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According to Thorton on colonialism“It is a matter of attitude and latitude, altitude and angle : and what is being looked at is power. Power itself, not its use”…It's been always because of power. This is the way that European Powers saw the African continent, being just a piece of cake or land that they could have completely control as if they were in a restaurant deciding which part they want. 
These decisions over Africa led to different social, political and economic concerns that still today, they have to struggle with .In order to mention one of these, the exploitation of resources such as gold, diamonds and the necessity of new markets made the European powers  establish colonies in Africa.
 In political terms, They wanted to expand their territories and increase their global influence and dominance in the world.
In conclusion, According to Thorton “ Being powerful, they have empires ; and having empires, they will want them to extend” they did not care about hollowing out Africa, they only wanted to extend and increase power and control. 

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Colonialism in Africa- Olivera Federico 

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Colonialism in Africa- Olivera Federico 

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The continent of Africa was controlled by the great powerful countries for plenty of years. Those countries were known as the imperialist, those who see themselves as "trustees of knowledge". This carried a positive view. On the contrary, colonialism was a synonym of exploiter. That means the non-powerful people. As Thorton says, colonialism is imperialism seen from below.

On this way, colonialist countries exploit the resources of Africa and their population, becoming their slaves. Also, their heritage and values as a African culture were tottally erased, because the colonialist imposed their European values. That was a way of colonised their minds.

Economically speaking, Africa was devastated because colonialist have steal all of the natural resources, and they have not economic development.

Later on, Africa reached independency in the 20th centur. However, the inqualities among all the countries and the economic inestability were the only legacy that colonialist have given to the African people.

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According to Thornton, colonialism “is imperialism seen from below. It is that view of the controllers which is held by the controlled.” Thornton’s view on colonialism aligns with the one of the Russians, since they both shine a light on the brutality of this process, the Soviet Dictionary for Foreign Words defines it as "the seizure of a country or region by imperialists, accompanied by the subjection, brutal exploitation, and sometimes annihilation of the local population." So, we can say that colonialism is a process in which a foreign power grows their territory and influence over another country or region by using brutal force and exploiting their resources.

Thornton also states that colonists see themselves as the trustees of civilization, and justify their actions by saying that they do it for the good of the regions they colonise, they see those people as savages who need to be educated. The aim of colonial education was to create good servants, which in turn would create more servants, by imposing their western values and beliefs on them. These servants would then be used to interpret the wishes and ideas of the rulers to the illiterate mass. By this imposition of western beliefs and culture, colonists seek to assert their superiority over their colonies, resulting in the eradication of local traditions, identity and culture.

The colonists abandoned Africa many years ago, but their actions have left the continent without identity or resources to build themselves back up.

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The main economic impact was the decolonization when European powers left the territory.

After the Second World War it was difficult for European powers to sustain the colonization, the colonists were free and Africa needed to reorganize their economy but the main problem was they didn't know how to do it.

and also the nations were separated because the purpose was divided into different ethnic groups, they assigned privileges to different groups while others were exploited, creating rivalries.

This short piece was written by Agustina Roldán

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To begin with, we may consider what we know as colonialism. Depending on the place and the people, the concept could be slightly different. But in the end, it is a process in which a powerful country and its people explode and steal the wealth resources of other country or countries.

How does this happen? Well, the strategy is to make the citizens, who will be explote, believe that they are going to be as wealthy as colonialists are. These last ones perceive those citizens as barbarians, they don’t care about their culture because they are only interested in controlling them in all the possible ways (social, political and economical).

So colonialist values, language and religion are imposed on them because they need to be educated.

As I said before, the colonialism concept could be different if we consider other points of view. To the exploiters, they are not doing anything wrong. They give “education” and “power” to certain barbarians because they need it. Of course the reality is not like that, there's a clear intention of control which succeeds due to the fact they do it in disguise. Thorthton expresses that colonialists leave when they are seen as invaders, they don’t want any negative connotations.

When this event occurs, people, who had been under control, found themselves lost due to the fact they don’t know what to do, how to continue, how to rule, they don’t have any resources, their whole system is broken.

In some cases, they prefer to take foreign traditions over their own as Anglo-Indians do because they feel comfortable with that. They found certainty and no loss.

Eventually, traditions were mixed and created a subculture.

