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In conclusion, these three themes can and do affect this community at a huge rate. The laws we create allow certain human interactions that can be harmful. If we create a safety system that people trust and don’t feel judged by, we can effectively detect when people are in dangerous situations and act accordingly.

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Health systems and social service systems implement what choices people can make. For example, in 2020 Stay-at-home mandates were connected to domestic abuse rates showing drastic increases. Victims were unable to apply the change they needed for the health and well-being of the community.

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3.

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Government legalizes and implements health and safety measures. (Krouskop, 2023) This is essential because they allow and regulate how the social interactions of DV victims and abusers go. If we make laws that support and advocate for the health and safety of victims, such as Oregon’s mandatory arrest laws, we can see true social change.

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2.

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Public safety alternatives such as CAHOOTS advocate health care for everyone; especially those in fear of financial burden. In non-violent or psychological circumstances, this service can really benefit and give DV victims the ability to reach out.

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1.

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Health, Safety, and the State is the social change influence that impacts this community the most.

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PHASE 3 & 3 THEMES:

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My community: DV Survivor Defenders

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Enviornmental

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Cultural

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Historical

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Social movements have influenced the change in laws due to popular demand and newly developed norms in society.

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The DA's office prosecutors have lobbied in support of many laws that protect and empower DV survivors.

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Social movements such as the feminist movement have influenced policies and legislature that give women power and control over their own lives.

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Social Movements & the Environment:

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Abusers belonging to faiths that emphasize marriage may manipulate the esteem for a religious union to pressure the victim into staying in the relationship to preserve the religious community's respect. (nnedv.org, 2018)

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In the context of social change, religion has been instrumental in their recovery from domestic violence. Their religious communities offered emotional comfort, a sense of belonging, security, and practical assistance.

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Religion & Social Change:

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social change steps

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Abstract

This article examines how domestic violence impacts the lives and education of young children, children, and young people and how they can be supported within the education system. Schools are often the service in closest and longest contact with a child living with domestic violence; teachers can play a vital role in helping families access welfare services. In the wake of high profile cases of child abuse and neglect, concerns have been raised about the effectiveness of multi-agency responses to children living with abuse. In the United Kingdom, the case of 4-year-old Daniel Pelka who died in 2012 following abuse and starvation by his mother, who experienced domestic violence, and her partner, led to a serious case review. It found recording systems in Daniel's school were not used consistently, and details held by different agencies were not collated to enable the formation of a coherent assessment. The lack of integrated working cited in the report echoes findings from previous serious case reviews. A strong correlation exists between domestic abuse and child abuse, with approximately half of all domestic violence situations involving direct child abuse. Children can also be affected indirectly by violence occurring in their home by seeing or hearing it taking place. This article examines the impact of domestic violence on the mental health of children, and the impact on their education. Violence in children's lives often causes disruption to their schooling and harms the quality of their educational experiences and outcomes. The abuse children experience can result in emotional trauma, physical and psychological barriers to learning, and disruptive behavior in school, while the underlying causes of these problems remain hidden. Knowing when and how to seek advice from multi-agency professionals is an essential part of effective practice among school staff. Despite their vital role in identifying signs of abuse and signposting referral pathways, research indicates teachers often lack confidence and knowledge for such work. The article examines how the professional learning and professional confidence of teachers can be developed, and how recent policy and practice developments in the United Kingdom have the potential to influence work in this area.

Keywords: children; domestic violence; early childhood; education; multi-agency working; schools; teachers; young people.

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national center for biotechnology information

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Domestic Violence and Education: Examining the Impact of Domestic Violence on Young Children, Children, and Young People and the Potential Role of Schools - PubMed

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This article examines how domestic violence impacts the lives and education of young children, children, and young people and how they can be supported within the education system. Schools are often the service in closest and longest contact with a child living with domestic violence; teachers can p ...

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Domestic violence education teaches individuals how to identify the major signs of abuse within their own lives and that of those close to them.

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This institution creates a more educated public. Some survivors of domestic violence find solace in school and work so that they may escape their traumas.

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Education: Divides & Possibilities

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Siefman Law LLC | Portland Criminal Defense Attorneys

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The crime of domestic violence is a troubling one. On the one hand, the State of Oregon has a duty to take the issue of domestic violence very seriously. After all, legitimate acts of domestic violence not only harm the victim, they can also cause tangential harm to other members of the family who witness the acts, most especially children.

