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A for and against essay about the internet

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Look at the essay and do the exercises to improve your writing skills.

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Look at the essay and do the exercises to improve your writing skills.

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Liveworksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher.

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Liveworksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher.

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Defining relative clauses - who, which, that, where

Exercise 3

Combine the sentences using the relative pronouns who, which, that, where.

EXAMPLE: These are the friends. I met them in Denmark. ⇒ These are the friends who I met in Denmark.

Defining relative clauses

We use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about.

Who, which, where

We use who for people.

He met the police officer who saved his life.

We use which for things and animals.

He put on the suit which he wore for special occasions.

We use where for places.

This is the hotel where we spent our honeymoon.

That

We can use that instead of who or which. But we often use who for people and which/ that for things.

He's the neighbour who/ that helped us to move out.

Change the cable which/ that connects the computer to the printer.

Be careful with these common mistakes!

We cannot use what or an expression like that he/she/etc. instead of that, who, etc..

That's the student what I told you about.

That's the student that/ who I told you about.

That's the man he tried to steal my wallet.

That's the man that/ who tried to steal my wallet.

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Defining relative clauses - who, which, that, where - Page 3 of 3 - Test-English

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Defining relative clauses. Use of the relative pronouns who, which, where, that. English grammar and exercises. Gap-filling and multiple choice exercises.

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Defining relative clauses - who, which, that, where

Exercise 2

Choose the correct relative pronouns to complete the defining relative clauses below.

Defining relative clauses

We use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about.

Who, which, where

We use who for people.

He met the police officer who saved his life.

We use which for things and animals.

He put on the suit which he wore for special occasions.

We use where for places.

This is the hotel where we spent our honeymoon.

That

We can use that instead of who or which. But we often use who for people and which/ that for things.

He's the neighbour who/ that helped us to move out.

Change the cable which/ that connects the computer to the printer.

Be careful with these common mistakes!

We cannot use what or an expression like that he/she/etc. instead of that, who, etc..

That's the student what I told you about.

That's the student that/ who I told you about.

That's the man he tried to steal my wallet.

That's the man that/ who tried to steal my wallet.

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Our Books

Test-English is delighted to announce our new pdf books.

Learn more!

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Defining relative clauses - who, which, that, where - Page 2 of 3 - Test-English

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Defining relative clauses. Use of the relative pronouns who, which, where, that. English grammar and exercises. Gap-filling and multiple choice exercises.

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Defining relative clauses - who, which, that, where

Exercise 1

Choose the correct relative pronouns to complete the following defining relative clauses.

Defining relative clauses

We use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about.

Who, which, where

We use who for people.

He met the police officer who saved his life.

We use which for things and animals.

He put on the suit which he wore for special occasions.

We use where for places.

This is the hotel where we spent our honeymoon.

That

We can use that instead of who or which. But we often use who for people and which/ that for things.

He's the neighbour who /that helped us to move out.

Change the cable which /that connects the computer to the printer.

Be careful with these common mistakes!

We cannot use * what or an expression like * that he/she etc. in this type of relative clauses.

That's the student that /who I told you about. (NOT the student what I told you about)

That's the man that /who tried to steal my wallet. (NOT the man that he tried to steal my wallet.)

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

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Personalized English Lessons

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Defining relative clauses – who, which, that, where - Test-English

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Defining relative clauses. Use of the relative pronouns who, which, where, that. English grammar and exercises. Gap-filling and multiple choice exercises.

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While the internet brings a wealth of information, it can distract and even harm us and the people we love. These internet safety tips for kids-along with the ability to track their devices and searches with Norton Family-can help make their time on the internet safer.
Kids have more information at their fingertips than ever before. Tablets, laptops, and smartphones are commonly used for gaming, social media, and even schoolwork. These devices aren't going away-neither are the cybercriminals who want to scam, damage, and steal from normal people. That's why families should have regular conversations about internet safety.

Living in a connected world doesn't have to be terrifying. The bad guys may be smart, but you and your kids can be smarter. Use these internet safety tips and the internet safety checklist to keep your whole family safer online.

What is internet safety for kids, and why is it important?

Internet safety is the act of staying safe online. It means being aware of the risks associated with your online activity and employing strategies to prevent, reduce, or avoid them.

