# data[].attributes.body
-habits and things that happen regularly.
Our teacher never gives us homework for the weekend.

-things that are always true or usually true.
I help my sister with the boring homework.

-permanent situations.
My cat has green eyes.

-timetables and future programmed events.
The theatre starts at 20.30.

positive sentences:
S + V1(s) + O

negative sentences:
S + Don't/Doesn't + V1 + O

questions:
Do/Does + S + V1 + O ?

# data[].attributes.body
-something that is happening now, at this moment.
Wendy and Paul are watching an interesting TV programme.

-temporary situations.
My brother is working at a cafe this summer.

-future plans and arragements.
I am going to a special party tonight.

positive sentences:

S + am/is/are + Ving + O

negative sentences:
S+ am/is/are + Not + Ving + O

questions:
Am/Is/Are + S + Ving + O ?

# data[].attributes.body
-something that happened at an indefinite time in the past.
My mother has bought this necklace.
I have written an article about global warming.

-something that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a present result or effect in the present.
I have painted my room. -> It is pink now.
Sally has broken her arm. -> It's still broken.

-something that started in the past and continues in the present.

My mother has worked for that gym since 2007.

My mother has worked for that gym for 16 years.

-experiences and things we have or have not done in our lives.
A: Have you ever seen a snake?
B: Yes, I have seen a snake before.
B: No, I have never seen a snake before.

Just / Yet / Already
A: Do your homework.
B: I have just done it, mum.

A: Tidy your room.
B: I have already tidied it.

A: Have you brushed your teeth?
B: No, I haven't brushed my teeth yet.

Been - Gone
Henry has gone to Germany. -> He hasn't returned yet.
Henry has been to Germany. -> He has returned.

# data[].attributes.body
-something that started and finished in the past.
They watched a short film 20 minutes ago.

-things that we did regularly in the past.
We studied hard for the exam last year.

-things that happened one after the other in the past.
She came in, she ate a sandwich and she went to her room.

positive sentences:
S + V2 + O

negative sentences:
S + didn't + V1 + O

questions:
Did + S + V1 + O ?

# data[].attributes.body
-an action that happened berfore a particular time in the past.
I had eaten my lunch at 1 o'clock.

-an action that happened before another action in the past.
After I had finished my homework, I went to the party.

Time expressions:
before, after, when, by,by the time, already ,just, as soon as, until, ever, never, the day,week, month, year before, the previous day, month, year etc.

AFTER + PAST PERFECT , SIMPLE PAST =
AFTER HAD3, 2

# data[].attributes.body
-for past habits and things that we did regularly in the past.
I used to smoke.
I didn’t use to smoke.

-situations or states that were true in the past,but are not true now.

I used to like black but now I like grey.

positive sentences:
S + used to+ V1 + O

negative sentences:
S + didn't + use to + V1 + O

questions:

Did + S + use to + V1 + O ?

# data[].attributes.body
-an action that was in progress at particular time in the past.
Mary went to bed at 11p.m. She was sleeping at 2.30.

-2 or more actions happening at the same time in the past.
Sally was sleeping while her sister was doing homework.

-to talk about an action that was that was in progress in the past that was interrupted by another action.
I was talking to my mum when the phone rang.

-to set the scene in a story.
The sun was shining...

positive sentences:
S + was/were + Ving + O

negative sentences:
S + was/were + not + Ving + O

questions:
Was/Were + S + Ving + O?

actions:
While + was/were + Ving (long action)

When + simple past (short action)

# data[].attributes.body
-predictions when we don't have proof with opinions.
I believe I will pass the exam.

-decisions we make at the moment of speaking.
A: Mom, can you make a cake?
B: We don't have any eggs.
A: I will buy some eggs.

-when we offer to do something for somebody or ask somebody to do something for us.
A: Can you open the window?
B: Sure, I will.

-for promises.
I promise I will work harder.

-for warnings and threats.
Give me all your money or I'll kill you.

# data[].attributes.body
-for plans and intentions, things we have decided to do in future.
I am going to fly Rome.

-for predictions, things we expect happen in the near future because of something we know or can see now.
Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain.

# data[].attributes.body
-we use zero conditional to talk about general truths and automatic or habital results.
If I get up early, I have breakfast every morning.
If we leave ice cream outside, it melts.

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT, SIMPLE PRESENT

# data[].attributes.body
-we use first conditional to talk about a situation that we think probably happen in the future, but it depends on something else first.
If I study hard, I can pass my maths exam.
If my mother comes home late tonight, we may order a pizza.

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT, S + will/may/can/have to + V1

Unless

unless + positive = if not
Unless you study hard, you won't be successful. =
If you don't study hard, you won't be successful.

# data[].attributes.body
-to talk about unreal or hypothetical present for future situations.
If I had money I would help him.

-present or future situations that are not likely.
If I won an Olympic gold medal, I would be very famous.

IF + SIMPLE PAST, S + would/could/might + V1 + O

# data[].attributes.body
-imaginary situation that did not happen.
If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.

simple past -> third conditional

IF + HAD + V3 + S + would/could/might/have + V3

# data[].attributes.body
-when the person or thing that did the action is unknown, unimportant or not the focus of our interest.

Nancy bought a car yesterday.

A car was bought by Nancy yesterday.

Nancy -> subject
a car -> object

SUBJECT + V2 + OBJECT -> OBJECT + was/were V3 + (BY SUBJECT)

!!
by + him/her/them
by + somebody/someone/anybody
by+ people
!!

To ask the object:

Who + WAS + V3 + By Subject ?

To ask the subject:

Who + was/were + object + V3 + By ?
By Whom + was/were + object + V3 ?

# data[].attributes.body
-something is done by someone regularly.

The postman delivers our letters at 10 everyday.
Our letters are delivered by the postman at 10 everyday.

Henry invites me to Henry's party.
I am invited to Henry's party.

SUBJECT + V1(s) + OBJECT -> OBJECT + am/is/are + V3 + BY SUBJECT

# data[].attributes.body
-something be done by someone in the future.

Henry will buy a bike tomorrow.
A bike will be bought by Henry tomorrow.

Jason will paint the house next weekend.
The house will be painted by Jason next weekend.

SUBJECT + WILL V1 + OBJECT -> OBJECT + WILL BE V3 + BY SUBJECT

# data[].attributes.body
-something has been done by someone at sometime up to now.

Lily has knitted a sweater.
A sweater has been knitted by Lily.

Darren has mended the roof.
The roof has been mended by Darren.

SUBJECT + have/has + V3 + OBJECT -> OBJECT + have/has + BEEN V3 + BY SUBJECT