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Special personality drive camera improvements

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Special personality drive camera improvements

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Factors that facilitated/obstructed the development of camera

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Factors that facilitated/obstructed the development of camera

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Factors that facilitated/obstructed the development of camera

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Factors that facilitated/obstructed the development of camera

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Camera's evolutionary history of "SCAMPER"

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Camera's evolutionary history of "SCAMPER"

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Silverman, K. (1993). What is a Camera?, or: History in the Field of Vision. Discourse, 15(3), 3-56.

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Rouch, J. (1975). The camera and man. Principles of visual anthropology, 1.

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https://historythings.com/the-history-of-the-camera/

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The camera's history can be traced back to the Middle Ages with the first pinhole camera. A physicist by the name of Alhazen discovered the idea of Camera Obscura, which led him to the creation of the first pinhole camera. Camera Obscura, in short, is reproducing an image with color and perspective preserved.

In 1816, inventor Nicéphore Niépce began to experiment with photography, although at the time he called it heliography. Niépce used light to create an almost photographic image of nature from his office window. He experimented with different materials to print the image on, including bitumen and pewter. The process began by Niépce placing an engraving onto the material of his choice. He would then expose it to light which would react to different chemicals that were coated on the plate, this would then create an image. The process took around eight hours and would fade away depending on the material used. However, this image could be considered the first photographic image.

In 1839, Louis Daguerre, the former partner of Niépce, created a practical photographic process with a daguerreotype. This process consisted of Daguerre taking a silver plated sheet that was made of copper and coated with silver iodide. When exposed to light this material would produce an image; this development is the first of many to point us towards the invention of the camera.

An amazing discovery by Richard Leach Maddox created the first gelatin dry plate. This invention created the first "instantaneous" picture which rendered tripods unnecessary. This invention began the birth of hand held cameras becasue large bulky cameras were no longer needed to produce an image.

Then, in 1885, George Eastman began to produce and manufacture paper film. Later Eastman created the Kodak camera, which was similar the one pictured above. The box consisted of a fixed focus lens and one single shutter speed. The camera was equipped with enough film for 100 pictures and required Kodak to process the photographs and reload the film at the end of each roll. These cameras were priced surprisingly low and this invention was the beginning mass marketed photography.

In 1913 Oskar Barnack began to research the possibility of inventing a smaller camera that anyone could use. The Leica camera began to be commercialized after World War 1, and they eventually developed second model called the Leica 1. Many of the camera manufacturers at the time followed this example and began to produce more compact cameras to sell to the public. Over the years, cameras began to shrink in size and become more sophisticated. In 1948, Polaroid came out with an unconventional camera for the time, which is commonly known as the first instant-picture camera. By the 1960's, Polaroid cameras were considered the most popular cameras at the time.

The first digital camera was developed in 1988, but was never sold to the public. It wasn't until 1991 that Kodak released the Kodak DCS, which was their first in a long line of digital cameras. The production and development of digital cameras has continued to increase over the years. Interestingly enough, despite the move from digital cameras to smartphone cameras, there has been a rise in popularity of Polaroid film cameras.

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The camera's history can be traced back to the Middle Ages with the first pinhole camera. A physicist by the name of Alhazen discovered the idea of Camera Obscura, which led him to the creation of the first pinhole camera. Camera Obscura, in short, is reproducing an image with color and perspective preserved.

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https://historycooperative.org/first-camera-the-history-of-cameras/

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The First Camera Ever Made: A History of Cameras

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The history of cameras is not defined by slow-moving evolution. Rather, it was a series of world-changing discoveries and inventions followed by the rest of the world catching up. The first camera to take a permanent photograph was invented a hundred years before the portable camera was available to…

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https://www.nfi.edu/when-was-the-camera-invented/

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When Was The Camera Invented? Everything You Need To Know - NFI

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Nowadays, having a great camera on your smartphone and being able to “catch the experience” at all times is regarded as entirely usual, but this was not the case ten years ago.

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Zhang, Z.: A flexible new technique for camera calibration. IEEE Trans. Pattern 🤬. Mach. Intell. (PAMI) 22(11), 1330–1334 (2000)

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A film coated with a layer of dry gelatin was invented in 1878.

Prior to this, photographic negatives were wet films. In 1879, Eastman invented another milk coating machine and began to mass-produce dry flakes.
In 1881, Eastman founded the Eastman Dry Board Manufacturing Company, which was the predecessor of Kodak; in 1886, Eastman developed a roll-type photosensitive film, and a new camera was also successfully developed in the same year.
On March 14, 1932, Eastman shot himself at his home.

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until 1988, photography costs $5(balck and white) usd each time. The spool of camera is very expensive and camera is not popular.

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Not invented for money, only focus on invention

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Not invented for money, only focus on invention

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He succeeded and did not apply patented for the invention process. he had been persuaded to publish his findings in 1871, He did not sell his finding and died in poverty.

>>Pringle wrote: "Whatever Dr Maddox has done for science has been without hope of recompense, and without attempt to turn his discoveries to pecuniary profit".

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After noticing that the vapors of wet collodion (ether) had adverse effects on his health. he tried to solve it

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While Kodak become the most successful comany, he shot himself due to illness on March 14, 1932. He left his last words: "My work is done, why wait for death?".