The federal government has laws, like the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), to protect kids when online. COPPA applies to children younger than 13 and requires websites and games to explain their privacy policies and get parental consent before collecting or using a child's personal information.

Internet safety rules for kids (and the rest of the family)

There are many Cyber Safety tips parents should know, but digital safety doesn't stop there. Every family member has to play their part in creating a cyber-safe household.

Even if you already know this information, kids are becoming digital citizens at a young age, whether they're learning virtually, watching videos, or playing games. So, it's never too early to acquaint them with internet safety.

1. Know the dangers of the internet

When it comes to cybersecurity, kids are often one of your family's weakest links, because they usually don't understand the dangers of the internet. While you don't need to get into all of the specifics of online predators, teaching them to recognize the sources of malware and avoid suspicious activity are important first steps to keeping them safe.

Because recognizing danger is an ongoing process, encourage them to ask for help if something seems unusual. If they know you're there, they may be more likely to seek you out when they have questions.

Bonus tip: Don't try to cram every possible danger of the internet into a single conversation. Instead, as your kids earn more freedom online, expand your discussion to include things to look out for specifically related to new privileges.

2. Protect your identity

People make themselves vulnerable to identity theft by disclosing personal information online because they believe they have nothing to lose. Scammers can trick people into disclosing their Social Security number and other details that they can use to commit identity theft. A child's identity can have as much value as an adult's identity.

Remind children not to reveal too much information about themselves, especially their:

3. Choose strong passwords

Passwords are the primary defense against hackers. Yet many people reuse the same password for multiple accounts and use passwords that are easy to remember and therefore also easy to guess.

Teach your kids to create a hack-proof password by never using common words, phrases, or personal information like a phone number or family members' names. Teach them to create a combination of at least 12 characters, including:

Uppercase and lowercase letters

Numbers

Symbols

Bonus tip: Setting up a shared password manager can help you and your kids create and store better passwords safely.

4. Do not engage with strangers

Offline, you've probably already introduced the idea to your kids that strangers can be potentially dangerous. Remind them strangers are on the internet, too.

It's important to teach children at a young age to be cautious online and tell an adult if someone they don't know communicates with them or makes them uncomfortable.

5. Keep your social media accounts private

Social media can also attract cyber snoops and identity thieves. Keep all social media accounts private and only add people that you know. Some other social media best practices for kids include:

Never meeting in person anyone they met online.

Telling an adult if a stranger is messaging them.

Not taking social media quizzes-they can be a form of phishing.

6. Be careful what you post

Teaching your kids to be careful about what they post doesn't have to be difficult. By explaining that some people would use information for their own gain or that it could hurt other people's feelings, you can help them understand the importance of thinking twice before posting.

Additional internet safety for teens and older kids

Although many teens are more tech-savvy than their parents, that doesn't mean they have the right decision-making skills or access to tools that can help protect them online. Help keep your tweens and teens Cyber Safe by introducing them to the following internet safety tips.

7. Shop online only from secure sites

Whether teens are allowed to shop online is up to their parents. However, teens listening to this guidance is another story. Teach your teen how to recognize secure websites and shop safely online by:

Checking for an SSL certificate: Secure URLs should have "https://" at the beginning.

Navigating directly to online stores: Use a search engine, but don't click on links in texts or emails.

8. Use a password manager

Bolster your password protection with a password manager, which can remember unique passwords for all your accounts. Best of all, you only need to remember one password with a password manager.

For parents, a password manager also lets you monitor your kids' accounts, especially if you're worried about what they're doing online.

9. Don't overshare

Everyone needs to know how much sharing is too much. Posting without considering the consequences could cause big problems in the real world.

For example:

A driver's license or a travel itinerary shared online could be valuable to identity thieves or burglars.

Personal or inappropriate photos can attract online predators.

Inappropriate posts and pictures could affect future educational or employment opportunities.

10. Go private on public Wi-Fi

There are many risks of connecting to public Wi-Fi networks. Hackers and cybercriminals consider public Wi-Fi, common at malls and coffee shops, an easy access point to getting hold of your data.

For this reason, always use a VPN when connecting to public Wi-Fi. Don't have a VPN? Try to hold off on browsing the internet until you are home.

11. Close unused accounts

Unused accounts can be a rich source of personal information for cybercriminals. Even if the information seems old or outdated, it could be valuable in the hands of a scammer-they can use it to log in and steal information from other sites you use. They may even be able to use that information to create a synthetic identity to scam others. If you think you won't be revisiting the site, close the account.

