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I Have researched many fields of engineering like chemical, mechanical, automobile, and electrical engineering. Even though I researched most about civil engineering, I learned a lot of things about other fields of engineering. I learned all fields of engineering need problem-solving skills to be successful in the field. Also, they all work with the design process.

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From this project, I learned that engineering is a very diverse field. This includes biomedical, nuclear, chemical, petroleum, electrical, mechanical engineering, and more. However, from my research and interview, I learned that all fields of engineering are centered around problem solving skills and the design process.

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Automotive engineers design and build entire vehicles or individual parts or systems. They also work on the vehicle's engine design, aerodynamics, performance and fuel efficiency, safety features, ergonomics.

https://vault.com/professions/automotive-engineers

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Chemical engineers develop and design chemical manufacturing processes. They apply the principles of chemistry, physics, and engineering to design equipment and processes for manufacturing products such as gasoline, detergents, and paper.

https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/chemical-engineers.ht

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Civil engineers create, improve and protect the environment in which we live. They plan, design and oversee construction and maintenance of building structures and infrastructure, such as roads, railways, airports, bridges, harbours, dams, irrigation projects, power plants, and water and sewerage systems.

https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/civil-engineers.htm

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Mechanical engineers design power-producing machines, such as electric generators, internal combustion engines, and steam and gas turbines, as well as power-using machines, such as refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. They also design, develop, build, and test mechanical and thermal sensors and devices.

https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/mechanical-engineers.htm#

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Electrical Engineering design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacture of electrical equipment.Electrical and electronics engineers work in industries including research and development, engineering services, manufacturing, telecommunications, and the federal government.

https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electrical-and-electronics-engineers.htm#

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Aeronautical engineers design aircraft from commercial airliners to missiles. These engineers work with their teams to maximize the efficiency of a given aircraft. For example, fuel cost and efficiency are major challenges to these engineers.

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Summary

Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnxcib-8S4s.

Quick Facts: Aerospace Engineers
2019 Median Pay

$116,500 per year
$56.01 per hour

Aerospace engineers design primarily aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles.

Aerospace engineers are employed in industries whose workers design or build aircraft, missiles, systems for national defense, or spacecraft. Aerospace engineers are employed primarily in manufacturing, analysis and design, research and development, and the federal government.

Aerospace engineers must have a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering or another field of engineering or science related to aerospace systems. Aerospace engineers who work on projects that are related to national defense may need a security clearance.

The median annual wage for aerospace engineers was $116,500 in May 2019.

Employment of aerospace engineers is projected to grow 3 percent from 2019 to 2029, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for aerospace engineers.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of aerospace engineers with similar occupations.

Learn more about aerospace engineers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

Aerospace engineers design primarily aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles. In addition, they create and test prototypes to make sure that they function according to design.

Duties

Aerospace engineers typically do the following:

Direct and coordinate the design, manufacture, and testing of aircraft and aerospace products

Assess proposals for projects to determine if they are technically and financially feasible

Determine if proposed projects will result in safe operations that meet the defined goals

Evaluate designs to see that the products meet engineering principles, customer requirements, and environmental regulations

Develop acceptance criteria for design methods, quality standards, sustainment after delivery, and completion dates

Ensure that projects meet quality standards

Inspect malfunctioning or damaged products to identify sources of problems and possible solutions

Aerospace engineers may develop new technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and spacecraft. They often specialize in areas such as aerodynamic fluid flow; structural design; guidance, navigation, and control; instrumentation and communication; robotics; and propulsion and combustion.

Aerospace engineers can specialize in designing different types of aerospace products, such as commercial and military airplanes and helicopters; remotely piloted aircraft and rotorcraft; spacecraft, including launch vehicles and satellites; and military missiles and rockets.

Aerospace engineers often become experts in one or more related fields: aerodynamics, thermodynamics, materials, celestial mechanics, flight mechanics, propulsion, acoustics, and guidance and control systems.

Aerospace engineers typically specialize in one of two types of engineering: aeronautical or astronautical.

Aeronautical engineers work with aircraft. They are involved primarily in designing aircraft and propulsion systems and in studying the aerodynamic performance of aircraft and construction materials. They work with the theory, technology, and practice of flight within the Earth's atmosphere.

Astronautical engineers work with the science and technology of spacecraft and how they perform inside and outside the Earth's atmosphere. This includes work on small satellites such as cubesats, and traditional large satellites.

Aeronautical and astronautical engineers face different environmental and operational issues in designing aircraft and spacecraft. However, the two fields overlap a great deal because they both depend on the basic principles of physics.

Aerospace engineers held about 66,400 jobs in 2019. The largest employers of aerospace engineers were as follows:

Aerospace product and parts manufacturing

36%

Federal government, excluding postal service

16

Engineering services

15

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

10

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

8

Aerospace engineers are employed in industries in which workers design or build aircraft, missiles, systems for national defense, or spacecraft. They work primarily for firms that engage in manufacturing, analysis and design, research and development, and for the federal government.

Aerospace engineers now spend more of their time in an office environment than they have in the past, because modern aircraft design requires the use of sophisticated computer equipment and software design tools, modeling, and simulations for tests, evaluation, and training.

Aerospace engineers work with other professionals involved in designing and building aircraft, spacecraft, and their components. Therefore, they must be able to communicate well, divide work into manageable tasks, and work with others toward a common goal.

Work Schedules

Aerospace engineers typically work full time. Engineers who direct projects must often work extra hours to monitor progress, to ensure that designs meet requirements, to determine how to measure aircraft performance, to see that production meets design standards, to participate in test flights and first flights, and to ensure that deadlines are met.

Aerospace engineers must have a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering or another field of engineering or science related to aerospace systems. Aerospace engineers who work on projects that are related to national defense may need a security clearance. U.S. citizenship may be required for certain types and levels of clearances.

Education

Entry-level aerospace engineers usually need a bachelor's degree. High school students interested in studying aerospace engineering should take courses in chemistry, physics, advanced math, and computer programming and computer languages.

Bachelor's degree programs include classroom, laboratory, and field studies in subjects such as general engineering principles, propulsion, stability and control, structures, mechanics, and aerodynamics, which is the study of how air interacts with moving objects.

Some colleges and universities offer cooperative programs in partnership with regional businesses, which give students practical experience while they complete their education. Cooperative programs and internships enable students to gain valuable experience and to finance part of their education.

At some universities, a student can enroll in a 5-year program that leads to both a bachelor's degree and a master's degree upon completion. A graduate degree will allow an engineer to work as an instructor at a university or to do research and development. Programs in aerospace engineering are accredited by ABET.

Important Qualities

Analytical skills. Aerospace engineers must be able to identify design elements that may not meet requirements and then must formulate alternatives to improve the performance of those elements.

Business skills. Much of the work done by aerospace engineers involves meeting federal government standards. Meeting these standards often requires knowledge of standard business practices, as well as knowledge of commercial law. Additionally, project management or systems engineering skills can be useful.

Critical-thinking skills. Aerospace engineers must be able to produce designs that meet governmental standards, and to figure out why a particular design does not work. They must be able to ask the right question, then find an acceptable answer.

Math skills. Aerospace engineers use the principles of calculus, trigonometry, and other advanced topics in math for analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their work.

Problem-solving skills. Aerospace engineers use their education and experience to upgrade designs and troubleshoot problems when meeting new demands for aircraft, such as increased fuel efficiency or improved safety.

Writing skills. Aerospace engineers must be able both to write papers that explain their designs clearly and to create documentation for future reference.

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations

Licensure for aerospace engineers is not as common as it is for other engineering occupations, nor it is required for entry-level positions. A Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows for higher levels of leadership and independence, can be acquired later in one's career. Licensed engineers are called professional engineers (PEs). A PE canoversee the work of other engineers, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the public. State licensure generally requires

A degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program

A passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam

Relevant work experience, typically at least 4 years

A passing score on the Professional Engineering (PE) exam.

The initial FE exam can be taken after earning a bachelor's degree. Engineers who pass this exam are commonly called engineers in training (EITs) or engineer interns (EIs). After meeting work experience requirements, EITs and EIs can take the second exam, called the Principles and Practice of Engineering.

Each state issues its own licenses. Most states recognize licensure from other states, as long as the licensing state's requirements meet or exceed their own licensure requirements. Several states require continuing education for engineers to keep their licenses.

Other Experience

During high school, students can attend engineering summer camps to see what these and other engineers do. Attending these camps can help students plan their coursework for the remainder of their time in high school.

Advancement

Eventually, aerospace engineers may advance to become technical specialists or to supervise a team of engineers and technicians. Some may even become engineering managers or move into executive positions, such as program managers.