On the other hand, by its very nature, domestic violence is also a crime that lends itself to false accusation. In the heat of an argument, in order to gain a temporary upper hand, one party to a relationship may be tempted to accuse the other of a violent act or to having threatened a violent act. This is not to say that legitimate domestic violence does not occur. Unfortunately, it does with alarming regularity. This is only to point out that false accusations can and do occur.

Oregon has defined "domestic violence" as abuse between family or household members. Under the law, family and household members include:

Spouses

Former spouses

Adult persons related by blood or marriage

Persons who have cohabitating with each other or have been involved in a sexually intimate relationship

Unmarried parents of a minor child

The state has also determined that domestic violence is a widely distributed problem. In September of 2012, the Oregon Legislative Committee released a brief which contained some troubling statistics:

One in ten women in Oregon between the ages of 20 - 55 have said that their current or most recent sexual partner had physically or sexually assaulted them in the preceding five years.

One in three Oregon women between the ages of 20 - 55 said that they experienced physical or sexual abuse at the hands of their current or most recent sexual partner in the past year.

One in three Oregon women who experienced physical assault at the hands of a partner said that a child witnessed the act.

One in five Oregon women who experienced sexual assault at the hands of a partner said that a child witnessed the sexual act.

Faced with statistics like these, the State of Oregon errs on the side of caution when it comes to allegations of domestic violence. In an effort to protect the victims of legitimate domestic violence, the state takes all allegations of violence between family members very seriously. So seriously that individuals who are accused of domestic violence are often surprised to see how sternly the authorities treat the charges. Even when there is evidence of a false accusation, prosecutors are often loathe to let a domestic violence case go.

Mandatory Arrests In Oregon Domestic Violence Cases

All domestic violence charges can result in serious consequences. Jail or prison time may be a possibility. A restraining order will be served to eliminate all contact between the parties involved, as well as their children. This nearly always results in the accused party being forced to leave their home. A conviction on domestic violence charges will also result in the accused party being prohibited from owning any firearms.

However, nothing demonstrates Oregon's strong stance against domestic violence like the domestic violence mandatory arrest law. In any domestic violence investigation, the police are nearly always required to make an arrest. If one party has an injury, the other party will be arrested. If one party says they were threatened with violence, the other party will be arrested, even when no injuries are apparent. An arrest will even be made in a situation where the party who is injured doesn't want to press charges.

Now, when we're talking about arrest, we're not talking about sitting in the back of a squad car while an officer writes you a ticket. We're talking about a real arrest for a serious crime. You will be handcuffed. You will be taken to jail, and you will be fingerprinted and booked. There is no other outcome.

Therefore, if you are involved in a domestic violence situation, the less you say, the better. If your partner claims that you committed an act of domestic violence, you are going to be arrested. Anything you say to the police will not change this result. All that will happen is that your words will potentially be used against you in court. It is better to remain silent and speak only to a criminal defense attorney who has experience handling domestic violence cases.

Typical Domestic Violence Charges in Oregon

If you've been arrested for domestic violence in Oregon, you will typically face one or more of the following criminal charges:

Assault II (felony)

Intentionally or knowingly causing serious physical injury to another, intentionally or knowingly causing physical injury to another by means of a deadly or dangerous weapon or recklessly causing serious physical injury to another by means of a deadly or dangerous weapon under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life;

Assault III (felony)

Recklessly causing serious physical injury to another by means of a deadly or dangerous weapon, recklessly causing serious physical injury to another under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life, or recklessly causing physical injury to another by means of a deadly or dangerous weapon under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life;

Assault IV (misdemeanor)

Intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causing injury to another;

Assault IV (felony)

Committing a misdemeanor assault in front of minor children or committing a misdemeanor assault against someone who you have previously been convicted of assaulting in the past;

Strangulation (misdemeanor)

Intentionally or knowingly impeding the breathing or circulation of another by the application of pressure to the neck;

Harassment (misdemeanor)

Intentionally subjecting another to annoying or harassing physical contact which did not result in injury;

Menacing (misdemeanor)

Intentionally placing another person in fear of serious physical injury;

Interference With Making a Report (misdemeanor)

Removing, damaging or interfering with a telephone line, telephone or similar communication equipment, intentionally preventing or hindering another person from making a report to a law enforcement agency, a law enforcement official or an agency charged with the duty of taking public safety reports or from making an emergency call; and

Coercion (felony)

Threatening another person with physical violence in order to keep them from doing something they are entitled to do or to make them do something they don't want to do.