12. Watch out for phishing

You may be sophisticated enough to know not to click on a URL that looks like it's from your bank or a friend, but are your kids? Teaching your kids about the different kinds of phishing scams and warning them not to click on URLs in an email or social network message can help reduce the likelihood of identity theft.

13. Keep privacy settings on

Web browsers, mobile operating systems, and social media channels all have settings to protect your privacy. Still, it's up to you to adjust them to fit your family's needs.

Play it safe and keep privacy settings on. Parents should adjust kids' devices accordingly, set up safe search for kids on browsers, and teach teens how to keep the settings on and set them up properly.

More internet safety tips for the whole family

Even if you're a very savvy and safety-conscious parent, it doesn't hurt to review your safety practices and learn new ways of protecting yourself online. When you have better habits, you can teach your children to have better habits.

14. Be careful what you download

With more than a billion websites worldwide, it's no secret that some have malicious intent. A malicious website is a site that attempts to install malware on your device, meaning anything that will disrupt computer operation, gather your personal information, or allow unauthorized access to your machine.

This usually requires some action, but there are also drive-by downloads where a website tries installing software on your computer without asking for permission.

15. Keep devices updated

With so much going on every day, it's easy not to notice when there's a new version of an app or operating system ready to be installed on your computer, tablet, or phone. Software updates and patches are one of the first-and best-lines of defense against hacking and malware.

Set up automatic updates on your family's devices to prevent hackers from exploiting security flaws.

Bonus tip: Regularly check everyone's devices for updates, review permissions, and ensure other safety features are still in place.

16. Spend time online together

Hold family members accountable for their internet safety practices and support one another when someone faces a precarious online situation. As parents, that means monitoring your kids' behavior and showing interest in what they're doing so you can educate them on whether they're safe.

Keep things transparent by:

Placing desktop computers in a common area.

Discouraging kids from playing with tablets in their rooms.

Bonus tip: Spend time online together by having an online family game night.

Internet safety tips for parents

There are some computer safety tools and best practices that your kids simply don't need to worry about. Review these online safety tips to ensure your home is Cyber Safe.

17. Understand privacy policies

Privacy policies may not be private. With more websites and applications collecting information and using it for advertising and marketing purposes, make sure your family knows the value of online privacy.

Many apps have privacy policies that disclose that they collect and share their users' information. Kids and many adults often accept these policies without reading them. Even if you're on a private browser and limited sharing, nothing is really private.

18. Confirm what's needed for schoolwork with teachers

Everyone wants the latest tablets and smartphones, but it's important to verify what your kids will need for their schoolwork. Check with their teachers to ensure you're buying devices compatible with what they'll be using at school.

19. Check permissions

Different apps and devices prioritize safety differently, which is why checking permissions settings is so important. Much like privacy policies, permissions settings can open you and your children up to a slew of security risks if not managed properly.

For maximum security:

Disable location tracking by default.

Don't share metadata with developers.

Don't let apps access or make changes to online profiles.

Don't let apps use microphones and cameras by default.

Limit what virtual assistants can do.

20. Back up data regularly

Ransomware is a type of malware cybercriminals use to lock your computer so you can't access your files, including private photos or tax information. One of the best ways to combat the threat of ransomware is to back up your data regularly. Back up your kids' devices and teach your teens to do the same.

Bonus tip: The FBI recommends not paying to have your data unlocked. Paying them could compromise your financial data, and there's also no guarantee that the criminal will unlock your ransomed files.

21. Keep your internet connection secure

Because most of your family might use the internet and each person may have connected devices, it should be no surprise that hackers also want access to your home Wi-Fi network.

Cybercriminals can hack home routers and gain access to various internet-connected devices like home security systems and smart doorbells. Make sure your home Wi-Fi system has:

Hard-to-crack passwords.

Cybersecurity software that identifies "intruders" on your network.

A VPN to ensure your internet connection is secure.

22. Know how to manage location data

While it's important to be able to use your kids' devices to track their location, other apps don't need to have access to that information. Check the settings on the apps your family uses and turn off location services when they aren't necessary.

Removing geodata and other metadata from photos can help protect your privacy, too. When you or a family member gets a new device, make sure that you've turned off these settings for safer photo sharing.