Median annual wages, May 2019

The median annual wage for aerospace engineers was $116,500 in May 2019. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $72,450, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $166,620.

In May 2019, the median annual wages for aerospace engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

$123,600

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

121,750

Federal government, excluding postal service

118,050

Aerospace product and parts manufacturing

116,620

Engineering services

114,030

Aerospace engineers typically work full time. Engineers who direct projects must often work extra hours to monitor progress, to ensure that designs meet requirements, to determine how to measure aircraft performance, to see that production meets design standards, and to ensure that deadlines are met.

Employment of aerospace engineers is projected to grow 3 percent from 2019 to 2029, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Aircraft are being redesigned to cause less noise pollution and have better fuel efficiency, which will help sustain demand for research and development. Also, new developments in small satellites have greater commercial viability. Growing interest in unmanned aerial systems will also help drive growth of the occupation.

Job Prospects

Employment opportunities should be favorable for those trained in software, such as C++, or with education and experience in stress and structural engineering.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2019

Projected Employment, 2029

Change, 2019-29

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Aerospace engineers

17-2011

66,400

68,200

3

1,900
Get data

Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OES data maps for employment and wages by state and area.

Projections Central

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state's websites where these data may be retrieved.

CareerOneStop

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.

For more information about general engineering education and career resources, visit
American Society for Engineering Education Technology Student Association
For more information about licensure as an aerospace engineer, visit
National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying National Society of Professional Engineers
For more information about accredited engineering programs, visit
ABET
For more information about current developments in aeronautics, visit
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
For more information about engineering summer camps, visit
Engineering Education Service Center
CareerOneStop

For a career video on aerospace engineers, visit
Aerospace Engineers
O*NET
Aerospace Engineers

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Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnxcib-8S4s. Quick Facts: Aerospace Engineers 2019 Median Pay $116,500 per year $56.01 per hour Aerospace engineers design primarily aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles. Aerospace engineers are employed in industries whose workers design or build aircraft, missiles, systems for national defense, or spacecraft.

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Environmental engineers focus on solutions involving the health and well-being of the environment as much as society. They have to be strategic, productive, and informed, in order to protect, treat, and preserve the quality of all of the elements of earth. A deep understanding of science and engineering is needed to really understand what the earth needs.

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What is environmental engineering?

Environmental engineers seek solutions to environmental challenges that impact the health and well-being of society and the environment. The technical skills environmental engineers learn are used to develop strategies and technologies to treat and protect the quality of air, water and earth. Environmental engineers also address emerging global challenges such as the impact of climate change on communities and ecosystems. The Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering is dedicated to equipping students with the skills to be future leaders in this discipline.

What do environmental engineers do?

Environmental engineers apply their broad understanding of engineering and the sciences, such as chemistry, biology, soil science and more, to improve human and ecological health through impactful engineering applications. They are involved in ensuring good air quality, controlling water pollution and remediation of wastes at contaminated sites. They also develop the means to protect the environment and ensure environmental sustainability. Environmental engineers recognize the global impact that local actions can have on people and their environments.

Where do environmental engineers work?

A degree in environmental engineering can lead to opportunities in industries, engineering consulting firms, government agencies and public interest groups. Environmental engineers can work in an office setting, laboratories or out in fieldwork.

Why study environmental engineering at Texas A&M?

The department has developed a specialized curriculum to obtain a B.S. degree in environmental engineering at Texas A&M that includes:

A year-long capstone course that involves a practical, hands-on experience to develop and design a project for an environmental challenge

Classes that have a specific focus on environmental sustainability not found in all programs

A broad range of elective coursework that allows you to follow your specific environmental interests

Access to state-of-the-art facilities for coursework, collaboration and practical classroom learning opportunities

Degrees Offered

Student Resource Links

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Environmental engineers seek solutions to environmental challenges that impact the health and well-being of society and the environment. The technical skills environmental engineers learn are used to develop strategies and technologies to treat and protect the quality of air, water and earth.

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System engineers design, secure, manage, and integrate systems for a business/complex over time. They create systems that fuse hardware and software. There are tons of different pathways in system engineering including mobile and web engineering. This field takes a lot of skills and knowledge in computer programming, so one can develop better, safer, more informed, etc. systems. However, much more devotion and time is needed to succeed than just coding.

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Software Engineer Career Paths | CodingNomads

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Beyond just coding, here are various software engineer career paths you can pursue with technical skills, from product manager, to data scientist, to CEO.

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Industrial engineers focus on making and doing better in the industrial and/or consumer production. They track any waste of time, money, materials, energy or any other type of loss, in order to make things better. They have special skills and knowledge too see difficulties before they are problems, and overcome them. Production and manufacturing causes key issues to be resolved by these engineers.

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The roots of industrial engineering can be traced back to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18 th Century. As traditional manual operations began to be mechanised through inventions such as the spinning jenny, the flying shuttle and the steam engine, so it became possible to manufacture on a larger scale from central locations. As factories and mills began to spring up across Britain, the notion of an industrialised production system began to form.

Adam Smith's influential 'The Wealth of Nations' introduced the concepts of the Division of Labour and the 'Invisible Hand' of capitalism, promoting the idea of a factory system before James Watt and Matthew Boulton created the world's first integrated machine manufacturing facility. This included ideas of waste reduction, cost control and increased productivity as well as skills training for employees.

Charles Babbage's travels to factories across Britain and the United States in the early part of the 19 th Century extended these ideas, leading to the publication of his book, 'On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers.' The book investigated basic industrial engineering concepts such as how long it takes to a task and whether it can be subdivided into smaller repetitive tasks to create a faster overall process.

Other early innovations included the creation of the idea of interchangeable parts by Eli Whitney and Simeon North, who manufactured firearms for the US Government. They found that, by mass-producing parts that could be used in any finished product, it was possible to save costs by reducing the need for specialised workers.

Despite these early advances, the industrial engineering discipline began with the introduction of scientific management and time-and-motion study by Frederick Taylor (1865-1915). His books, 'Shop Management' and 'The Principles of Scientific Management,' were published in the early 20 th Century. They introduced several methods for improving efficiencies, including the development of working standards and production time reductions based on the scientific method, to allow for high levels of predictability and precision in manual tasks.

Frank Gilbreth and his wife Lillian pioneered what would later become ergonomics when they categorised human motion into 18 basic elements named 'therbligs.' These therbligs broke movements down into units, allowing even the movements of workers to be optimised to save time. They also allowed for jobs to be designed based on movements to ascertain how long it should take to perform.

The first official course in industrial engineering was created by Pennsylvania State University in 1908. In 1927, the Technische Hochschule in Berlin also introduced an industrial engineering degree before the first doctoral degree in industrial engineering was awarded by Cornell University in 1933.

While these academic advances were occurring, Henry Laurence Gantt introduced the Gantt chart in 1912 to outline the actions and relationship within an organisation and Henry Ford managed to cut the production time for a car from 700 hours to just 1.5 hours with the use of assembly lines in 1913. Ford also pioneered 'capitalist welfare,' whereby financial incentives were given to employees for increased productivity.

The 1940s saw the development of the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM), which gained momentum following the end of World War II. TQM emphasises the importance of quality in products and processes through every phase of an operation and has become essential to industrial engineering. Six Sigma and the ISO 9000 quality standard have since supplanted the concepts created by TQM.

The next decades saw further advances in industrial engineering methods, including the development of material requirements planning. In Japan, theories such as Kaizen and Kanban emerged, improving quality, delivery schedules, and flexibility in the workplace. These concepts spread to the West through continuous improvement programmes as industry became more globalised.

In 1985, Israeli scientist, Eliyahu M. Goldratt developed his Theory of Constraints, which sought to improve production bottlenecks until they no longer existed. At the same time supply chain management and customer-oriented business process design came to the fore.

Industrial engineering is important to both producers and end-users of a product. Industrial engineers improve processes and designs to make things more efficient. This is good for business as it saves time and money, raw resources, energy and manpower. However, industrial engineering is not all about profit margins as it also ensures the safety and quality of a product or process, which is good for both employees and end users.

Analysing, designing, predicting and evaluating processes helps remove roadblocks and creates higher quality and more efficient processes and devices. An industrial engineer will not only have made sure the device you are reading this on was made in the most cost-effective manner (making it cheaper for you to buy), but also makes sure that it is safe and won't just burst into flames while you are using it!

Industrial engineers work across all stages of production and processing. This may involve designing a product or process from the beginning or adapting and upgrading, expanding or reconfiguring an existing process or procedure.

This may involve designing new equipment and writing specifications for equipment bought from an outside vendor to ensure it meets those requirements. An industrial engineer may be required to repurpose existing equipment or facilities, design new processes or tools and procedures.

