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drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots of gas shells dropping softly behind

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drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots of gas shells dropping softly behind

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illustrates how the soldiers are so tired and desensitised to war that they have become numb to things they would have once found shocking. the soldiers remove themselves from their emotions ignorer to stay alive and protect themselves

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The overall tone of the poem is a tone of sadness and despair, a very negative one. The main tone in stanza one is a depressed, run down and fatigued tone, which is followed through most of the poem, and shown throughout the description and use of adjectives. Stanza two’s tone employs a more fearful and anxious tone as they are attacked, as seen through the use of exclamation marks and the description. The baby stanza, stanza three, is a combination of both tones from stanza one and stanza two as it shows the aftermath of both events, which can be implied through “in all my dreams" and what follows, especially 'plunges'.Stanza three almost has an accusing, critical or disappointed tone as the narrator attacks those who glorify war for those remaining at home and the next generation of soldiers, seen nicely in the line, “you would not tell with such high zest”.

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Soundscape is used to create a particular effect on the readers

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Its an overwhelming feeling of happiness, but in context it's displaying how the soldiers go through a period time of heighten emotion to help them stay alert in circumstances, and transform back into emotionless humans after the quick fade.

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The poem provides a perspective from a soldier watching someone die in first person. The poem's narrator discusses how he was haunted by the sights he saw in the war, and how he has suffered in the aftermath. ("In all my dreams before my helpless sights he plunges at me.")

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Figurative language such as:
Alliteration "fumbling Fitting"

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explores the perspective of men at war and the ideal of patriotism. From the perspective of a soldier, the poem communicates how one would not view the war so highly if they had only experienced it as he had. It highlights that the propaganda of the time heavily contradicts the realities of war and that it is no adventure for 'glory'.

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Enjambment is used to create a flow in the poem and create a waterfall effect to provide the reader with more possibilities on what is happening

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central themes and ideas of patriarchy and harsh realities are explored in dulce et decorum.

The text explores the expectation that soldiers will put their own lives in jeopardy for the safety of their country, the statement  dulce et decorum est pro patria mori, which translates to it is sweet and proper to die for ones country, Is disputed by the author, who claims that it is an old lie.

the text also explores the harsh realities of war and the toll it takes on the soldiers. the realities of war are often tainted by the patriarchy and romanticism that the government insinuates. it is often to late when the soldiers realise the full truth.

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The poem 'Dulce et Decorum est' addresses the higher ups about life on the battlefield, it tells the story about surviving on the battlefield and how these individuals aren't living. It ends with how the lie was spread about how war is an adventure, with Owens stating that that is a lie.
'Men marched asleep'- surviving not living
'The old lie, Dulce et Decorum est'- protesting propaganda

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Caesura is used to break down the pace emphasising the effects of war

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young men who thought that war was an adventure and change their perception on war itself. this is shown through his explanation on what occured during his time in war and how it impacted him mentally

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Free verse structure with an abab rhyming scheme

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Dolce et Decorum est explores the idea of government capitalising on lies and falsehoods of the truth of war. it also explores the idea that it is good to die for war however Owen rejects this idea through his last two lines in the ending stanza.
"The old Lie: Dulce et Decorum est
Pro patria mori."

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The focus of this poem is on the exhausted and beaten soldiers who have experienced this severe trauma on the battlefield.

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Rhiannan and Gabriella

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This poem leads readers through a retrospective analysis of the battlefield with beaten soldiers struggling to survive in a world of horror. The clumsy and broken nature of the men trudging through the warzone is exemplified as they are forced to live, let alone fight, in an existence marred by constant brutality. This is all explored in great detail to be contrasted against the "old Lie" the men were told to encourage them to involve themselves in this situation - namely that it is sweet and proper to die for one's country, though it is apparent that their lives on the battlefield are a fate worse than death.

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to contradict the "old lie" that it is sweet and proper to die for ones country