Contact An Experience Domestic Violence Defense Attorney Today

The lawyers at Siefman Law LLC understand Oregon's domestic violence laws. They know how seriously the State takes domestic violence charges. Our lawyers have the experience that is necessary to protect your rights and your freedom. We will examine the facts of your case and work diligently to prepare a defense that will result in the best possible outcome for your case. Don't take the domestic violence charges against you lightly. Contact us today for a free and confidential consultation.

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Oregon Domestic Violence Mandatory Arrest Law

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The crime of domestic violence is a troubling one. On the one hand, the State of Oregon has a duty to take the issue of domestic violence very seriously. After all, legitimate acts of domestic violence not only harm the victim, they can also cause tangential harm to other members...

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In Oregon by law, a police officer must arrest a suspect and take them to jail if the officer believes more likely than not that an assault has occurred to family members or intimate partners or that the suspect has placed their family member or intimate partner in fear of imminent serious physical injury.

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Health, Safety, & State:

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By focusing on money alone, many other critical factors are left on the sidelines. When neglected, human-centered issues can negatively affect any organization and even society at large.

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Under capitalism. our only means of achieving quality wellbeing and happiness is through money and/or making money for others.

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Too many countries are prioritizing capitalism over the well-being of the people. The inequality GNH is trying to address is the downsides to many economic systems rooted in economic expansion.

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GNH v. GDP:

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Capitalism: Meeting human needs cuts into profit. In a system based on private ownership of means of production the only issue is cost and not to the well-being of its citizens. In the context of social change, some studies suggest that economic factors such as poverty and unemployment can increase the likelihood of DV.

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Economy and Social Change:

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"I was sent to be married because of a shortage of food in the house" - Ntoya Sande

Natural disasters exasperated by climate change such as droughts, food shortages, or even pandemics lead to an increase in violence against girls and women all over the world. Read article to learn more.

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UN Climate Change News, 25 November 2019 - The International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, which is a mainstay of the UN calendar, has assumed a new dimension with the challenges presented by climate change.

With the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on Global Warming of 1.5ºC predicting an increase in natural disasters and the subsequent devastation in communities around the world, gender-based violence risks becoming an even bigger problem if it is not properly tackled.

Unfortunately, violence against women and girls is deep-rooted in our societies and the international observance serves as a symbol of resistance as well as a call to action to eliminate gendered physical, economic and psychological violence. The 2019 theme is 'Orange the World: Generation Equality Stands Against Rape.'

Climate change is recognized as a serious aggravator of gender-based violence. Around the world, climate change-induced crises have also been shown to worsen domestic violence, whether in relation to sexual and reproductive health or discrimination against indigenous communities.

Violence against women is not limited to developing countries. Research conducted into natural disasters, such as bushfires and droughts, in one developed country found that they have increased the risk of domestic violence in rural regions. One of the reasons for this is the social and psychological pressure arising from loss of income resulting from the growing impact of climate change on the agricultural sector.

It is also an issue that goes beyond domestic gender-based violence. A report by CARE found that "in most disasters, women and girls are worst affected". The report highlights that one out of five women who are refugees or who have been displaced because of a natural disaster has experienced sexual violence.

Climate action is therefore an essential component in the ongoing fight to eliminate violence against women and girls. The world also needs greater involvement of women in climate action, for example by putting an emphasis on gender mainstreaming in the policymaking process.

Tackling the issue of violence against women and girls is an important step towards achieving the core objective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is to leave no one behind. This aligns with the need for gender equality and gender mainstreaming.

UN Climate Change continues to be a driving force in supporting gender equality in its process, through the Gender Action Plan (GAP) and the Lima work programme on gender (LWGP). The GAP and the LWGP are both set to be reviewed this year at the upcoming UN Climate Change Conference COP25 in Madrid.