To achieve these tasks, industrial engineers need a basic working knowledge of various areas of engineering, work processes, tools, equipment and materials in order to design systems and processes that meet cost, quality, safety and environmental requirements.

Industrial engineers may use computer aided design (CAD) systems to help design equipment or facilities and computer modelling to simulate processes and supply chains to improve efficiencies and reduce costs.

Industrial engineers are involved in activities including production and operations planning, production and operations management, materials handling, and logistics and operations.

Industrial engineers work in a range of different environments, from offices to the settings they are tasked with improving. This could include watching how a process works in a factory or examining workflows in a hospital. This data can then be taken and examined using a computer for solving problems.

The wide range of skills used by industrial engineers means they can work in both managerial and technical positions. They can be found in a variety of employment settings, including consulting and engineering, research and development, service industries, logistics, manufacturing and trade.

Industrial engineering is very unlikely to be automated. Analysis from a series of employment websites has determined that there is just a 3% chance of industrial engineering being automated in the future. This is due to the range and type of activities undertaken by industrial engineers.

Industrial engineering is still in demand and studying industrial engineering is still popular with students. There are a wide range of opportunities in industrial engineering and it was projected to grow by 10% between 2019 and 2029, which is much faster than many other occupations.

Improving efficiencies and reducing costs continues to be an important focus for many industries, meaning that industrial engineers will continue to be in demand.

The variety of roles undertaken by industrial engineers, below, provides an indication as to how in demand industrial engineering is today:

Behavioural economics

Energy engineering and management

Facilities engineering

Financial engineering

Human factors and safety engineering

Information systems engineering and management

Manufacturing engineering

Methods engineering

Operations engineering, management and optimisation

Organisation development and change management

Policy planning

Production engineering

Quality and reliability engineering

Supply chain management and logistics

Systems engineering, simulation and analysis

Industrial engineering was traditionally focused on planning the layouts of assembly lines and improving worker productivity. However, this has expanded with lean manufacturing systems so that industrial engineers now work to eliminate wastes of time, money, materials, energy, and other resources.

Today's industrial engineers use computer simulations and design to map and analyse systems and processes ready for optimisation. The future looks set to see the continued use of such tools alongside data science and machine learning in order to further improve processes and procedures. As the Internet of Things becomes more prevalent, so this is now becoming an important part of industrial engineering and it seems that this trend will continue and expand in the future to unite employees, machines, materials, information and more to create better practices.

Industrial engineering can be found in a wide range of industries, where it is used to improve processes and procedures to save time and money while also ensuring safety and quality.

Bringing together specialist knowledge and skills to analyse and evaluate processes and systems, industrial engineering crosses into areas including business administration, production and manufacture, operations, systems and supply chains, ergonomics, logistics and more.

As industrial engineering continues to develop with factors such as machine learning becoming important new facets of the process, industrial engineers will continue to be in demand for a range of different industries.

Related Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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The roots of industrial engineering can be traced back to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18 th Century. As traditional manual operations began to be mechanised through inventions such as the spinning jenny, the flying shuttle and the steam engine, so it became possible to manufacture on a larger scale from central locations.

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Electrical engineering works with tons of different devices and systems, in order to better the technology of electricity. It is the development and understanding of electricity, charges, and "power." Working with generators, circuits, industrial machines as well as microchips. Electrical engineers understand, design, develop, test, and supervise the development and manufacturing of electrical equipment. Most modern devices are made simple with few core components, but they have to comprehend, break down, and understand every little thing in order to make something better.

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Electrical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the technology of electricity, including circuitry, power generation, machine control and communications.

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Computer engineering takes parts from electrical engineering and computer science in order to develop new technologies. It focuses on hardware, designing, and finally building. This job takes an extreme amounts of time and dedication. It takes lots of knowledge in science and mathematics, as well as different programable languages.

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A computer engineer fuses electrical engineering and computer science to develop new technology. Computer engineers design, build, and maintain hardware in modern computers.

These engineers focus on integrating hardware and software in a unified system safely and efficiently. According to CompTIA, computer engineers, cybersecurity professionals, and systems analysts make up the second-largest category of tech jobs.

Along with personal devices, computer engineers have a hand in creating robotics, networks, and other computer-based systems. This role tends to include a high amount of research and development, testing, and quality assurance. Computer engineering might appeal to problem-solvers and technology enthusiasts.

Computer engineers work within a team along with software developers and other tech professionals. The field requires strong foundations in science and mathematics, and most employees have earned a related bachelor's degree. Certifications in software, programming languages, or hardware systems can lead to additional job opportunities.

Below, you can learn more about computer engineering, including potential jobs, necessary skills, education, and helpful resources.

History of Computer Engineers

Computer engineering started as a specialization of electrical engineering before developing into a new discipline. As initially defined, computer engineering applied aspects of digital logic design from computer science to the design of microprocessors and technological systems.

As the field grew, computer engineering continued to adopt design fundamentals and theories from computer science. Computer engineering is distinct from computer science because it focuses on hardware and computer design.

Case Western Reserve University offered the first accredited computer engineering program in the U.S. in 1971. As of 2022, more than 4,361 computer engineering programs in the country hold accreditation from the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).

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Similar Specializations and Career Paths for Computer Engineers

Computer engineering forms the major foundation of all technology, so engineers may pursue a wide array of specializations within the field. Computer hardware engineers accounted for 76,900 computer engineering positions in 2021, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Computer engineering professionals gain access to high-paying roles. According to the BLS, computer hardware engineers earn a median annual salary of $128,170. Additional education and experience can lead to lucrative managerial roles. The BLS reports a median wage of $159,010 per year for information systems managers.

Computer engineers may need to pursue different concentrations or additional education to prepare for some specialized jobs. For example, a computer engineering program alone might not cover the advanced theories of aerodynamics necessary for computer engineering jobs in aerospace.

Career Title

Description

Required Education

Required Experience

Median Annual Salary (2021)

Source: BLS
What Is a Computer Engineer's Job Description?

Computer engineers create and test hardware such as motherboards, routers, circuits, and other equipment. While a programmer focuses on the software side of computer systems, computer engineers specialize in the physical components of a computer. Computer engineers work in tandem with software developers to make sure any updates function as expected.

Computer engineers often research new technology and methods in the field to create innovative products and solutions. This role can involve heavy amounts of testing and experimenting with new designs during the development process. After creating a successful design, computer engineers may supervise the manufacturing process.

Companies rely on computer engineers to create modern processors and networking hardware. Any tech companies that produce hardware need qualified computer engineers to make cutting-edge products and stay ahead of the competition.

In a competitive market, employers will look for computer engineers with the essential skills listed below.

Key Soft Skills for Computer Engineers

Communication Skills: Computer engineers must work closely with other team members, including software engineers. They may also work with non-technical departments and employers when discussing project goals. An engineer must also clearly state design aspects and instructions to ensure the manufacturing process goes smoothly.

Analytical Skills: An engineer must test their design multiple times to achieve a desired result. These professionals need to locate local issues in a larger system by testing, recording data, and analyzing the results.

Problem-solving Skills: After analyzing flaws in the system, engineers need to find alternative ways of achieving the initial design goal or task. These employees may need to balance performance with the price or availability of resources while developing a project.

Critical Thinking: When testing and altering a product design, engineers need to account for other factors affected by each change. Creating a successful design may require engineers to develop new techniques or look for solutions outside their standard field.

Key Hard Skills for Computer Engineers

Microprocessors and Circuitry: Computer engineers must master the study of microprocessors and circuitry since those components make up the foundation of computers. Engineers cannot create electronics without understanding how to generate electric currents and transfer information on a physical level.

Quality Assurance and Testing: Tech engineers rigorously test hardware designs and systems to ensure everything works correctly. A solid foundation in this skill allows engineers to prioritize major functions such as cybersecurity while finding workarounds for minor issues.

Digital Signal Processing: Computer engineers develop systems that allow data to be sent via wireless communications. Digital signals create the basis of modern data storage and the internet, including speech and video processing.

Operating Systems: A computer engineer needs extensive knowledge of major operating systems, like Windows, ReactOS, MacOS, and Linux, since the job often involves incorporating hardware with software.

A Day in the Life of a Computer Engineer

A computer engineer may work on project-based deadlines with a team. They often hold meetings to talk about a project's status, any potential issues, and upcoming deadlines. During the development process, an engineer can build, test, and modify prototypes frequently.

The role's additional tasks depend on a worker's specializations and chosen sector. To learn more about the daily life of computer engineers, check out the link below.

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Computer Engineer Salary and Career Outlook

The continued growth of the technology sector as a whole may indicate job security for computer engineering professionals. The BLS projects a 15% increase in jobs for computer and information technology positions from 2021-2031.

However, the potential growth during the same period for computer hardware engineers is lower than average, at a 5% projected increase in roles.