Written by Anna Giuliano.

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For centuries, India was under the domination and exploitation of several European colonial powers, especially the British, who ruled for nearly two hundred years.The impact of colonialism in India can be seen in all aspects of life, from economics to culture and politics. One of the most devastating aspects was the plundering of natural resources and the exploitation of Indian labor to fuel the colonial economy. This led to deep socio-economic inequality and the dispossession of millions of people from their lands and resources.

Moreover,British rule influenced Indian culture, society and mentality, leading to an erosion of national and cultural identity.

Therefore, one of the most important consequences was the imposition of European cultural, social and educational norms which affected the Indian identity,this means that the British colonizers promoted their own language, English, as the main language of administration and education, relegating indigenous languages and dialects to the background.

Written by Maria del carmen Britos

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Social impact of the colonialism in India

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Social impact of the colonialism in India

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The social impact which the colonialism had in India was that the British left a loss of cultural identity. This was thanks to the 300 years Britain spent in India. Within that time, British imposed their culture and traditions, as well as their language. This resulted into a new social class called the “Anglo-Indians” who were part British and part Indian.

Moreover, the departure of the British caused India to split into two independent nation-states. In turn, they entered into a civil war which led to a genocide.

Written by: Victoria Castillo

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Colonialism in Africa stands as a stark testament to the exploitation of nations and the enduring legacy of its impact on economies, societies, and politics. For centuries, European powers carved up the continent, drawing arbitrary borders without regard for indigenous cultures or tribal territories.

Economically, colonialism was a plundering enterprise. European nations exploited Africa's vast resources, from gold and diamonds to rubber and timber, to fuel their own industrial revolutions. The extraction of these resources was often achieved through coercive labor practices, including forced labor and slavery, which decimated local communities and disrupted traditional economies.

Despite gaining independence in the mid-20th century, many African nations still grapple with the enduring legacy of colonialism. Economic disparities, social inequalities, and political instability persist, serving as constant reminders of the profound impact of colonial rule on the continent. Yet, amidst these challenges, there is resilience and a determination to forge a brighter future, one that honors Africa's rich cultural heritage and seeks to build a more equitable and prosperous society for all its people.

Aralda Florencia

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This picture is a clear example of the invasion that Europe made of Africa, which still lingers. European colonizers arrived in Africa and imposed their beliefs, policies, and traditions, justifying their exploitation of resources and annihilation of people by emphasizing the supposed benefits they brought to the African population.

Economic, political, and religious motives drove Europe to exploit Africa, as Europe was facing an economic depression, and countries such as Great Britain, France, and Germany were losing money.

Colonial powers exploited Africa's rich natural resources for their gain under the guise of "civilizing missions," promoting progress, development, modernization, civilization, and economic prosperity in the territories they colonized, often leaving local populations impoverished and dependent.

Sena, Camila

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What we see on the picture are two European looking men about to feed on the world. This image represents the insatiable gluttony of the European nations over the resources and peoples of the entire globe, the most notable example being Africa, which has been the region which suffered the most for their appetite. The men are using forks, knifes and swords to cut up the world, which can be interpreted as the use of imperialism and colonialism to subdue the nations in these territories.

Colonialism has profound ramifications in these nations; it can be translated as the loss of cultural traditions and languages, as well as the imposition of foreign cultural views and religion, they are “assimilated” in way by their colonialist rulers. The exploitation of natural resources can be seen as the “meat” which the colonialist nations feed upon and it frequently meant the mistreatment of the peoples who were seen as free labor force or proxies to reassure their domain.

This image also makes reference to the relatively modern global consensus among different nations and ideological systems about the immoral implications of imperialism. Imperialism is seen as an outdated practice, analogous to feudalism; in which a powerful nation subjects a weaker one, just to satisfy their expansionist desires.

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The impact of colonialism is clear when it comes to Indian history. From being a powerful and rich country to having it all siphoned out by the British Empire and the way they left a lack of identity and a division between its people greater than ever when they retired in the process of decolonization and India’s independence, William Dalrymple mentions in his text "The Great Divide" that the British Empire used tactics such as "divide-and-rule" to try to push different ethnicities in India to fight each other. This is one of the reasons for the Partition of India, but not the only one.

