# data[].attributes.body
Will higher water vapour amount in a warmer atmosphere increase atmospheric density significantly or is this effect tiny?

# data[].attributes.body
Is there any different responses to amoc in 2 models at different warming levels causing northern and southern hemisphere differences?

# data[].attributes.body
In the second model is there more CO2 take-up by the land/ocean?

# data[].attributes.body
What do you think drives the big warming/cooling difference between N and S hemispheres at high warming levels?

# data[].attributes.body
Is there Kelvin Helmholtz instability in the shear layer above convective updrafts observed?

# data[].attributes.body
Do you explicitly provide land cover and orography/DEM data to your model or is this implicit in the training data?

# data[].attributes.body
Is there data available that would allow you to test the model on a whole year? Or would this require generation of more training data?

# data[].attributes.body
How did your model compare to (simple) statistical benchmarks?

# data[].attributes.body
Have you checked downscaled results for winds? I have seen attempts to do this for TCs (25km->5km) which have been very unsuccessful.

# data[].attributes.body
Why do warmer temperatures mean more noise?

# data[].attributes.body
Would reduction of 10 passengers make flights unviable economically under current pricing models?

# data[].attributes.body
Why does warmer temperatures mean longer takeoff distances?

# data[].attributes.body
Do antarctic cyclones have similar effects?

# data[].attributes.body
Even with Xe model conc is still almost order of mag too small. What are the reasons for this?

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What dispersion model are you using?

# data[].attributes.body
Is there any evidence to suggest that a rapid ice loss event affects the cyclones?

# data[].attributes.body
From Trustworthy Octopus:why do you think nudged experiments demonstrate that stratospheric skill might not lead to better tropospheric forecasts if the two are not allowed to interact properly? Clearly the law of compensating errors applies to nudging as much as anything else?

# data[].attributes.body
Does the introduction of the new processes in the sea ice model introduce many new unknown parameters to the model, if so, do you need to tune them?

# data[].attributes.body
From Gentle Oyster: How does melting affect the energy budget?

# data[].attributes.body
Do you to assume characteristic shape of floes as well as size spectrum?

# data[].attributes.body
Is the impact of the nudging dependent on the lengthscale (i.e. nudging towards a zonal mean)?

# data[].attributes.body
Why do you expect SSW to be followed by NAO-?

# data[].attributes.body
Do the principles discussed apply to clouds in general, or only to fog?

# data[].attributes.body
Can a difference is charge in fog be detected in granite areas like Devon where there are much higher radon emissions?

# data[].attributes.body
Does your model consider air quality (either indoor or outdoor?)

# data[].attributes.body
Some of the surface types seemed to recognize the presence of cloud much more strongly than the others. Why so?

# data[].attributes.body
Why is the model performance for the roof surface so much better than other surfaces?

# data[].attributes.body
To what extent was the previous year important for drought since 2024 was wet and I think 1975 also dry?

# data[].attributes.body
Laura: beside 1976 there was another drier year in 2000s. In 1976 there weren't any satellite data in ERA5. Satellite data have been integrated from 1979. So for 2000s there will be. Are you planning to investigate that particular year as well?

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What would you say to people (usually older climate deniers) who argue we downplay how bad 1976 was in favour of more modern extremes?

# data[].attributes.body
Extent to which drought effects felt in 2025 (even when average precip) due to failing and inadequate water infrastructure? Possible to quantify this? E.g. m3 of reservoir capacity/capita

# data[].attributes.body
To what extent are hydroclimatic projections dependent on atmospheric circulation change in the region?

# data[].attributes.body
Does it require a lot of manual labour to reinstate these older flood measures

# data[].attributes.body
Does the length of time someone has been in the department impact their perception of research culture?

# data[].attributes.headline
Please post questions to the Short Talks 2 session here.

# data[].attributes.subject
Please post questions to the Short Talks 2 session here.

# data[].attributes.body
Will the final survey results be shared later on?

# data[].attributes.body
Is the per-person carbon budget in effect? It's unfair and asymmetrical, but I haven't heard anything about it in a year.

# data[].attributes.body
What opportunities are there for phd students to do work to do with impact not directly related to papers? (Related to survey question)

# data[].attributes.body
Do any of these (such as REF) apply to visiting researchers?

# data[].attributes.body
RDL diversity has taken a dip! Good talk though

# data[].attributes.body
What does KE mean in the research culture list?

# data[].attributes.headline
Please post questions here for the RDLs...

# data[].attributes.subject
Please post questions here for the RDLs...

# data[].attributes.body
What do you see as the biggest opportunities for DA methodologies coming from the machine learning community?

# data[].attributes.body
Is it possible to see any increase in turbulence incidences in the records for the last few decades and does this fit with the predictions?