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Climate Change Increases the Risk of Violence Against Women | UNFCCC

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UN Climate Change News, 25 November 2019 - The International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, which is a mainstay of the UN calendar, has assumed a new dimension with the challenges presented by climate change.

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In this study, it was found that children who received the severest physical discipline were more likely to perpetrate violence in intimate adult relationships.

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Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections

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This post is the first in a series exploring the history of nursing and domestic violence from the guest blogger Catherine Jacquet, and Assistant Professor of History and Women's and Gender Studies at Louisiana State University and guest curator of NLM's exhibition Confronting Violence: Improving Women's Lives.
During the early 1970s, domestic violence remained largely unrecognized and virtually ignored in the legal, medical, and social spheres. Indeed, family violence in general was largely dismissed at this time. For its first thirty years of publication from 1939 to 1969, for example, The Journal of Marriage and Family did not include "violence" in its index. During the 1960s, scholars and social service providers were only beginning to recognize child abuse as a major social problem, while the scholarship and literature on wife abuse was, as one researcher later described, "virtually nonexistent." The little scholarship that did exist on violence against wives, mostly found in journals of psychiatry, was overtly hostile, suggesting that women provoked their own abuse. The same researcher commented that the "prevailing attitude in the sixties" was that spouse abuse "was rare, and when it did occur, was the product of mental illness or a psychological disorder." In addition, there were no reliable statistics on the rates of incidence of this understudied problem and no legal or medical protocols for how to effectively respond.

Culturally, woman battering was deemed a "private matter" and one not worth intervening into. Police and medical practitioners alike were reluctant to intervene into "private affairs," or what was then deemed "matters between a husband and his wife." By all accounts, wife abuse was also an accepted custom and often regarded with humor. This was reflected in an early 1970s ad for a Michigan bowling alley. "HAVE SOME FUN," the copy read in bold letters, "BEAT YOUR WIFE TONIGHT."

There were few services available for abused women in crisis. While there were shelters or temporary housing for those categorized as homeless or displaced, an understanding of "abused woman" as a separate category of person who sought shelter or support services did not yet exist. Battered women found themselves with little to no social support and no place to go. In 1973 Los Angeles, for example, homeless shelters provided 1000 beds for men, and only 30 beds for women.

Over the course of the next decade, the interest in domestic violence would shift from virtual neglect to a significant social concern. This shift was the direct result of 1970s feminist activism. Organizing under the banner of "we will not be beaten," grassroots feminist activists and formerly battered women launched a nationwide campaign in the mid-1970s to expose domestic violence against women, provide shelter and support, and demand radical change from law, medicine, and society.
Learn more about why NLM is hosting this important exhibition, and read about the traveling banner exhibition in The Washington Post
The battered women's movement, as it was called, exposed the failures of the law, medicine, and society at large in responding to the 2-4 million women who were beaten in their homes annually. A massive outpouring of feminist activism and service provision for battered women in the mid-1970s quickly caught the attention of government officials, law enforcement, social workers, and other non-explicitly feminist professionals. By the end of the decade, many groups took on the work of the battered women's movement.

As a result of widespread feminist agitation, understandings and responses to battered women rapidly changed. As feminist activist Susan Schechter recalled in her account of the battered women's movement, by the early 1980s, "in contrast to just one decade earlier, battered women are no longer invisible." Between 1975 and 1978, more than 170 battered women's shelters opened across the country. In 1978, the US Commission on Civil Rights named over 300 shelters, hotlines, and groups advocating for abused women. In the span of less than a decade, significant gains were made. A researcher in the early 1980s found that the battered woman's movement had made substantial headway in terms of providing emergency shelter, legislation reform, establishing or extending government policy and programs, and stimulating a proliferation of research and public information on domestic violence. Noticeably absent from this list was medical reform. Indeed, while an outburst of activity came from the government, law, research, and social service agencies, the medical establishment remained conspicuously absent from the conversation.

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This post is the first in a series exploring the history of nursing and domestic violence from the guest blogger Catherine Jacquet, and Assistant Professor of History and Women's and Gender Studies at Louisiana State University and guest curator of NLM's exhibition Confronting Violence: Improving Women's Lives.

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I assist the DA's office in advocating for domestic violence survivors.