The Partition was also emphasized by the politicians fighting for or against it at the time. At the front of the Muslim League were Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and Mohandas Gandhi and Jawahralal Nehru, prominent leaders of the Congress Party, mostly dominated by Hindus. They were strong leaders with opposite points of view who also fought not only in a political landscape but also personally. For instance, Jinnah was booed off a Congress Party stage when he insisted on calling his rival “Mr. Gandhi” instead of his spiritual title Mahatma. And Nehru thought that Jinnah represented “an obvious example of utter lack of civilized mind,” and Gandhi called him a “maniac” and “an evil genius”.

These politicians represented their parties, which had most things in common but maybe ethnicity or religion. India was a country where people respected, for the most part, the religion of the other and coincided with each other until politicians started to make incendiary comments and speeches provoking a further division and hatred for each other.

By that time, the British Empire had to expedite their exit, since they realized they had lost the last vestiges of power amongst religious massacres and riots. After meeting with Jinnah, Lord Louis Mountbatten worried that if he didn’t move quickly, Britain might end up “refereeing a civil war” and persuaded all the parties that Partition was the only option available.

The British pushed for the division of India from the beginning, at first trying to get a country that was more docile and easily exploitable, but at the end, when their plans went out of control, they fled, leaving a country separated in two.

Written by Santiago Tobías Papa

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India was a very powerful and rich state in South Asia but after Power States colonized it everything began to change.

The establishment of the British Empire in the region transformed India´s economic, social and political areas as well as it promoted the division of its population.

Britains ruled the country, imposing their language, customs, culture and traditions whith the only aim of increasing their own economy as well as with the idea of having a strategic place in the continent.

This colonization provoked poverty, malnutrition, economic exploitation, education for selected people, civil wars, rivalries which were induced for the implementation of the divide and rule policy, causing riots between Hindus and Muslims in an effort to reduce the risks during their time in power in India, leaving it devastated. This was one of the great human tragedies of the twentieth century.

British rule in the colony came to an end in 1947, with the Independence Act.

Finally India was divided into two independent nation states: central India assigned to the Hindus and Pakistan assigned to the Muslims.

After the decolonization, India suffered a loss of identity and a new social class was brought about, the Anglo - Indians, people who neither feel British nor completely Indian.

Colonialism deprives a society of freedom, leaving them disoriented and whitout identity.

This short piece was written by Nora Lía Mattano

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African people were dehumanized by European colonizers. They were reduced to slaves and there were no choices. Since their first approach by the Portuguese in 1480, Europe sought to rule Africa. Not only were they interested for economic and political reasons, but also religious. This triggered a perpetual issue for African people such as economic exploitation, cultural disruption and political subjugation.

The Scramble for Africa caused that African nations were not seen as free countries, but as main sources of enrichment.

Europeans savaged Africans, despite the fact that European people often despicted Africans as savages. They proclaimmed to be their saviours and state they were civilizing them. Europeans upheld that "they were doing that for their own good.".(Noam Chomsky. Colonialism in 10 minutes: The Scramble for Africa).

This short piece was written by Agustín Herrera.

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The next text was written by Mateo Campolo

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Colonialism impacts in Africa - Mateo Campolo 

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Colonialism impacts in Africa - Mateo Campolo 

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The concept of colonialism is a crucial part when one explores the history of Africa.

Due to the European colonizers, many African states and nations have suffered from social, economic and political impacts.

Colonization significantly affected Africa. It disrupted indigenous societies, exploited resources for European gain, and imposed artificial borders and governance structures. These legacies continue to shape Africa´s development and governance, highlighting the need for inclusive growth and reconciliation.

This short piece was written by Mateo Campolo

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Colonialism- Reading Check- Group Work  or Individual Work- COMISIÓN  6PM

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Colonialism- Reading Check- Group Work  or Individual Work- COMISIÓN  6PM

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Use all the information gathered from the images posted in the virtual classroom, the videos, the article by Thornton and the short stories. Write a short piece about the social, economic or political impact of colonialism in Africa or in India. Remember that you can include a photo to support your point. If you prefer to work on your own, please go ahead.

Write the names and surnames of the group members/or your name and surname in case you choose to do it by yourself.

Remember to acknowledge the source/s if you use quotes to back up your arguments.

DEADLINE: May 12th