# data[].attributes.body
What does your new cost function do above rather than spread data smoothly?

# data[].attributes.body
To Joana：What theory supports that the resolution of climate models can be used to diagnose CAT

# data[].attributes.body
How has the development of aircraft since the 1960s affected the appropriateness of the hazard metrics being used?

# data[].attributes.body
Over which regions are you expecting wind shear to increase and stability to decrease the most?

# data[].attributes.body
How do you test that the risk of turbulence indicated by model diagnostics is a reliable estimate?

# data[].attributes.body
Why is there hysteresis of ice sheet around Antarctica?

# data[].attributes.body
Why do those regions in paticular see such vegetation increases?

# data[].attributes.body
Why is there a UFO on the Away Day logo?

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Andrea - is there a pattern in which land cover type is being replaced by the increase in broad leaf tree coverage?

# data[].attributes.subject
Andrea - is there a pattern in which land cover type is being replaced by the increase in broad leaf tree coverage?

# data[].attributes.body
Could the vegetation effect at high GWL be due to carbon concentrations? Or just temperature?

# data[].attributes.body
How consistent is UKESM post net zero CO2 emissions climate responses with other models?

# data[].attributes.body
What is the uncertainty in the broadleaf vegetation response? This strikes me as something that might be very different between models (but am not an expert!)

# data[].attributes.headline
Andrea: How long do the vegetation changes take to stabilise in these runs?

# data[].attributes.subject
Andrea: How long do the vegetation changes take to stabilise in these runs?

# data[].attributes.body
Strongest trend in Southern Ocean: is this connected to there being high uncertainty in tas in this region (v. sparse obs)

# data[].attributes.body
How do you account for representation uncertainty in your comparison between the point observations (hygrometer) and satellite data?

# data[].attributes.body
Why are satellite retrievals biased at 150 hPa and how do you know the in situ measurements are reliable?

# data[].attributes.body
The tropopause occurs at different heights in 300-100hpa range. Does this present an issue for bias correction in this range and is the correction spatially dependent?

# data[].attributes.headline
Hao: what is the mean residence time for WV in the UTLS? What processes is it sensitive to?

# data[].attributes.subject
Hao: what is the mean residence time for WV in the UTLS? What processes is it sensitive to?

# data[].attributes.body
As Site Lead do you get to wear a hard hat and hi viz?

# data[].attributes.body
Why are you nudging to the initial state (rather than the normal method of nudging the deep ocean to observed climatology)

# data[].attributes.body
Are you nudging all the prognostic variables?

# data[].attributes.body
What might be the reason for the differences in the ENSO response between model & reanalysis?

# data[].attributes.body
I love the ocean modelling schematic. Where does the painting of the ocean come from?

# data[].attributes.body
Can you conclusively say whether the El Nino effect is direct on the GHA precip or always modified by the Indian Ocean from your findings?

# data[].attributes.body
Is there a limitation on the number of large scale factors you can consider and still get robust results?

# data[].attributes.headline
Fiona: how do you compel the latent space in your VAE to represent real physical states?

# data[].attributes.subject
Fiona: how do you compel the latent space in your VAE to represent real physical states?

# data[].attributes.body
How can observations best be combined with the modelling to understand responses to aerosol decline?

# data[].attributes.headline
Fiona: How impactful are these short rains in the Greater Horn of Africa?

# data[].attributes.subject
Fiona: How impactful are these short rains in the Greater Horn of Africa?

# data[].attributes.headline
Ambrogio: How does the cooling modify the stability structure of the atmosphere and the likelihood of the SJ leading to strong surface winds/gusts?

# data[].attributes.subject
Ambrogio: How does the cooling modify the stability structure of the atmosphere and the likelihood of the SJ leading to strong surface winds/gusts?

# data[].attributes.body
Is there a theory which determines the spacing of the banding?

# data[].attributes.headline
Ambrogio: how did you compute the PV budget uncertainties? How much of that comes from parameterisation schemes?

# data[].attributes.subject
Ambrogio: how did you compute the PV budget uncertainties? How much of that comes from parameterisation schemes?

# data[].attributes.body
Laura W.: Is the emission reduction connected with Covid breakdown?

# data[].attributes.body
Is there any other seasonal disease outbreak investigation other than Meningococcal meningitis outbreak ?

# data[].attributes.body
Do you explicitly increase the confidence in your forecasts based on the driver configuration?

# data[].attributes.body
Presumably your users have a variety of tolerances between Type 1 and Type 2 errors. How do you address that, beyond the traffic light gradation?

# data[].attributes.headline
What kind of resistance/obstacles (if any!) came from the African partners in these projects? How did you overcome them?

# data[].attributes.subject
What kind of resistance/obstacles (if any!) came from the African partners in these projects? How did you overcome them?

# data[].attributes.body
Why hot dry dusty = meningitis?

# data[].attributes.headline
How do you deal with communicating forecast uncertainty to your users?

# data[].attributes.subject
How do you deal with communicating forecast uncertainty to your users?