pedigree-and it shows.

Open Ayoa, and you have a choice of making a Mind Map, a Speed Map, a Radial Map, or a Capture Map-though you can also change between them at any time with a dropdown menu. (You can also make a Whiteboard or Task Board if you're doing some more corporate-style brainstorming, though these features are limited to the more expensive plan.)

The Mind Map (formerly Organic Map) is the most traditional and mimics the kind of thing you'd draw with a pen and paper. You aren't confined to just putting words in boxes. Instead, you're encouraged to label the swooshing, Sharpie-like branches that connect different ideas. It's a much more natural process than a lot of the other apps.

A Speed Map is similar, but with a stripped-down setup designed for rapid brainstorming. You're almost forced to use keyboard shortcuts, like Tab for a new child branch and Enter for a new sibling branch, as the buttons to do the same are hidden away unless you deliberately click on a node. It's great when you want to ideate quickly.

A Radial Map is a totally modern approach to mind mapping. Instead of nodes and lines, every idea becomes part of a series of concentric circles. A peripheral segment of your central idea becomes the center of its own circle of ideas as you move outward. It's mind mapping that's moving beyond the limits of what can even be imagined with paper.

A Capture Map is a blank canvas that allows you to quickly add ideas, whether they're related or not. They float around the page as little thought bubbles. You can then connect them and turn your rough outline into an Organic Map, Speed Map, or Radial Map.

And Ayoa isn't just limited to basic (and not-so-basic) mind mapping. The chat, real-time collaboration, whiteboard, and task management features make it ideal if you're part of a small team looking to realize your ideas. It's also designed to be accessible to neurodiverse people. Ayoa is under rapid development, so it's worth keeping an eye on their roadmap to see what features are coming down the line. When I first reviewed this app a few years ago, the whiteboard features didn't exist. Last year, they were worth mentioning. Now, they're so good that Ayoa made our list of best whiteboard apps.

AI is now fully integrated with Ayoa. You can right-click on any node and select Ideas, Questions, or Explain, and it will come up with up to four related concepts. It's much improved from last year when it kept making weight loss suggestions, but I didn't find it particularly good or useful. Similarly, there's now an integrated AI image generator should you feel the need to add wild images to your mind maps. Really, if you want an AI to help with mind mapping, the features are there-but Ayoa is on this list for other reasons.

Ayoa pricing: Mind Map plan for $10/user/month billed annually with most mind mapping features. Ayoa Ultimate plan for $13/user/month billed annually adds whiteboards, AI-powered mind maps and generated images, presentations, audio notes and other advanced features.

Best mind mapping software for Apple users
MindNode pros:

Truly native feel on Mac, iPhone, and iPad

Easy syncing with all your devices

MindNode cons:
Most mind mapping apps are web apps, and if there's a native app available, it's really just a shell for the web app or a way to get things running on smartphones. It's fine if you want the collaboration, sharing, and other features you get with an online service, but what if you just want a simple way to brainstorm by yourself?

MindNode, a native Mac, iPhone, and iPad app, is perfect for Apple users (and when I'm in a big mind mapping buzz, it's my go-to app). Start a new map on one device, and it instantly syncs to your other devices using iCloud. The app is just as easy to use (and as powerful) whether you prefer to tap the plus icon to add a new node on your iPhone or click it on your Mac. And since it's a fully native app, no internet connection? No problem.

MindNode also has a load of other features that will keep you happy if you're deep in Apple's ecosystem, like a Quick Entry dialog in the Menu Bar on your Mac, Widgets for the Home screen or Notification Center, a Watch app, Apple Pencil support, and integration with popular to-do apps Apple Reminders, Things, and OmniFocus. Select any node, and click Add Task to turn it into a to-do item. Or click the share menu and Export to Tasks (or OmniFocus), and your mind map will get converted into a project in your chosen app with all your to-dos ready to be checked off. It's a great brainstorming app that lets you turn a brainstorming session into something actionable.

MindNode pricing: Free limited Mac and iOS app; $2.49/month for MindNode Plus with image support, tasks, themes, and styling options. MindNode is also available through , a $9.99/month subscription service with lots of Mac apps.

Best mind mapping software for personal brainstorming

Xmind(Web, Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android)

Xmind pros:

Simple, fast, and easy to use

Great native apps cross-platform

Xmind cons:
If you just make mind maps by yourself and don't need to constantly brainstorm with other people, then a lot of the tools we've looked at are overkill. A lot of development time goes into supporting real-time collaboration, versioning, and the like. With Xmind, however, all that same dev energy goes straight into making mind mapping nicer, faster, and easier.

While Xmind is available on the web (if you have mind maps stored in a cloud storage provider like Dropbox or Google Drive), its native apps are what shine. It's available on Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, and even Linux. If you need something cross-platform so you and your family (or professional team) can all use the same app, even if you aren't collaborating in real-time, it's hard to beat.

While it's subjective, I also feel that Xmind makes the nicest mind maps by default. It's got a slightly hand-drawn style that I wish I could mimic with a pen and paper. It's professional enough for the office (especially if you use the built-in Pitch mode), but also nice enough that you'll want to use it by choice.

Otherwise, Xmind hits all the marks you'd expect from a mind mapping app, and more. It's intuitive to use whether you rely on keyboard shortcuts, a touch screen, or clicking buttons with a mouse. There are enough customization options, design styles, and color themes that you can make your mind maps how you like.

Really, the biggest downside is that, at $5.99/month, it's expensive for one person-especially when you consider all the features it lacks compared to, say, Ayoa or MindMeister. If a nice solo offline experience is more important than the most features for the money, then it's easy to recommend. On the other hand, if you're not mind mapping that often or need to work in a more deliberate way with other people, it's probably not for you.