23. Secure smart home devices

From camera doorbells to refrigerators and app-controlled thermostats, it can feel like almost everything in your home is online. The features and convenience these smart home devices provide are great, but your privacy and comfort could be at risk.

Keep these devices updated, and consider disconnecting them from the internet if you aren't using connected features.

24. Monitor online activities

Monitoring your kids offline is stressful enough. Thankfully, there are cybersecurity tools to help you monitor their online activities. Install cybersecurity software with parental controls on your kids' devices to:

Block certain features on apps.

Track their location.

Back up their data.

Manage their screen time.

25. Use 2FA for added security

Two-factor authentication (2FA) adds another layer of protection that passwords alone can't provide. An account with 2FA will send a code through a text or an authenticator app to ensure that the person trying to log in is the real account owner.

If you or your kids store or access sensitive information on your devices (banking apps, for example), turn on 2FA.

Bonus tip: Have 2FA requests sent to your devices to track what your kids are logging into and how frequently.

26. Install a comprehensive cybersecurity suite

To help ensure your family members don't click on suspicious links or visit dangerous sites, install a comprehensive Cyber Safety solution that protects all your family members and their devices.

Your child's mobile devices need as much protection as desktops, laptops, and other connected devices, so choose software that can help protect all of them.

27. When in doubt, call support

The best security software programs offer 24/7 support. If you have any suspicion you've been hacked, call for help. If you think somebody infected your device with malware, spyware, or ransomware, get help from a professional. A good security suite will have experts to help you resolve your problem.

28. Limit screen time and distractions

As great as it can be to have the internet at your fingers, it shouldn't be the focus of your kid's lives. By helping them learn to strike a balance between family time and device time, you can limit how distracted they are at critical times. Norton Family has built-in controls to help you manage how much time your kids spend on their devices.

Get help protecting every member of your family

While the internet comes with risks, there are many valuable things online. Virtual learning opportunities, apps that simplify everyday tasks, and messaging platforms that keep us in touch with loved ones are just a few of the ways that lives can be enriched by the internet.

A cybersecurity solution like Norton Family can keep your kids safer by monitoring their activity, helping to protect their devices, and limiting screen time, distractions, and access to unsafe content.

FAQs about internet safety for kids

Have more questions about keeping your family safe online? We have answers.

How do I teach my child internet safety?

Teach your kids about internet safety like you teach them about real-world safety. Explain the potential dangers they face online and how people could try to steal information from them or get them to engage in risky behaviors. Clearly outline your rules, expectations, and consequences if they don't follow those guidelines.

How should parents monitor what kids are on?

The easiest way to monitor your children's online behavior is through a comprehensive cybersecurity suite with parental tools. Look for solutions that allow you to monitor everything from screen time to sites visited. These tools should also allow you to block certain activities and sites.

Should you look through your child's phone?

That's up to you. Checking their phone can help you see if they are doing unsafe things, but it could lead to fights or a lack of trust. Setting clear rules and explaining how you will monitor your child's activity to ensure their safety can help them understand why you are looking at their devices.

How do I limit my child's internet time?

Many devices have parental controls that let you limit how much time your child spends online. Some security software, like Norton Family, offers these tools.

Emma McGowan is a privacy advocate & managing editor at Gen, formerly a freelance writer for outlets like Buzzfeed & Mashable. She enjoys reading, sewing, & her cats Dwight & Poe.

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Best tips for better internet safety for kids and families - Norton

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Help your kids navigate the digital world safely. Our guide offers internet safety tips for kids and families to create good cybersecurity habits for life.

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For the safety and enjoyment of all visitors to the Singapore Botanic Gardens, and the protection and conservation of our greenery, please observe the Parks and Trees Act (Cap. 216) and the Parks and Trees Regulations (Cap. 216, RG), in particular:

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Making a Hotel Reservation by Phone | English hotel conversation

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An excellent subscription plan for learning the usual English phases for booking a room, checking in, checking out, dealing with hotel problems, room service, extending your stay, talking to the staff at the reception desk, and so on. Includes dialogues and exercises, all with professional audio recordings of native speakers from the UK, US and Canada. "

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Booking a hotel room: Role-play exercise 2:

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Practical English, Hotel, Booking a hotel room, Role-play exercise 2

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Experiences (Have you ever...?) – A2 English listening test

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Let's Learn English Lesson 48: Have You Ever...?