The BLS reports computer hardware engineers earn a lucrative annual median pay of $128,170. Pay for these positions varies depending on the sector; those working in computer systems design make an average annual salary of $128,440, while engineers in computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing earn an average wage of $142,160 per year.

How to Become a Computer Engineer

Computer engineering requires an advanced understanding of mathematics, science, computers, and engineering. As a result, many employers consider only applicants with a bachelor's degree for entry-level jobs, according to the BLS.

Other forms of continued education may help you find computer engineering roles. Certifications and camps provide in-depth studies of programming languages, systems, or hardware that can line up with your desired role. For example, an engineer hoping to specialize in servers can take IBM i and MacOS Server courses to learn about the technologies widely used in server development.

If you're wondering how to become a computer engineer, check out one of our guides:

Professional Organizations for Computer Engineers

Established in 1947, the ACM forms the largest education and science society in the world. Members can access thousands of online educational materials and stay ahead of industry trends with various newsletters.

The IEEE forms a global community dedicated to improving the lives of people through technology. Members can advertise and collaborate on projects or pursue other opportunities through its extensive network and job board.

AWC promotes diversity in the field by supporting women in computer science. This organization provides networking, recognition, education, and mentoring opportunities through its many local chapters. AWC also bestows the Ada Lovelace Award to women who have made outstanding achievements in the field.

Originating in 1937, ASIS&T provides a platform for computer engineering professionals to discuss issues and policies related to the field. Membership provides access to the Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, a highly regarded scholastic journal in the field.

Learn More About Computer Engineering

Questions About Computer Engineering Jobs

What does a computer engineer do?

Computer engineers design, build, and test hardware components and systems. A computer engineer works with software developers to ensure the hardware and software work in tandem while balancing factors such as performance and material cost.

Why is computer engineering a good career?

Computer engineering offers interesting, vital roles developing new and cutting-edge technology, a necessity in modern society. This role can appeal to those who enjoy solving puzzles or creating something new. The field boasts lucrative salaries and career growth opportunities.

How much does a computer engineer make?

According to 2021 BLS data, computer engineers make a median annual salary of $128,170. The pay may vary depending on the sector and experience level.

Are computer engineering jobs in demand?

Existing data shows conflicting results. The BLS projects a marginal job outlook increase of 5% in computer hardware engineering positions from 2021-3031. However, the BLS also projects an overall 15% increase in tech industry jobs. Computer engineering jobs remain essential to creating new technology.

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What is a Computer Engineer & What Do They Do? | ComputerScience.org

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A computer engineer fuses electrical engineering and computer science to develop new technology. Computer engineers design, build, and maintain hardware in modern computers. These engineers focus on integrating hardware and software in a unified system safely and efficiently. According to CompTIA, computer engineers, cybersecurity professionals, and systems analysts make up the second-largest category of tech jobs.

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They work with mechanical/thermal sensors and all kinds of machinery, and machinery tools. They make around 96,310$ annually and 46.31$/h with the average education level being a bachelors degree. They generally work in offices but sometimes visit worksites because of a problem that needs them present.

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Summary

Quick Facts: Mechanical Engineers
2021 Median Pay

$95,300 per year
$45.82 per hour

Mechanical engineers design, develop, build, and test mechanical and thermal sensors and devices.

Mechanical engineers generally work in offices. They may occasionally visit worksites where a problem or piece of equipment needs their personal attention. Mechanical engineers work mostly in engineering services, research and development, and manufacturing.

Mechanical engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering or mechanical engineering technology. All states and the District of Columbia require mechanical engineers who sell services to the public to be licensed.

The median annual wage for mechanical engineers was $95,300 in May 2021.

Employment of mechanical engineers is projected to grow 2 percent from 2021 to 2031, slower than the average for all occupations.

Despite limited employment growth, about 17,900 openings for mechanical engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Most of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for mechanical engineers.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of mechanical engineers with similar occupations.

Learn more about mechanical engineers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

Mechanical engineers research, design, develop, build, and test mechanical and thermal sensors and devices, including tools, engines, and machines.

Duties

Mechanical engineers typically do the following:

Analyze problems to see how mechanical and thermal devices might help solve a particular problem

Design or redesign mechanical and thermal devices or subsystems, using analysis and computer-aided design

Investigate equipment failures or difficulties to diagnose faulty operation and to recommend remedies

Develop and test prototypes of devices they design

Analyze the test results and change the design or system as needed

Oversee the manufacturing process for the device

Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest engineering fields. Mechanical engineers design and oversee the manufacture of many products ranging from medical devices to new batteries.

Mechanical engineers design power-producing machines, such as electric generators, internal combustion engines, and steam and gas turbines, as well as power-using machines, such as refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

Mechanical engineers design other machines inside buildings, such as elevators and escalators. They also design material-handling systems, such as conveyor systems and automated transfer stations.

Like other engineers, mechanical engineers use computers extensively. Mechanical engineers are routinely responsible for the integration of sensors, controllers, and machinery. Computer technology helps mechanical engineers create and analyze designs, run simulations and test how a machine is likely to work, interact with connected systems, and generate specifications for parts.

The following are examples of types of mechanical engineers:

Auto research engineers seek to improve the performance of cars. These engineers work to improve traditional features of cars such as suspension, and they also work on aerodynamics and new possible fuels.

Heating and cooling systems engineers work to create and maintain environmental systems wherever temperatures and humidity must be kept within certain limits. They develop such systems for airplanes, trains, cars, schools, and even computer rooms.

Robotic engineers plan, build, and maintain robots. These engineers plan how robots will use sensors for detecting things based on light or smell, and they design how these sensors will fit into the designs of the robots.

Mechanical engineers held about 284,900 jobs in 2021. The largest employers of mechanical engineers were as follows:

Architectural, engineering, and related services

21%

Machinery manufacturing

15

Transportation equipment manufacturing

10

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

7

Scientific research and development services

5

Mechanical engineers generally work in offices. They may occasionally visit worksites where a problem or piece of equipment needs their personal attention. In most settings, they work with other engineers, engineering technicians, and other professionals as part of a team.

Work Schedules

Most mechanical engineers work full time and some work more than 40 hours a week.

Mechanical engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering or mechanical engineering technology. Mechanical engineers who sell services publicly must be licensed in all states and the District of Columbia.

Education

Mechanical engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering or mechanical engineering technologies. Mechanical engineering programs usually include courses in mathematics and life and physical sciences, as well as engineering and design. Mechanical engineering technology programs focus less on theory and more on the practical application of engineering principles. They may emphasize internships and co-ops to prepare students for work in industry.

Some colleges and universities offer 5-year programs that allow students to obtain both a bachelor's and a master's degree. Some 5-year or even 6-year cooperative plans combine classroom study with practical work, enabling students to gain valuable experience and earn money to finance part of their education.

ABET accredits programs in engineering and engineering technology. Most employers prefer to hire students from an accredited program. A degree from an ABET-accredited program is usually necessary to become a licensed professional engineer.

Important Qualities

Creativity. Mechanical engineers design and build complex pieces of equipment and machinery. A creative mind is essential for this kind of work.

Listening skills. Mechanical engineers often work on projects with others, such as architects and computer scientists. They must listen to and analyze different approaches made by other experts to complete the task at hand.

Math skills. Mechanical engineers use the principles of calculus, statistics, and other advanced subjects in math for analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their work.

Mechanical skills. Mechanical skills allow engineers to apply basic engineering concepts and mechanical processes to the design of new devices and systems.

Problem-solving skills. Mechanical engineers need good problem-solving skills to take scientific principles and discoveries and use them to design and build useful products.

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations

Licensure is not required for entry-level positions as a mechanical engineer. A Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows for higher levels of leadership and independence, can be acquired later in one's career. Licensed engineers are called professional engineers (PEs). A PE can oversee the work of other engineers, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the public. State licensure generally requires

A degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program

A passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam

Relevant work experience typically at least 4 years

A passing score on the Professional Engineering (PE) exam.

The initial FE exam can be taken after one earns a bachelor's degree. Engineers who pass this exam are commonly called engineers in training (EITs) or engineer interns (EIs). After meeting work experience requirements, EITs and EIs can take the second exam, called the Principles and Practice of Engineering.

Several states require engineers to take continuing education to renew their licenses every year. Most states recognize licensure from other states, as long as the other state's licensing requirements meet or exceed their own licensing requirements.

Several professional organizations offer a variety of certification programs for engineers to demonstrate competency in specific fields of mechanical engineering.

Advancement

A Ph.D. is essential for engineering faculty positions in higher education, as well as for some research and development programs. Mechanical engineers may earn graduate degrees in engineering or business administration to learn new technology, broaden their education, and enhance their project management skills. Mechanical engineers may become administrators or managers after gaining work experience.

