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There are 6 types of synovial joints- the hinge joint, the ball and socket joint, the gliding joint, the pivot joint, the saddle joint, and the ellipsoid joint. The hinge joint is found at the elbow, knee, and PIP/DIP and has 2 movements (flexion and extension). The Ball and Socket joint is found at the shoulder and hip and has 8 movements. The end of the bone sits in a socket of another bone and has quite a bit of movement.The Pivot joint is found at the radio ulnar joint and the C1-C2. A ring of bone rotates about a process of bone and movement is limited to rotation. The gliding joint is found in the wrist. At a gliding joint, two opposed flat surfaces of bone glide across one another. The saddle joint is found at the thumb and has two concave surfaces of bone that articulate around each other. Lastly, the ellipsoid joint is found at the wrist and has a form of a ball and socket joint but with limited rotation. I learned the bulk of this information from the notes we took in class and looking at the different bones. For the most part, I feel pretty confident with depicted different joints from one another.

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These are notes from class that helped me learn what the 6 types of synovial joints are.

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I learned through notes and a bone-identifying lab all different kinds of bones in the body. In the appendicular skeleton, there are the upper and lower appendages (which are your arms and legs). The appendicular skeleton consists of all the bones that are in your arms and legs. I feel confident in remembering the different bones in the limbs. In the arms there is the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. In the legs there is the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. In the skull, there are different bones such as the frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, occipital bone, madible, maxilla, and zygomatic bone. These bones are rigidly connected at sutures.

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This is a picture of the notes we took in class about leg bones which helped me to learn about the different bones in the body.

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I learned about the many different planes of the body. When put into an anatomical position, there is a median line which divides the body into left and right halves. The sagittal plane is a plane that is unequal in dividing the left and right parts of the body and is parallel to the median plane. The frontal, or coronal, plane divides the body into front and back. The transverse plane divides the body into an upper portion and a lower portion. When referring to parts of the body, I learned that there are different ways of explaining body parts in relation to others. We used a gummy bear lab to see how these anatomical positions help. I learned that the term superior is referring to a body part closer to the head. Inferior is a body part closer to the feet. Anterior is anything on the front of the body while posterior is anything on the front of the body. Medial is when the injury is closer to the median plane while lateral is when the injury is further away from the medial plane. Proximal is a term that only refers to limbs that are closer to the median plane while distal refers to limbs that are further away from the median plane.

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This is a picture of my gummy bar lab that we did in class which helped me to learn the different anatomical planes of the body and anatomical terms.

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This a picture of the notes we took in class about body planes and anatomical terms of the body which helped me to learn them

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Basic universal precautions before helping a victim are first assessing the scene. You must make sure a scene is safe before lending any help in case you are putting yourself at risk as well. Then, ask the victim if they are okay. It is important to make sure a victim needs help before touching them. Always put on gloves before touching a victim. When dealing with blood, dangerous pathogens could transfer to you if you are not wearing protective gloves. Lastly, wash your hands after dealing with the victim. Even if you are wearing gloves, germs or pathogens could still get on your hands so it is important to wash them well.

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I can perform first aid skills (splinting, bracing, blood control, taping)

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I can perform first aid skills (splinting, bracing, blood control, taping)

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In class we learned how to splint a shoulder and ankle immediately after an injury. We learned that you must wrap the injured area well enough so that as little as possible movement is allowed. If a victim is bleeding heavily, you must apply pressure and/or tie something above the injury so that the blood flow is slowed down. We practiced taping our wrists and fingers and learned that the taping must be tight enough to limit movement but also loose enough to ensure the blood flow is not cut off and is comfortable to play a sport in.

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I can recall the steps of activating EMS and chain of survival 

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I can recall the steps of activating EMS and chain of survival 

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When seeing a person passed out or needing help, you must first assess the scene and make sure it is safe. Once the scene is safe, you need to go up to the victim and ask if they are okay. If there is no response, you must check their pulse and see if they are breathing. If they do not have a pulse or breath, start CPR and tell someone to call 911. One cycle of CPR is 30 chest compressions right above the sternum and 2 breaths. If there is an AED, have someone get the AED and keep doing compressions while you wait for them to get back. If their is not AED, keep doing cycles of CPR until medical professionals arrive.

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I can summarize the function of skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the shoulder

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I can summarize the function of skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the shoulder

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The shoulder is composed of soft tissue, bones, and muscle. The soft tissue aids the bones in moving smoothly and allows the shoulder to function the way it does. The shoulder is able to extend, adduct, and extend. The active notes helped me learn the various muscles and bones in the shoulder and how they allow the body to move in the way it does. The muscles help to control the movement of the arm and the soft tissue helps keep the bones safe with movement.

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I can summarize the function of skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the knee

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I can summarize the function of skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the knee

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I learned that the knee is a hinge joint, and everyone's is structured a little differently. I learned about something called a Q-angle, which is the angle of your knee from your thigh. People with higher than average Q-angles typically get injured easier because of their anatomy. Usually, women have a higher Q-angle due to the width of their hips. We found our own Q-angles and mine came back as average.

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I can summarize the function of skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the ankle

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I can summarize the function of skeletal and soft tissue anatomy for the ankle

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I learned that everyone has different arch types for their feet. At the ankle, there is pronation, supination, eversion, and inversion. When people walk, they either have a neutral arch, pronation, or supination. Pronation is when your arch collapses inward. Supination is when your ankle turns outward. Neutral is the ideal situation where your ankle turns neither inward nor outward. After doing a walking lab, I learned that my arch collapses inward when I walk.

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I can critique movements that are associated with specific joints

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I can critique movements that are associated with specific joints

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I learned that different joints have different movements allowed at that joint. For an example, at the shoulder, (GH joint and scapulothoracic joint) there is adduction, extension, rotation, abduction, and flexion. The muscle anatomy SM1 notes we took helped me recognize these different movements. In the lower leg, there is dorsiflexion, extension, supination, and dorsiflexion at the feet. At the ankle, there is dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, extension, and inversion. At the knee there is flexion.

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1) I will carry my knowledge of CPR, wrapping ankles, arms, shoulders, and wrists with me as a professional. I will use these skills I learned to impact myself by knowing what to do in a situation where someone injures themselves. Personally, once when I was playing soccer and sprained my ankle, a girl on my team who had taken Sports Med knew exactly what to do to help me and even wrapped my ankle for me. I hope that I will be able to carry my skills with me the same way and be able to help someone like that. After taking the course, I have become much better at bone and muscle anatomy- knowing the different bones in the body and the muscles surrounding them.

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2) I have learned the emergency skills of CPR, using an AED, and how to stop bleeding. I will use these skills to help others in the case of emergencies by applying them if needed. I have become much better at giving CPR and learned a lot about stopping bleeding during this course. Before taking this course, I did not know how to stop bleeding if I was in a situation where I would need to help someone. Now, I would definitely know what to do and be able to help someone bleeding.

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3) I have mastered the knowledge of movement like how people's feet are structured differently. For example, some people's feet go inwards and it is considered pronation, while someone whose feet go outwards are considered supinators. I also learned about the Q-angle in the knee and how it can affect your legs. People with wider Q-angles are more prone to injury with sports, and typically women have higher Q-angles. Knowing this information, I know how to help myself and other people with choice of shoe and strengthening those areas to prevent injury.