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Institucional Discourse - Chapter 6

É um discurso sobre a linguagem que as organizações usam para promover suas ideias e ações habitualizadas, com o intuito de promover a imagem daquela instituição.

Pessoas consideradas leigas dentro de determinada instituição recebem as mensagens transmitidas pelos seus superiores para que possam ser aplicadas em suas atividades dentro daquele ambiente.

O discurso institucional envolve relações de poder, vindas da própria organização ou de um grupo de pessoas.

As práticas de discursos institucionais também produzem um grau de desigualdade devido ao grande fluxo de pessoas inseridas no contexto de grandes transformações globais, por ser uma complexa relação com a nova ordem de trabalho.

Pessoas que estudam essa área da Linguística Aplicada são aquelas que analisam os processos que essas instituições usam para manter e reforçar seu poder, e/ou a maneira como elas (ou esses grupos) trabalham e interagem com outras instituições semelhantes.

Mariane Ofsvianna

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•This topic talks about the study of gradual human cognitive behaviors that formulate human language.

•Reports studies of psichology and linguistic for to absorve knowledge about how the minds works on with language.

•How it happens with the help of clinical experimental methodology that exists in psychology.

•One of the most important discoveries made was that of Chomsky (1959), where the author states that an individual's verbal behavior is a language acquired naturally and spontaneously, and proceeds genetically. This generated controversy and discussion continues among researchers until today.

It is possible to understand that in fact, if we observe, we all have behaviors similar to those of our ancestors. Whether they are good or bad for yourself or for society. We have a huge responsibility to know how to choose what we want for our lives, and we do not behave according to our ancestors in a totally equal way, just correct what is bad for us and continue with what is good for us. We need to know how to respect space and individuality in a social environment.

Author: Jenifer Rarume

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Translation and interpreting (chapter 3)

Are a form of transforming text or oral content from one language to another. Going against the moviment of English as the only language it gives the opportunity of more cultural and linguistic diversity.

E.g

Subtitling for deaf people and audio description for the blind.

Fun fact: KFC slogan “Finger lickin’ good”. In 1987, when the company opened its doors in China and after investing a large amount of money in advertising and products, they realized that this expression was not common in this country and its translation read “Eat your fingers”.

Luana Haruka & Maria Fernanda

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Medical communication - it's a new area of applied linguistics that's trying to understand and improve doctor-patient communication by analysing how their communication affects them.

E.g.

How the words the doctor choose to use to explain symptoms, treatment and diagnosis to patients will affect their feelings and understanding of the situation they're in.

Authors: Débora, Geovana and Julia

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Chapter 24: Etnicity

Hector e Amon

In the beginning, they bring to us a limitation inside the eurocentric vision about ethnicity topics.

They explain how the white anglo americans got the position about be native speakers, and people of collor, Afro-Americans and originary people were put like "others".

In the conclusion we can understand how applied linguistics can't be disconnected of the society status quo trough the human history.

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Wiki: Gender

Pesquisas mostram que homens e mulheres tem formas diferentes de se comunicar, em todas as formas de linguagem sejam elas faladas ou escritas. Visto que há essa diferença cientificamente comprovada ocorre então uma desigualdade por conta de preconceitos hierárquicos e conceitos socias.

Hoje buscando interromper essa divisão de homens e mulheres e incluir as minorias para que todos sejam ouvidos da mesma forma.

Eduardo, João Pedro e Maria Eduarda

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Wiki Neurolinguistics:

The area that studies the evolution of language and the human brain, observing how they are related.

Exemples are studies about the role of emotions, actions and movements during a speech; aspects about multilinguism, reading and writing process. It also studies about imitation and simulation, which relates to autism and other neurodivergent conditions.

Ana Beatrys and Mariane.

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Wiki: Forensic linguistics

The Study of Forensic Linguistics can be very easily to be explained as the study of the language presented in a legal matter, whether it be the law, or in how it is applied by people. People who study Forensic Linguistics are, directly enter the workings of the law and how it works, and they can apply that knowledge in courtrooms, police investigations, interviews, activities of scholars, etc..

It is tied to understanding and explaining of the law and all of its specific (presented in the form of language itself), and most people who are experts in the field tend to work alongside authorities of law, like police officers, judges.

Nathalia and Gabriel

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Wiki - Identity in AL.

Identity in AL is better understood if we go from psycho-linguistics to second language learning (SLA) to include bigger focus on the anthropological and sociological aspects of language. Identity is usually seen as socioculturally constructed and scholars focus on understanding the conditios in which learners speak, read and write the target language.

Over all, identity in AL is about how experiences, culture, ethnicity, race, gender, sexual identity affects the process of learning another language.

Yasmin Ropukna e Fernanda Pinheiro

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Wiki: Chapter 20 -Languege Socialization.

Após realizarmos a breve leitura do texto e com o conhecimento que temos sobre socialização linguística, entendemos que isso é um processo no qual vivemos constantemente. A socialização linguística visa integrar crianças no contexto social da língua, como o próprio texto coloca o exemplo do Jason Chen, de nacionalidade chinesa, porém, criado nos Estados Unidos, que na adolescência busca se socializar com sua língua materna.

Nycole e Vitória

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8 - Clinical lingustics (Lucas e Manu)

It is the study of communication disorders, The scope of clinical linguistics involves a lot of things and it is related not only to the way of saying things, but How we write them as well. Another important thing is that the study of how language and communication may change all over the time passing the application of language, linguistic concepts, theories, and methods to the study of language disorders for example:

DOG [ɡɒɡ] DAD [dæd] CAT [tæt]

CAKE [keɪk] GOAT [dəʊt] TAKE [keɪk]

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Sociolinguistics

É o estudo da linguagem tomando como base os acontecimentos e fatos sociais que influenciam diretamente na forma como nos comunicamos. Como exemplo: Diferentes locais necessitam de diferentes formas de comunicação, a maneira como nos comunicamos no meio acadêmico não será o mesmo que no espaço de trabalho.

A Sociolinguistics também permite a compreensão da sociedade e variação linguística de determinados grupos. Como exemplo: AAVE (African American Vernacular English)

Fernanda Yumi e Maria Isabel

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Language testing

•The many ways of testing the language, the better ways of testing that came with technology.

A common example would be an English test, like entrance exams.

It started in the fourth century in China as an imperial examination system, and was latter recreated on Teachers College, Columbia University in 1911.

Lara, Mauricio.

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Chapter 5

The Media:

Entertainment such as movies, talk shows,videogames etc ;

News, whether in paper or virtual

In it's essence, media is language and demonstrate how we relate to each other as a society.

Victoria e Luiz

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Wiki: applied linguistics

14 - TECHNOLOGY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Jessica and Emilly

First technology of language was the writing. The printed books latter created some big changes in the world of learning. People no longer needed an presencial teacher like an ultimated font of information.

This scenario continues to get more and more complex with the development of new technologies like internet, AI, wireless connection. People can communicate easily through these digital means.