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In 1972, during the Munich Olympic Games, a Palestinian group called Black September carried out a terrorist attack. Eight members of the group infiltrated the Olympic Village and entered two apartments being used by the Israeli team. They took nine Israeli athletes and coaches hostage, demanding the release of 234 Palestinians jailed in Israel. Despite a failed rescue attempt by German police, negotiations ultimately broke down and the terrorists killed 11 Israelis and a West German police officer. The aftermath led to further retaliation and violence between Israel and those suspected of planning the attack.

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On February 26, 1993, a terrorist attack occurred in the parking garage beneath the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan. The explosion killed six people, injured more than a thousand, and caused significant damage. The FBI and the New York Joint Terrorism Task Force launched an investigation and identified key evidence: a rented van reported stolen the day before the attack, which belonged to an Islamic fundamentalist named Mohammad Salameh. The investigation led to the capture and sentencing of Salameh and three other suspects. However, the mastermind of the attack, Ramzi Yousef, remained on the run and continued planning more attacks. Yousef was eventually captured and convicted along with the van driver, Eyad Ismoil. Yousef later revealed that he had intended for the bomb to topple one tower and bring down the other. The attack was a deadly dress rehearsal for the 9/11 attacks, which were carried out by al Qaeda with the help of Yousef's uncle, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.

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A bombing by the IRA in London on April 24, 1993. The bomb was hidden in a truck and contained about a ton of fertilizer. The explosion killed one person, injured over 40, and caused extensive damage to buildings, including a medieval church and an underground station. The cost of repairing the damage was estimated at over one billion dollars. The IRA claimed responsibility for the bombing, which was part of the organization's protests against British control over Northern Ireland.

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The activities of Aum Shinrikyo, a Japanese cult that combined elements of different religions and built a facility to manufacture biological and chemical weapons. The cult carried out two deadly attacks in 1994 and 1995, using sarin gas to kill and injure people. The attacks killed 19 people and injured thousands. The Japanese government cracked down on the cult and revoked its status as a religion, while many of its members were arrested and put on trial. Some members reorganized on a smaller scale as Aleph.

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On September 11, 2001, 19 terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda hijacked four planes and carried out attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, killing 2,996 Americans. The terrorists were reportedly motivated by America's foreign policy in the Middle East and were financed by Osama bin Laden's Al-Qaeda organization. President George W. Bush declared a war on terror and launched Operation Enduring Freedom, a military campaign to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Al-Qaeda's terrorist network. Osama bin Laden was killed by U.S. forces in 2011, and the war in Afghanistan continued until 2021, when all U.S. forces withdrew from the country. The events of 9/11 triggered major legislations to combat terrorism and defined American foreign policy in the 21st century.

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After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, President George W. Bush signed into law the USA PATRIOT Act, which reduced restrictions on law enforcement's ability to search communications and financial records, eased restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering, and expanded the definition of terrorism. The Act allowed the US government to hold foreigners suspected of terrorism for 7 days without being charged and tap all phones of suspects. This has caused controversy over privacy concerns. Additionally, the Department of Homeland Security was created to protect the US from terrorist attacks, accidents, and disasters, and has absorbed the duties of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.