Mechanical Engineers

Median annual wages, May 2021

Engineers

Mechanical engineers

Total, all occupations

The median annual wage for mechanical engineers was $95,300 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $60,750, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $136,210.

In May 2021, the median annual wages for mechanical engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Scientific research and development services

$102,050

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

99,640

Architectural, engineering, and related services

97,090

Transportation equipment manufacturing

97,000

Machinery manufacturing

79,770

Most mechanical engineers work full time and some work more than 40 hours a week.

Mechanical Engineers

Percent change in employment, projected 2021-31

Total, all occupations

Engineers

Mechanical engineers

Employment of mechanical engineers is projected to grow 2 percent from 2021 to 2031, slower than the average for all occupations.

Despite limited employment growth, about 17,900 openings for mechanical engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Most of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment

Mechanical engineers work in a range of industries and on many types of projects. As a result, employment growth for these workers varies by industry.

As manufacturing processes incorporate more complex automation machinery, mechanical engineers are expected to be needed to help plan for and design this equipment. However, employment declines in some industries may temper overall employment growth of mechanical engineers.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2021

Projected Employment, 2031

Change, 2021-31

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Mechanical engineers

17-2141

284,900

291,300

2

6,400
Get data

Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OEWS data maps for employment and wages by state and area.

Projections Central

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state's websites where these data may be retrieved.

CareerOneStop

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.

For more information about general engineering education and mechanical engineering career resources, visit
American Society of Mechanical Engineers American Society for Engineering Education Technology Student Association
For information about engineering summer camps, visit
Engineering Education Service Center
For more information about accredited engineering programs, visit
ABET
For more information about licensure as a mechanical engineer, visit
National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying National Society of Professional Engineers
For information about certification, visit
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Occupational Requirements Survey

For a profile highlighting selected BLS data on occupational requirements, see

Mechanical engineers (PDF)

O*NET
Automotive Engineers Fuel Cell Engineers Mechanical Engineers

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Quick Facts: Mechanical Engineers 2021 Median Pay $95,300 per year $45.82 per hour Mechanical engineers design, develop, build, and test mechanical and thermal sensors and devices. Mechanical engineers generally work in offices. They may occasionally visit worksites where a problem or piece of equipment needs their personal attention.

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Aerospace Engineers develop aviation spaecrafts along with defense systems, and varies other technologies. Most of the time they work for governemtn run programs or companies that produce materials for those programs.

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Summary

Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnxcib-8S4s.

Quick Facts: Aerospace Engineers
2023 Median Pay

$130,720 per year
$62.85 per hour

Aerospace engineers design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles.

Aerospace engineers typically work in an office setting, often using a computer. Most work full time, and some work more than 40 hours per week.

Aerospace engineers must have a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering or a related field to enter the occupation. Aerospace engineers who work on projects that are related to national defense may need a security clearance.

The median annual wage for aerospace engineers was $130,720 in May 2023.

Employment of aerospace engineers is projected to grow 6 percent from 2022 to 2032, faster than the average for all occupations.

About 3,800 openings for aerospace engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for aerospace engineers.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of aerospace engineers with similar occupations.

Learn more about aerospace engineers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

Aerospace engineers design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles. In addition, they create and test prototypes to make sure that they function according to design.

Duties

Aerospace engineers typically do the following:

Coordinate and direct the design, manufacture, and testing of aircraft and aerospace products

Assess project proposals to determine whether they are technically and financially feasible

Determine whether proposed projects will be safe and meet defined goals

Evaluate designs to ensure that products meet engineering principles, customer requirements, and environmental regulations

Develop criteria for design, quality, completion, and sustainment after delivery

Ensure that projects meet required standards

Inspect malfunctioning or damaged products to identify sources of problems and possible solutions

Aerospace engineers develop technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and spacecraft. They may focus on areas such as aerodynamic fluid flow; structural design; guidance, navigation, and control; instrumentation and communication; robotics; or propulsion and combustion.

Aerospace engineers may design specific aerospace products, such as commercial and military airplanes and helicopters; remotely piloted aircraft and rotorcraft; spacecraft, including launch vehicles and satellites; and military missiles and rockets.

The following are the two common types of aerospace engineers:

Aeronautical engineers work with aircraft. They are involved primarily in designing aircraft and propulsion systems and in studying the aerodynamic performance of aircraft and construction materials. They work with the theory, technology, and practice of flight within the Earth's atmosphere.

Astronautical engineers work with the science and technology of spacecraft and how they perform inside and outside the Earth's atmosphere. This includes work on small satellites such as cubesats, and traditional large satellites.

Aerospace engineers held about 63,800 jobs in 2022. The largest employers of aerospace engineers were as follows:

Aerospace product and parts manufacturing

34%

Engineering services

16

Federal government, excluding postal service

16

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

10

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

6

Aerospace engineers typically work in an office setting, often using a computer. They also may travel to meet with clients.

Work Schedules

Most aerospace engineers work full time, and some work more than 40 hours per week. Engineers may need to work extra hours to monitor progress and troubleshoot when problems arise.

Aerospace engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering or a related field to enter the occupation. Aerospace engineers who work on projects that are related to national defense may need a security clearance. Some types and levels of clearance require U.S. citizenship.

Education

Aerospace engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in engineering or a related field. High school students interested in studying aerospace engineering should take classes in chemistry, physics, and math.

Bachelor's degree programs in engineering usually include classroom, laboratory, and field courses in subjects such as stability and control, structures, and mechanics.

College students may have an opportunity to participate in cooperative education programs or internships. Through partnership with local businesses, these programs allow students to gain practical experience while they complete their education.

Some colleges and universities offer a 5-year program that leads to both a bachelor's degree and a master's degree. A graduate degree may allow an engineer to work as an instructor at a university or to do research and development.

Employers may prefer to hire graduates of aerospace engineering programs accredited by a professional association such as ABET. A degree from an accredited program is usually required to become licensed.

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations

Licensure is not required for entry-level aerospace engineer positions. Experienced engineers may obtain a Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows them to oversee the work of other engineers, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the public.

State licensure generally requires a bachelor's or higher degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program, a passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam, several years of relevant work experience, and a passing score on the PE exam.

Each state issues its own license. Most states recognize licensure from other states, as long as the licensing state's requirements meet or exceed their own licensure requirements. Several states require continuing education for engineers to keep their licenses.

Advancement

Aerospace engineers who gain experience or who have additional education or credentials may advance into technical or supervisory positions. Those with leadership skills also may become engineering managers or project management specialists.

Important Qualities

Analytical skills. Aerospace engineers must be able to evaluate project design elements and propose improvements, if necessary.

Business skills. Meeting federal standards in aerospace engineering requires business knowledge, including commercial law. Project management or systems engineering skills also may be useful.

Communication skills. Aerospace engineers must be able to explain, both orally and in writing, the details of their designs. They may need to convey information to a variety of audiences, including nontechnical ones.

Interpersonal skills. Aerospace engineers often work on teams and must be able to interact with other types of engineers and with nontechnical team members.

Math skills. Aerospace engineers use calculus, trigonometry, and other math in their analysis, design, and troubleshooting work.

Problem-solving skills. Aerospace engineers upgrade designs and troubleshoot problems to improve aircraft, such as for increased fuel efficiency or safety.

Median annual wages, May 2023

The median annual wage for aerospace engineers was $130,720 in May 2023. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $81,620, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $188,910.

In May 2023, the median annual wages for aerospace engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

$136,620

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

135,280

Federal government, excluding postal service

133,040

Aerospace product and parts manufacturing

130,720

Engineering services

128,870

Most aerospace engineers work full time, and some work more than 40 hours per week. Engineers may need to work extra hours to monitor progress and to troubleshoot when problems arise.

Employment of aerospace engineers is projected to grow 6 percent from 2022 to 2032, faster than the average for all occupations.

About 3,800 openings for aerospace engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment

Aircraft are being redesigned for less noise pollution and better fuel efficiency, which should help drive demand for aerospace engineers.

Technological advancements have reduced the cost of launching satellites. Demand for aerospace engineers is expected to increase as space becomes more accessible, especially with developments in small satellites that have greater commercial viability. In addition, continued interest in drones for certain uses, such as forest fire detection, may help to drive employment growth for these engineers.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2022

Projected Employment, 2032

Change, 2022-32

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Aerospace engineers

17-2011

63,800

67,700

6

3,900
Get data

Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OEWS data maps for employment and wages by state and area.

Projections Central

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.org. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state's websites where these data may be retrieved.

CareerOneStop

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.