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Questions with: HAVE YOU EVER...? ( Present Perfect Use /2)

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The present perfect with 'just', 'already' and 'yet' - 6 Minute Grammar

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'just', 'yet', 'still' and 'already' | LearnEnglish

https://elt.oup.com/student/result/engpreint/a_grammar/unit10/10b_1

https://elt.oup.com/student/result/engpreint/a_grammar/unit10/10b_2

https://www.liveworksheets.com/jr3060495mi

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Ольга Лыхина

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Practice Speaking & Reading Out Loud With This English Shadowing Exercise

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English in 3 minutes (Pre-Intermediate) - Grammar: Present Perfect with JUST, ALREADY and YET 1

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Spin the wheel - Spin the wheel to see which item comes up next.

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Make a list of daily activities

First, you need to think about your daily activities. You can make a list of everyday activities: wake up/get up, brush my teeth, have/eat breakfast (or have something FOR breakfast), have a shower, get dressed, go to work/shool, get to work/school, check my emails, check my social media, work ON my computer, have lessons, have/eat lunch, finish work, go home, get home, walk my dog, do my homework, surf the internet, go running, go to the gym, have/eat dinner, read, watch TV, go to bed.

Note that we say go/get home (NOT go/get to home), and we say go/get to school, go/get to work and go to bed (NOT go to the school/work/bed)

You can learn the different ways to use the verb go here.

Write present simple sentences

When we talk about routines or habits, we use the present simple. So we can write present simple sentences using the verbs in our list of activities: I have a shower. I brush my teeth. I have coffee and toast for breakfast. Etc.

Use adverbs of frequency

If we use some adverbs of frequency in our sentences, our text will be better. For example, I usually have coffee and toast for breakfast, but sometimes I don't have breakfast.

Use connectors and time expressions

Connectors

Now we should add connectors in our text, such as and, or, but, because, so.
For example, imagine we have these two sentences: I get up at 7.30. I brush my teeth. They sound like a list. So we can use and to put the two sentences together: I get up at 7:30 and I brush my teeth.

Time expressions

In addition, you should use time words to connect the different sentences. Some time words are:

After that, ...

After breakfast/work/school/dinner

In the morning/afternoon/evening, ...

At (time), ...

Then, ...

Next, ...

... and then ...

When I ...

... from (time) to (time)

Look at this text:
I get up at 7:30 and I brush my teeth. I have a shower and get dressed. I have breakfast and prepare my lunch. I drive to work.
Now look at the same text with time expressions:
I get up at 7:00 and I brush my teeth. I have a shower and get dressed. Then, I have breakfast and I prepare my lunch. Next, I drive to work.
The second paragraph sounds much better.

Write three paragraphs

We can organise the sentences into three paragraphs:

Paragraph 1: My morning activities

Paragraph 2: Activities during the day

Paragraph 3: Evening activities

Example:
I get up at 7:00 and I brush my teeth. After that, I have a shower and get dressed. Then, I have breakfast and I prepare my lunch. Next, I drive to work. When I get to work at 8:30, I usually check my emails and work on the computer. At 1:00, I have lunch with my co-workers. After that, we work until 5:30 and then I go home. I get home at around 6. After work, I usually go running or I read. Then I make my lunch. I usually have a salad and some fruit, but on Fridays, I often eat pizza. Next, I watch some TV and I go to bed.

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Writing about my daily routine - Test-English

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First, you need to think about your daily activities. You can make a list of everyday activities: wake up/get up, brush my teeth, have/eat breakfast (or have something FOR breakfast), have a shower, get dressed, go to work/shool, get to work/school, check my emails, check my social media, work ON my computer, have lessons, have/eat lunch, finish work, go home, get home, walk my dog, do my homework, surf the internet, go running, go to the gym, have/eat dinner, read, watch TV, go to bed.

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Exercises on Present Perfect Tense

Past tense and Present Perfect

ESL Blues HOW LONG HAVE YOU KNOWN / DID YOU KNOW, etc.

https://elt.oup.com/student/grammarfriends/level05/tests/test2

Past or Present Perfect Tense - Simple form - Interactive Grammar Exercises

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The Second Conditional in English grammar is used to talk about unreal or imaginary situations in the present or future. It is often used to express desires, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios. The structure of the Second Conditional is: if + past simple, would (or could/might) + base form of the verb. In these exercises, you will practice using the Second Conditional by completing fill-in-the-blank sentences. Remember to pay attention to the structure and the correct verb forms. Good luck and have fun with these grammar exercises!