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Fully committed (bad for family and lover)

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Fully committed (bad for family and lover)

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Missed a date with his girlfriend and the relationship fell through.

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Invent his own camera
Daytime go to work and doing experiments in the kitchen at night. If he get tired of doing the experiment, just sleep on the blanket on the stove floor and continue working once he wake up.

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Able to notice the problem and try to solve it

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Able to notice the problem and try to solve it

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Facing difficulties:
The camera is the size of a microwave oven, the wet sheet of camera is heavier than the water tank and costs $5 usd each time.

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Special personality drive camera improvements

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Special personality drive camera improvements

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Take over the rule of documenting the truth

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Take over the rule of documenting the truth

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Before photography, one of the purposes of art was to reproduce reality. After the birth of photography, the quality of replicating reality was monopolized by photography, become popular.

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Evaluation of camera || Camera technology ||

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Forty years later, adequately panchromatic plates and films had made excellent colour reproduction after various evaluation.

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Original  concept and thought-experiment - Thomas Sutton 

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Original  concept and thought-experiment - Thomas Sutton 

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Thomas Sutton took three separate black-and-white photographs of a multicoloured ribbon, with blue green and red filter. Using three projectors equipped with similar filters, the three photographs were projected superimposed on a screen. The photographic materials available to Sutton were mainly sensitive to blue light, barely sensitive to green and practically insensitive to red, so the result was only a partial success.

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Taken by Sutton in 1861 using the method proposed by James Clerk Maxwell. The principle of reproducing a full range of colour by three-colour analysis and synthesis is based on the nature of human colour vision and underlies nearly all practical chemical and electronic colour imaging technologies.

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Produced the fist colour photograph.

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2nd cycle

Design purpose: find ways to permanent the image formed

Plan: focus on photosensitive material

Create: Use bitumen of Judea which used by artists as an acid-resistant coating on copper plates for making etchings. During experiments he found that the bitumen coating became less soluble after it had been left exposed to light.

Niépce dissolved bitumen in lavender oil, a solvent often used in varnishes, and thinly coated it onto a lithographic stone or a sheet of metal or glass.

Result: After the coating had dried, a test subject, typically an engraving printed on paper, was laid over the surface in close contact and the two were put out in direct sunlight. After sufficient exposure, the solvent could be used to rinse away only the unhardened bitumen that had been shielded from light by lines or dark areas in the test subject. The parts of the surface thus laid bare could then be etched with acid, or the remaining bitumen could serve as the water-repellent material in lithographic printing.

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1st cycle

Design purpose: more easily and effectively way to capture image rather than drawing

Plan: investigate material that capture image

Create: capture small camera images on paper coated with silver chloride

Evaluate:

Image successfully captures, yet results were negatives, dark where they should be light and vice versa

Could find no way to stop them from darkening all over when brought into the light for viewing

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Released the first mirrorless camera
(A type of camera that works without a reflex mirror)

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digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR)

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digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR)

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Revealed a prototype for the first Digital Single-Lens Reflex Camera

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The Rolleiflex design that Franke and Heidecke produced in the late 1920s was improved upon with essentially only two innovations after its introduction: the technology of the lens and shutter of the earliest examples were improved of course, yet the addition of an exposure meter, either automatic, coupled or uncoupled.

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The inventor of Twin-reflex camera

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Released in 1925

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The inventor of 35mm film camera

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The inventor of roll film camera and Kodak camera

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A gelatin dry plate that produced instantaneous exposures
(Functioning as a sort of precursor to the Polaroid cameras of the twentieth century)

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The inventor of instantaneous exposures

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Lee Ka Ying 11291379
Yeung Hon Wah 11290600
Choi Ho Kwan 11331375
Lau Kong Nam 11396777

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The problem with Daguerre’s camera system was that images faded quickly. This was remedied by American inventor Alexander S. Wolcott, who created what became known as the mirror camera. This camera produced a positive image instead of a negative one with reversed colors.

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The inventor of the mirror camera

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an improved stereoscope and became the first portable 3D-viewing device

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The inventor of  Brewster stereoscope and binocular camera.

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The first camera that was able to take a panoramic image. The lenses were able to rotate 110 degrees to 360 degrees to get a quality image of the landscape.

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The inventor of the first panoramic camera, called the Megaskop-Kamera.

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The inventor of the world's first all-metal camera

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The world's first real camera: a portable wooden box camera.

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The method of developing the exposed silver salt coating surface by using mercury vapor. The exposure time for this method of photography is about 30 minutes, which is considerably shorter than that of Nicéphore Niépce. After the improvement, the exposure time is further shortened, and portrait photos can be taken.

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The world's first live-action photo, "Out the Window", was taken in 1826 by Nicéphore Niépce in France after 13 years of repeated experiments. He placed an ash board coated with a photosensitive asphalt layer in the camera obscura, fixed the camera obscura in the window of his studio, exposed it for 8 hours, and then washed it with lavender oil to obtain the first photograph of human photography.

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Inventor of the concept of photography

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The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography
(Only the ideas, no finished product)

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Proposed a design called a handheld reflex camera in 1685.

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The founder of Camera Obscura

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A leaf with a tiny hole is perhaps the most primitive form of pinhole camera, it has been used by artists as an aid to painting since the 15th century.

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The inventor of Daguerreotype