For more information about general engineering education and career resources, visit

American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)

Technology Student Association (TSA)

For more information about licensure as an aerospace engineer, visit

National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES)

National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE)

For more information about accredited engineering programs, visit
ABET
For more information about current developments in aeronautics, visit

The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)

CareerOneStop

For a career video on aerospace engineers, visit
Aerospace Engineers
O*NET
Aerospace Engineers

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Aerospace engineers design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles.

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Chemical Engineers use Chemistry and Physics along with engineering equipment to produce products such as gas, soap, detergent, and paper. Many Chemical Engineers use CAD programs in order to produce materials that go into certain products.

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Summary

Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFQ4BjDeTME.

Quick Facts: Chemical Engineers
2021 Median Pay

$105,550 per year
$50.75 per hour

Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry, biology, physics, and math to solve problems that involve the use of fuel, drugs, food, and many other products.

Chemical engineers work mostly in offices or laboratories. They may spend time at industrial plants, refineries, and other locations, where they monitor or direct operations or solve onsite problems. Nearly all chemical engineers work full time.

Chemical engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering or a related field. Some employers prefer to hire candidates who have practical experience. Therefore, internships and cooperative engineering programs may be helpful.

The median annual wage for chemical engineers was $105,550 in May 2021.

Employment of chemical engineers is projected to grow 14 percent from 2021 to 2031, much faster than the average for all occupations.

About 2,000 openings for chemical engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for chemical engineers.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of chemical engineers with similar occupations.

Learn more about chemical engineers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry, biology, physics, and math to solve problems that involve the production or use of chemicals, fuel, drugs, food, and many other products. They design processes and equipment for large-scale manufacturing, plan and test production methods and byproducts treatment, and direct facility operations.

Duties

Chemical engineers typically do the following:

Conduct research to develop new and improved manufacturing processes

Establish safety procedures for those working with dangerous chemicals

Develop processes for separating components of liquids and gases, or for generating electrical currents, by using controlled chemical processes

Design and plan the layout of equipment

Conduct tests and monitor the performance of processes throughout production

Troubleshoot problems with manufacturing processes

Evaluate equipment and processes to ensure compliance with safety and environmental regulations

Estimate production costs for management

Some chemical engineers, known as process engineers, specialize in a particular process, such as oxidation (a reaction of oxygen with chemicals to make other chemicals) or polymerization (making plastics and resins).

Others specialize in a particular field, such as nanomaterials (extremely small substances) or biological engineering. Still others specialize in developing specific products.

In addition, chemical engineers work in the production of energy, electronics, food, clothing, and paper. They must understand how the manufacturing process affects the environment and the safety of workers and consumers.

Chemical engineers also conduct research in the life sciences, biotechnology, and business services.

Chemical engineers held about 26,900 jobs in 2021. The largest employers of chemical engineers were as follows:

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

11%

Engineering services

11

Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing

5

Wholesale trade

4

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

3

Chemical engineers work mostly in offices or laboratories. They may spend time at industrial plants, refineries, and other locations, where they monitor or direct operations or solve onsite problems. Chemical engineers must be able to work with those who design other systems and with the technicians and mechanics who put the designs into practice.

Some engineers travel extensively to plants or worksites, both domestically and abroad.

Injuries and Illnesses

Chemical engineers can be exposed to health or safety hazards when handling certain chemicals and plant equipment, but such exposure can be avoided if proper procedures are followed.

Work Schedules

Nearly all chemical engineers work full time. Occasionally, they may have to work additional hours to meet production targets and design standards or to troubleshoot problems with manufacturing processes. Some chemical engineers work more than 40 hours per week.

Chemical engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering or a related field. Some employers prefer to hire candidates who have practical experience, so internships and cooperative engineering programs may be helpful.

Education

High school students interested in studying chemical engineering should take science classes, such as chemistry, physics, and biology. They also should take math courses, including algebra, trigonometry, and calculus.

College students typically study chemical engineering or a related field that leads to a bachelor's degree. Programs in chemical engineering usually take 4 years and include classroom, laboratory, and field studies. Some colleges and universities have 5-year engineering programs that lead to both a bachelor's degree and a master's degree. A graduate degree, which may include a degree up to the Ph.D. level, allows an engineer to work in research and development or as a postsecondary teacher.

Some colleges and universities offer internships and/or cooperative programs in partnership with industry. In these programs, students gain practical experience while completing their education.

ABET accredits engineering programs. ABET-accredited programs in chemical engineering include courses in chemistry, physics, and biology. These programs also include applying the sciences to the design, analysis, and control of chemical, physical, and biological processes.

Important Qualities

Analytical skills. Chemical engineers must troubleshoot designs that do not work as planned. They must ask the right questions and then find answers that work.

Creativity. Chemical engineers must explore new ways of applying engineering principles. They work to invent new materials, advanced manufacturing techniques, and new applications in chemical and biomedical engineering.

Ingenuity. Chemical engineers learn the broad concepts of chemical engineering, but their work requires them to apply those concepts to specific production problems.

Interpersonal skills. Because their role is to put scientific principles into practice in manufacturing industries, chemical engineers must develop good working relationships with other workers involved in production processes.

Math skills. Chemical engineers use the principles of advanced math topics such as calculus for analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their work.

Problem-solving skills. In designing equipment and processes for manufacturing, these engineers must be able to anticipate and identify problems, including such issues as workers' safety and problems related to manufacturing and environmental protection.

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations

Licensure for chemical engineers is not as common as it is for other engineering occupations, nor is it required for entry-level positions. A Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows for higher levels of leadership and independence, can be acquired later in one's career. Licensed engineers are called professional engineers (PEs). A PE can oversee the work of other engineers, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the public. State licensure generally requires

A degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program

A passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam

Relevant work experience, typically at least 4 years

A passing score on the Professional Engineering (PE) exam

The initial FE exam can be taken after one earns a bachelor's degree. Engineers who pass this exam are commonly called engineers in training (EITs) or engineer interns (EIs). After meeting work experience requirements, EITs and EIs can take the second exam, called the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE).

Each state issues its own licenses. Most states recognize licensure from other states, as long as the licensing state's requirements meet or exceed their own licensure requirements. Several states require engineers to take continuing education to keep their licenses.

Advancement

Entry-level engineers usually work under the supervision of experienced engineers. In large companies, new engineers also may receive formal training in classrooms or seminars. As junior engineers gain knowledge and experience, they move to more difficult projects with greater independence to develop designs, solve problems, and make decisions.

Eventually, chemical engineers may advance to supervise a team of engineers and technicians. Some may become architectural and engineering managers. Preparing for management positions usually requires working under the guidance of a more experienced chemical engineer.

An engineering background enables chemical engineers to discuss a product's technical aspects and assist in product planning and use. For more information, see the profile on sales engineers.

Median annual wages, May 2021

The median annual wage for chemical engineers was $105,550 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $62,730, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $187,430.

In May 2021, the median annual wages for chemical engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Engineering services

$152,430

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

126,780

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

102,390

Wholesale trade

100,290

Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing

96,220

A 2015 survey report by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers indicated that the median yearly salary of those with no supervisory responsibility was $106,300.

Nearly all chemical engineers work full time. Occasionally, they may have to work additional hours to meet production targets and design standards or to troubleshoot problems with manufacturing processes. Some chemical engineers work more than 40 hours per week.

Employment of chemical engineers is projected to grow 14 percent from 2021 to 2031, much faster than the average for all occupations.

About 2,000 openings for chemical engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment

Demand for chemical engineers' services depends largely on demand for the products of various manufacturing industries. Many chemical engineers work in manufacturing firms that provide products to other firms. For example, environmental and sustainability concerns have led chemistry and manufacturing firms to research alternative fertilizers, resulting in a need for chemical engineers.

In addition, chemical engineering will continue to migrate into other fields, such as nanotechnology, alternative energies, and biotechnology, and thereby help to sustain demand for engineering services in many manufacturing industries. However, because it is a small occupation, the fast growth will result in only about 3,700 new jobs over the projections decade.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2021

Projected Employment, 2031

Change, 2021-31

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Chemical engineers

17-2041

26,900

30,700

14

3,700
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For more information on becoming a chemical engineer, visit
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
For information about general engineering education and career resources, visit
American Society for Engineering Education Technology Student Association
For information about accredited engineering programs, visit
ABET
For information on internships opportunities, visit
American Institute of Chemical Engineers Career Center
For more information about licensure as a professional engineer, visit
National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying National Society of Professional Engineers
O*NET
Chemical Engineers

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Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFQ4BjDeTME. Quick Facts: Chemical Engineers 2021 Median Pay $105,550 per year $50.75 per hour Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry, biology, physics, and math to solve problems that involve the use of fuel, drugs, food, and many other products. Chemical engineers work mostly in offices or laboratories.