Exercise 1: Second Conditional Sentences

Exercise 2: Second Conditional Sentences - Part 2

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Second Conditional Exercises For English Grammar - TalkPal

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The Second Conditional in English grammar is used to talk about unreal or imaginary situations in the present or future. It is often used to express desires, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios. The structure of the Second Conditional is: if + past simple, would (or could/might) + base form of the verb.

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Quality ESL grammar worksheets, quizzes and games - from A to Z - for teachers & learners SECOND CONDITIONAL

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Second conditional - Grammar chart

If clause and main clause

We use if + past to talk about an imaginary present or future situation (although the verb is in past, the meaning is present or future). And we use would + infinitive to talk about the result or consequence of that imaginary situation.

Comma

When the ifclause comes first, we normally put a comma after it. We don't use a comma when the main clause comes first and the if clause comes second.

Would

Would/wouldn't is the same for all persons.

I/you/he/she/it/we/they would/wouldn't do that if it was possible.

Could

We can often use could + infinitive instead of would + infinitive in the main clause.

In the second conditional we can use if I/he/she/it were (more formal) instead of if I/he/she/it was (spoken English).

But we use were (NOT was) when we give advice with the expression if I were you.

First conditional vs second conditional

We use the first conditional to talk about possible future situations and we use the second conditional to talk about hypothetical or imaginary future situations.

If I don't have a meeting tomorrow morning, I'll have lunch with you. (It's possible. Maybe I don't have a meeting.)

If I didn't have a meeting tomorrow morning, I'd have lunch with you. (It's hypothetical. I have a meeting tomorrow, so I won't be able to have lunch with you.)

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Second conditional. We use the second conditional to talk about imaginary present or future situations. A2. Pre-intermediate English grammar and exercises.

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Focus 3 /2nd Edition/ Unit 3 Lesson 8 Video 14 RPV Scene

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Focus 3 /2nd Edition/ Unit 3 Lesson 8 Video 14 RPV Scene

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Much, many, little, few, some, any - quantifiers

Exercise 1

Choose much, many, little, few, some, any to complete each sentence.

Much, many, little, few, some, any - Grammar chart

Many/much

Many for countable, much for uncountable in (?) (-)

We use many before plural (countable) nouns and much before uncountable nouns. We use them in negative sentences and questions. We don't normally use them in affirmative sentences.

Too much/too many

Note that we don't normally use much/ many in affirmative sentences, but we can use too much and too many in affirmative sentences.

How much/how many

We use how many and how much to ask about quantity.

A lot of/lots of

Before both countable and uncountable

We use a lot of or lots of (more informal) before both plural (countable) and uncountable nouns. We normally use them in positive sentences.

Of before noun; no of at the end of sentence

We must always use a lot of or lots of including of before a noun. However, we can use the expressions a lot or lots (without of) at the end of a sentence.

(A) few/(a) little/a bit of

Few for countable; little for uncountable

We use (a) few before plural (countable) nouns and (a) little or a bit of (more informal) before uncountable nouns.

Few or a few? little or a little?

A few means 'some but not many; enough', and a little means 'some but not much; enough' .

Few/little mean 'almost none; not enough'.

Normally, the difference between a few/little (WITH a) and few/little (WITHOUT a) is that a few/little is positive in meaning, and few/little is negative. Compare:

'Do you speak English?' 'No, I speak very little English.' (=Negative)

'Do you speak English?' 'Yes, I speak a little English.' (=Positive)

Some/any

Some in (+); any in (?) (-)

We use some in affirmative sentences and any in negative sentences and questions.

With both countable (plural) and uncountable

Both some and any can be used before countable and uncountable nouns. But if we use them before a countable noun, the noun must be in the plural form.

Are there any students in the classroom? (NOT Is there any student in the classroom?)

Some for offers and requests

We use some (NOT any) in interrogative sentences when we are offering or requesting (=asking for) something.

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Much, many, little, few, some, any - quantifiers - Test-English

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Much, many, little, few, some, any. Quantifiers. A2. Pre-intermediate English grammar and exercises. Learn how to use quantifiers in English.