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George Washington Carver, an African American scientist, promoted sustainable agriculture and crop rotation. His research on peanuts and sweet potatoes helped improve soil health and introduced alternative farming methods, significantly impacting agriculture and environmental conservation.

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Young became the first African American to achieve the rank of colonel in the U.S Army and the first African American National Park Superintendent, overseeing conservation efforts in several parks.

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The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) was established to address global environmental issues. It focuses on conservation of natural resources, protecting endangered species, and promoting sustainable development through research policy.

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Severe air pollution from coal burning during a cold winter caused the Great Smog in London, resulting in approximately 4,000 deaths. In the following weeks, about 8,000 more died from exposure. In 1956 and 1968 the British Parliament passed two clean air acts, beginning the process of eliminating the burning of coal in people's homes and in factories. The 1956 Clean Air Act established smokeless zones

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Minamata disease is a neurological disease caused by severe mercury poisoning. Signs and symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, loss of peripheral vision, and damage to hearing and speech.

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Minamata disease resulted from mercury poisoning in Japan’s Minamata Bay due to industrial discharge. The contamination affected the food chain, causing severe health issues and deaths. It was caused by the release of methylmercury in the industrial wastewater from a chemical factory owned by the Chisso Corporation, which continued from 1932 to 1968.

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The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty, is an international agreement that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities.

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The United Nations began developing the Law of the Sea to regulate maritime boundaries, resource management, and oceanic environmental protection. This framework aims to balance national interests with global environmental concerns.

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The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was founded to address global conservation issues. It focuses on protecting endangered species, preserving habitats, and promoting sustainable practices to ensure the survival of wildlife and ecosystems.

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Silent Spring is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson. Published on September 27, 1962, the book documented the environmental harm caused by the indiscriminate use of DDT, a pesticide used by soldiers during WW2.

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1962 - Rachel Carson publishes "Silent Spring"

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1962 - Rachel Carson publishes "Silent Spring"

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Rachel Carson’s book, Silent Spring, exposed the dangers of pesticides and their impact on the environment. It raised public awareness about chemical pollution and catalyzed the modern environmental movement, leading to policy changes and the establishment of regulatory agencies.

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1969 - Cuyahoga river catches fire due to ignition of oil and chemical pollution

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1969 - Cuyahoga river catches fire due to ignition of oil and chemical pollution

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The Cuyahoga River in Ohio caught fire due to oil and chemical pollution. The incident drew national attention to water pollution and spurred environmental legislation, including the Clean Water Act and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

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James Ephraim Lovelock (26 July 1919 – 26 July 2022) was an English independent scientist, environmentalist and futurist. 

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ames Lovelock proposed the Gaia Hypothesis, suggesting that Earth functions as a self-regulating system. This theory emphasizes the interconnectedness of life and the environment, influencing environmental science and conservation thinking.

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The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was established to regulate international trade in endangered species. It aims to ensure that trade does not threaten their survival in the wild.

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1977 - Greenpeace " Save the Whale" campaign

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1977 - Greenpeace " Save the Whale" campaign

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Greenpeace launched its “Save the Whale” campaign to combat commercial whaling and promote whale conservation. The campaign raised awareness about the threats to whale populations and contributed to the international ban on whaling.

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The Love Canal disaster in Niagara Falls, New York, involved toxic waste buried beneath a residential area, causing health problems and birth defects. The crisis led to increased environmental awareness and the creation of the Superfund program for hazardous waste cleanup.

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The World Climate Conference in Geneva raised global awareness about climate change and its potential impacts. It marked the beginning of international discussions and efforts to address global warming and its environmental consequences.

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World Conservation Strategy; Friends of the Earth: The World Conservation Strategy was published to guide global conservation efforts, emphasizing sustainable development. Friends of the Earth began confrontational protests to advocate for environmental protection and address issues of environmental justice and equity.

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The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was a chemical accident on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

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A pesticide factory in Bhopal, India, leaked toxic gas, causing 3,000-4,000 deaths and long-term health impacts. The disaster highlighted the risks of industrial pollution and led to improvements in safety regulations and disaster response.

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The Chernobyl disaster began on 26 April 1986 with the explosion of the No. 4 reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR, close to the border with the Byelorussian SSR, in the Soviet Union

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The Chernobyl nuclear disaster in Ukraine resulted in a catastrophic release of radioactive materials. The event caused widespread health issues, environmental contamination, and prompted changes in nuclear safety protocols and emergency response strategies.

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The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio Earth Summit) in Rio de Janeiro addressed global environmental issues, leading to the adoption of key agreements, including the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Framework Convention on Climate Change.

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The Kyoto Protocol was adopted to set binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions globally. It represented a significant international effort to combat climate change and establish frameworks for sustainable development.

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Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan environmental activist, won the Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts in promoting sustainable development, women’s empowerment, and environmental conservation through the Green Belt Movement.

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2005 - Hurricane Katrina hits US Gulf Coast

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2005 - Hurricane Katrina hits US Gulf Coast

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Hurricane Katrina struck the US Gulf Coast, causing widespread devastation and flooding, particularly in New Orleans. The disaster highlighted issues related to climate change, disaster preparedness, and environmental justice.

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An Inconvenient Truth is a 2006 American documentary film directed by Davis Guggenheim about former United States Vice President Al Gore's campaign to educate people about global warming.

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2006 - Al Gore's "An Inconvenient Truth"

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2006 - Al Gore's "An Inconvenient Truth"

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Al Gore’s documentary An Inconvenient Truth raised public awareness about climate change and its impacts. The film contributed to increased urgency in addressing global warming and influenced climate policy discussions.