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Chemical engineers convert raw materials into a variety of products. They help improve the quality and efficiency of substances like food and soda by testing monitoring their concepts and establishing safety procedure. They also apply, “...scientific and engineering principles to improve processes and equipment used in the production of various products.”

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Recruiting Resources: How to Recruit and Hire Better

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Use this Chemical Engineer job description to advertise your vacancies and find qualified candidates. Feel free to modify responsibilities and requirements based on your needs.

What is a Chemical Engineer?

A Chemical Engineer is a professional who applies scientific and engineering principles to improve processes and equipment used in the production of various products. They work with chemicals, fuels, drugs, food, and other substances to optimize efficiency and ensure quality standards are met.

What does a Chemical Engineer do?

A Chemical Engineer conducts research, analyzes data, and designs solutions to improve production processes and equipment. They work on minimizing waste, increasing product quality, and implementing safety procedures. They collaborate with a team of engineers, run simulations, and communicate findings to stakeholders. Overall, their role involves optimizing production, solving problems, and enhancing efficiency in chemical-related industries.

Chemical Engineer responsibilities include:

Using scientific, mathematical and engineering principles to solve problems and improve processes

Designing, proposing, implementing, reviewing and correcting plans to ensure company goals are achieved

Observing production processes, conducting research and finding ways to increase efficiency and quality

Job brief

We are seeking a talented Chemical Engineer to join our team and contribute to the implementation, analysis, and improvement of processes and equipment within our organization's plants. As a Chemical Engineer, your responsibilities will encompass conducting research studies, designing innovative solutions, and overseeing the seamless implementation and troubleshooting of various procedures.

In this role, you will collaborate closely with a team of skilled Engineers to identify opportunities for enhancement in our plants. Your primary focus will be on improving efficiency and ensuring a safe working environment. Your expertise and technical knowledge will be instrumental in developing and implementing effective plans that optimize our production processes.

As a key member of our team, you will have the opportunity to contribute to the continuous improvement of our organization, making a significant impact on our operational success. If you are a proactive problem-solver with a passion for driving excellence, we invite you to join us in shaping a brighter future.

Responsibilities

Develop manufacturing processes that minimize waste and increase the quality of finished products

Monitor and test processes and products found in all phases of production

Develop and implement safety procedures for staff working with hazardous materials

Design, plan and implement the layout of manufacturing equipment to optimize production and decrease costs

Use computers to compile and analyze data

Establish safety and waste management procedures

Travel to work sites and locations to learn about project needs and design

Assist with establishing budgets and timelines

Requirements and skills

Proven work experience as a Chemical Engineer or similar role

Ability to cooperate and communicate with others, especially those without a technical background

Computer literacy to run simulations and conduct ongoing research

Exceptional problem solving, verbal and written communication, presentation and project management skills

Relevant training and/or certifications as a Chemical Engineer

Frequently asked questions

What does a Chemical Engineer do?

A Chemical Engineer applies scientific and engineering principles to improve processes and equipment used in the production of various products, such as chemicals, fuels, drugs, and food.

What are the duties and responsibilities of a Chemical Engineer?

A Chemical Engineer develops manufacturing processes, monitors and tests production processes, implements safety procedures, designs manufacturing equipment layouts, and analyzes data to optimize production and quality.

What makes a good Chemical Engineer?

A good Chemical Engineer possesses problem-solving skills, effective communication and presentation abilities, project management skills, and a strong background in chemistry, physics, and mathematics. They are detail-oriented and have a passion for continuous improvement.

Who does a Chemical Engineer work with?

A Chemical Engineer works with a team of engineers specializing in different areas of production, as well as cross-functional teams, technicians, and stakeholders in industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food processing.

What skills should a Chemical Engineer have?

A Chemical Engineer should have technical skills in chemical processes, computer literacy for simulations and data analysis, strong problem-solving abilities, effective communication skills, project management skills, and knowledge of safety and waste management procedures.

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Use this Chemical Engineer job description template to advertise your open roles and attract top candidates for your organization.

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Petroleum engineers find new methods to improve their ways in the extraction and production of oil and gas. They use advanced techniques and tools to ensure a safe and efficient operation to extract the resources. By coming up with new strategies and plans they find new ways to reduce the cost and the impact of the environment while improving their techniques and efficiency.

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What does a petroleum engineer do? - CareerExplorer

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A petroleum engineer is involved in the exploration, extraction, production, and refining of oil and gas resources. Petroleum engineers play an important role in the energy industry by applying scientific and engineering principles to maximize the efficiency and profitability of oil and gas operatio…

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They are responsible for supervising the nuclear facilities to make sure no safety regulations are violated to maintain the safety of their operations. They research for uses of nuclear energy, develop reactors, generating nuclear plants, and radiation shielding. They/ also, “...apply principles and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release, control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal.”

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Job Overview

Come work at Example Co., a leading firm in our industry in the metro area. We're pleased to have a 4.0 Glassdoor rating. We are looking to hire an experienced Nuclear Engineer to help us keep growing. If you're hard-working and dedicated, Example Co. is an ideal place to get ahead. Apply today!

Responsibilities for Nuclear Engineer

Supervise the loading of fuel onto a nuclear reactor

Oversee technicians who use radiation technology to manufacture products

Maintain safe radiation levels

Develop new concepts of thermonuclear analysis and new uses of radioactive processes

Research new uses for nuclear energy in the industrial or medical field

Develop reactor cores, radiation shielding, and related instruments

Design and develop nuclear plants that generate power

Work on the production, handling, and use of nuclear fuel

Qualifications for Nuclear Engineer

Detail-oriented and able to solve problems independently

Lab and field work during studies highly recommended

Ability to operate complex machinery

Possess a strong mathematics background

Keep up to date with fast-moving developments in science and technology

A passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam

Solid understanding of natural sciences

Excellent written and verbal communication skills

Relevant work experience

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Nuclear Engineer responsibilities and qualifications. Check out and use our examples of Nuclear Engineer job descriptions from real companies.

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Automotive engineers develop designs that have to deal with a vehicles part, engine, and transmission. They use computer software to help with the predicting the situations that the vehicle parts may have. They also “...come up with completely new solutions for making cars more efficient and environmentally friendly.

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What Does an Automotive Engineer Do? - Job Description & Education Requirements

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Learn about the educational requirements and work experience you need to make it in automotive engineering, and find out how much you could earn…

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Ceramic engineers use materials from the Eartlh to create ceramic materials and use old ceramic materials to improve them for better performance and resistance. They process, design, and develop equipment and materials for the manufacturing process. They also, “...enhance upon the technology of existing ceramic materials by improving heat and fire resistance.”

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Ceramic Engineers are specialized engineers that work with ceramic or inorganic materials like glass, brick or cement, that are processed at high temperatures. They develop new ceramic products as well as new methods for processing the materials.

What is a Ceramic Engineer?

The following responsibilities are common for individuals pursing Ceramic Engineering:

Conducts research, designs machinery and tools, develops processing techniques and tests the heat resistance of the materials.

Analyzes test results to determine strength combinations of new products and materials and improve old materials

Researches different methods of painting, forming and firing the clay and ceramic materials

Designs equipment for the forming and firing of the ceramic materials

A Day In The Life
Ceramic Engineers specialize in the design and development of ceramic materials in industrial and commercial use.

The term ceramics engineer is a very broad field. Various industries use ceramics, including dentistry, electronics, telecommunications, aeronautics physics and chemistry.

They develop new ceramic materials from materials found in the Earth. Some engineers will enhance upon the technology of existing ceramic materials by improving heat and fire resistance. Many engineers are also involved in production. They direct the process of the organic and inorganic materials used to make the ceramics. They also design and develop the kilns and other tools and equipment used for ceramic manufacturing.
Typical Work Schedule
They work a 40 hour work week mostly in office settings or laboratories.
Projected Job Growth
Ceramic engineers are always needed in electronics and biotechnology. Growth should be especially rapid for engineers in the nano-technology field.
Typical Employers
Most Ceramic Engineers are employed in the stone, glass or clay industries. While others work in industries that use ceramics like aerospace, iron, steel and chemical industries. Some engineers teach and do research for the government or universities.

How To Become a Ceramic Engineer

A bachelor's degree is needed to become a ceramic engineer. Classes like, physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and mathematics, will be required to obtain this degree. Work experience is preferred by employers, therefor, many student complete internships while obtaining their education. They also must complete continuing education courses to remain certified throughout their careers as well.

This work requires a deep understanding of the materials of the Earth as well as an understanding of the needs and limitations of the applications applied to those materials.