Xmind pricing: Limited free plan; from /month for Xmind Pro.

If you're wary of subscription fees and want something for personal use, SimpleMind is a solid Xmind alternative. It's available from €27.49 for Windows or macOS (€40.99 for both), $10.99 for iOS, and $8.49 for Android.

Do you need a mind mapping app?

Mind mapping can be a great way to generate and connect ideas, but unless you do it all the time, you probably don't need a dedicated mind map creator-or at least not a paid one. Because, when it comes down to it, mind mapping software is just brainstorming software-and you can brainstorm pretty much anywhere. If you want a compromise, Coggle is a great place to start for free mind map software, since the free plan is pretty generous.

Also, reconsider the pen-and-paper method. It's really hard to beat-which is why there are so many mind mapping apps available and so few on our list-and you can always take a photo of it to save it or share it. It's not as tech-y as an app, but it works if you don't make mind maps all the time as part of your job, or even in your personal life.
Related reading: This article was originally published in February 2019 by Maria Myre. The most recent update was in June 2023.

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We tested dozens of mind mapping tools, and here we'll present the 5 best to help you decide which is right for mapping that mind of yours.

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1. Trình bày quá trình du nhập các tôn giáo vào khu vực ĐNÁ.

2. Đóng vai là một nhà truyền đạo, hãy nói 1 bài diễn thuyết để truyền 1 tôn giáo đến Đông Nam Á.

HS có thể vẽ hoặc sử dụng phần mềm để trình bày, có hình ảnh mình họa, có câu hỏi HS khác hoặc GV.

Câu hỏi thêm: Em có nhận xét gì về các tôn giáo ở Đông Nam Á?

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trước khi chịu ảnh hưởng của nền văn hoá lớn, ở đông nam á đã tồn tại các hình thức tín ngưỡng bản địa phong phú và đa dạng

3 nhóm chính: tín ngưỡng sùng bái tự nhiên, tín ngưỡng phồn thực, tín ngưỡng thờ cúng người đã mất.

hình thức tín ngưỡng bản địa dc bảo tồn trong quá trình phát triển của lịch sử đông nam á và tiếp tục tồn tại đến ngày nay như một nét văn hoá truyền thống độc đáo.

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1. Gồm 3 nhóm chính

Tín ngưỡng sùng bái thiên nhiên(thờ vị thần tự nhiên), tín ngưỡng phồn thực(thờ vật tượng trưng cho sinh sôi, nảy nở, tín ngưỡng thờ cúng người đã mất(thờ cúng, tạ ơn tổ tiên và những người có công với cộng đồng

VD: Đông Nam Á là quê hương của cây lúa nước nên thờ thần Lúa, vị thần bảo trợ cho sản xuát nông nghiệp. Thần Lúa được thờ ở rất nhiều quốc gia khác nhau như Thái Lan, Lào, Việt Nam .

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1. Tín ngưỡng Đông Nam Á gồm 3 nhóm chính:

tín ngưỡng sùng bái tự nhiên (thờ các vị thần tự nhiên gắn với cuộc sống, sản xuất nông nghiệp lúa nước,...)

tín ngưỡng phồn thực (thờ các vật tượng trưng cho sự sinh sôi nảy nở)

tín ngưỡng thờ cúng người đã mất (thờ cúng, tạ ơn tổ tiên và những người có công với cộng đồng)

2. Thần Mặt Trời, vị thần tối cao cai quản bầu trời và ánh sáng.

Trong tâm thức của người dân Đông Nam Á xưa, thần là nguồn gốc của sự sống, là người ban tặng ánh sáng, hơi ấm và mùa màng tươi tốt. Thần được tôn thờ như một vị thần quyền năng, cai quản mọi hoạt động của tự nhiên, từ việc lên xuống của thủy triều đến sự thay đổi của các mùa.

Nguồn gốc của sự sống: Ánh sáng mặt trời là yếu tố thiết yếu cho sự sinh trưởng của cây cối và vật nuôi, là nguồn cung cấp lương thực chính cho con người. Vì vậy, người ta tin rằng ta là người ban tặng sự sống và no ấm cho mọi sinh vật.

Điều khiển thời tiết: được xem là người điều khiển mưa nắng, sấm sét. Người ta cầu khẩn ta ban mưa thuận gió hòa để mùa màng tươi tốt, tránh được hạn hán và lũ lụt.

Bảo vệ: là vị thần bảo vệ, che chở cho con người khỏi những tai ương như bệnh tật, thiên tai.

Vị thần của sự sáng tạo: Ánh sáng mặt trời tượng trưng cho sự sáng tạo, trí tuệ và sự phát triển. Vì vậy, thần còn được xem là vị thần của sự sáng tạo, giúp con người khám phá và phát triển.

Các nghi lễ thờ cúng:

Để tỏ lòng biết ơn và cầu xin sự phù hộ của ta, người dân Đông Nam Á xưa đã tổ chức nhiều lễ hội và nghi thức thờ cúng. Những lễ hội này thường được tổ chức vào những ngày quan trọng trong năm, như ngày đầu năm, ngày mùa, hoặc khi có những sự kiện đặc biệt.

Sự ảnh hưởng:

Tín ngưỡng thờ cúng mặt trời đã ảnh hưởng sâu sắc đến đời sống tinh thần và văn hóa của người dân Đông Nam Á. Nó thể hiện trong các truyền thuyết, thần thoại, kiến trúc, điêu khắc và các hoạt động văn hóa khác.