Ceramic Engineer Salary Data

We've provided you the following to learn more about this career. The salary and growth data on this page comes from recently published Bureau of Labor Statistics data while the recommendations and editorial content are based on our research.

National Anual Salary

National Hourly Wage

How do Ceramic Engineer salaries stack up to other jobs across the country? Based on the latest jobs data nationwide, Ceramic Engineer's can make an average annual salary of $94,690, or $46 per hour. On the lower end, they can make $69,530 or $33 per hour, perhaps when just starting out or based on the state you live in.

Salary Rankings And Facts

Programs and Degrees

Here are the most common degrees for becoming a Ceramic Engineer. a is usually recommended and specifically a degree or coursework that prepares you for the particular field, see below.

Highest Education Among Ceramic Engineers

Job Growth Projections and Forecast

How does Ceramic Engineer job growth stack up to other jobs across the country? By 2024, there will be a change of 300 jobs for a total of 25,600 people employed in the career nationwide. This is a 1.2% change in growth over the next ten years, giving the career a growth rate nationwide of Above Average.

Growth Rankings And Facts

What Companies Employ The Most Ceramic Engineers

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Ceramic Engineer - Salary, How to Become, Job Description & Best Schools

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Ceramic Engineers are specialized engineers that work with ceramic or inorganic materials like glass, brick or cement, that are processed at high temperatures. They develop new ceramic products as well as new methods for processing the materials.

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An audio engineer works with the mechanics behind audio production. They ensure the best sound possible by recording, mixing, and reproducing it. They also “... are the experts who deal with the technical and mechanical aspects of sound.”

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Audio engineering is a broad field, and there's a lot more to it than you might think. With a wide range of career options and responsibilities, audio experts can perform a myriad of jobs. Here is your ultimate guide to what audio engineering is, so you can understand the ins and outs of the audio world.

What Does an Audio Engineer Do?

An audio engineer (also known as a sound engineer) works with all of the mechanics of recording, mixing, and reproducing sound. Audio engineers aren't the performers or producers of music or audio-they are the experts who deal with the technical and mechanical aspects of sound.

When you think about a recording studio, the audio engineer is the person sitting behind the large board of knobs and sliders. It is their job to regulate the various volume levels and to ensure the best sound quality.

What Are Career Paths for an Audio Degree?

There's so much more to audio production and management than just audio engineering. With an audio degree, you open the doors to work in a wide variety of careers.

Here are just a few of the careers you can pursue with an audio degree.
Live Audio Engineer
A live audio engineer (sometimes called Live Sound Engineer) steps out of the production room and into music venues. They use their training and knowledge to help live performances sound their best and to record live productions. Some live audio engineers even join musicians on tour, making sure that each stop has the right sound quality.
Audio Broadcast Engineer
Also known as broadcast and sound engineers or broadcast technicians, these experts maintain the electrical equipment for radio programs, television broadcasts, concerts, or other media programs. Where other audio experts specialize in the recording and production of audio, broadcast engineers focus primarily on live broadcasts.
Game and Audio Design Engineer
The sounds of video games are sometimes more famous than the game they go with. Game and audio design engineers focus on not just the background music but the sound effects and noises heard throughout a game.

Audio Production Assistan t

Production assistant (PA) refers to a broad category of jobs. While PAs can do just about anything, their main role is to act as the intermediary between everyone involved in a project. They get all parties ready for the production, communicate instructions or directions, and ensure that everything is ready to go. The PA is often the first one in and the last one out of a recording session.
Mastering Engineer
Depending on the size and structure of the recording studio, there can be complex nuances between the different roles of the engineers that work there. You might see different positions like tracking engineers, mixing engineers, and mastering engineers. In many companies, however, especially in smaller production companies, those roles are covered entirely by the mastering engineer. A mastering engineer is responsible for polishing and refining a recording to make it sound as great as possible. It's their job to remove tonal imbalances, white noise, or any other mistake or blemish that shows up in the recording.
Music Producer
While an audio engineer is faced with the technical side of audio recording, a producer tackles creative and managerial tasks. Producers work alongside musicians, performers, and audio engineers to help reach a production goal or vision. A producer will help choose songs, write or suggest changes to the piece, and even coach artists throughout their recordings. They work to achieve a specific sound they have in mind and to bring out the best of the artists.
Post-Production Expert
You might have heard someone say before that they're unhappy with what they've created, but they'll "fix it in post." Post-production experts are the ones responsible for all of those fixes. Projects typically go into post-production for the final refinement and polishing of the piece. Post-production includes recording and synching voiceover, audio FX, foley, and ADR for film or TV. Each of these ensures that the audio in the completed product is high quality.
Sound Designer
A sound designer works in both film and live theatre; they are the artistic director in charge of the audio experience, using audio to help create and enhance the mood, atmosphere, and tone of a scene. This helps create an immersive experience for the audience because both the visuals and audio need to work together to help transport the audience.

How Do You Become an Audio Engineer?

If you want to become an audio engineer, there are a couple of different paths you can take. Here's what you need to know about your options so you can determine which path is right for you.
Self-Taught
It is possible to learn how to become an audio engineer without any formal training or education. The benefit of taking this route is you don't have to worry about paying for school or taking time away from your current career. One downfall to learning how to become a professional audio engineer without any formal training is it might lead to a lot of failures or simple mistakes and errors that could have been avoided. The other disadvantage of being self-taught is that some companies will prioritize people with a degree until you have a large portfolio to showcase projects you have worked on.
Higher Education
There are a variety of training or degree programs that can help you gain the knowledge and training you need to learn audio engineering. These programs are built with your future in mind and aim to help you be prepared for the career of your dreams. An audio degree or diploma can give you an extra edge over your competition when applying for a job opening. Degrees also help you start to build your portfolio through various projects and assignments you work on throughout your program.

Audio Programs at SAE Institute

At SAE Institute, our audio programs include four different paths you can take. You can earn an audio diploma or an audio technology diploma in as little as twelve months, earn your Audio Associate of Applied Science in as little as 16 months, or earn your Audio Bachelor of Applied Science in 32 months.

With each program at SAE Institute, you will learn and develop skills that will help you in your future career like:

Recording and mixing

Audio engineering

Music programming

Live performance engineering

Electronic music production

Video game audio creation and integration

Post-production

Adaptive audio integration

No matter which program you enroll in, we offer a curriculum that helps our students become prepared both technically and creatively. Our industry-standard equipment will help you build your knowledge and skills to help you gain practical training, as well as guided development in a series of projects specially developed to demonstrate knowledge to prospective employers.

Refine Your Portfolio

A large part of being an audio engineer isn't just what you know, but seeing that knowledge in practice. Whether you entered through a degree program or you're self-taught, your next goal should be to continually improve your portfolio. Your portfolio should showcase your best jobs, any specialties you have, as well as a diverse showcase of genres and styles of jobs you have worked on. If you're looking to be competitive for more popular or high-end jobs, you have to have a portfolio that showcases your skills.

Prepare for Your Future at SAE Institute

At SAE Institute, you know you're getting a quality education from an accredited institution that can prepare you for your future. Contact us today about our audio programs to find out more about what audio engineering is and how we can help you reach your goals.

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What Is Audio Engineering? - SAE Institute USA

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Here is your ultimate guide to what audio engineering is, so you can understand the ins and outs of the audio world.

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They make components for computers and test them and update other components that are already there. They make around 132,360$ annually and 63.64$/h. They work in labs testing different models of computers for failure and seeing what needs to be either replaced or fixed or updated. To get a job related to the field you would need a bachelors degree in computer engineering or something related and for better chances a masters.

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Computer Hardware Engineers : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer systems and components such as processors, circuit boards, memory devices, networks, and routers.

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They design, develop, construct, test, and supervise electrical equipment. They make around 104,610$ annually and about 50.29$/h. They design ways to use electricity, do calculations to be able to make, work with complaints, design components, and design maintenance procedures.

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Mechanical engineers manly design machines like, electric generators, elevators, escalators, and air-conditioning systems.

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Median Starting Pay - $81k
Needed Schooling - 4 years and a first degree in mechanical engineering or related subjects that are close fields.
Job Postings - First Posting : Heidelberg Materials US, Inc.
Reading, PA (full time). Second Posting : LaBine and Associates,
Allentown, PA (full time)

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An ocean engineer is not well known but very useful because their job is to create and deliver technical solutions to problems that interfere with the structures that are within or close to the ocean. They also design underwater vehicles and sub-sea structures.

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Ocean engineers work alongside other professionals including marine biologists, marine engineers and oceanographers to advance ocean-based engineering design and research projects and solve technical challenges related to oceans.

Ocean engineers are responsible for overseeing the design, construction and maintenance of equipment and systems for marine environments.

Working with both offshore and near-shore systems, the typical duties of ocean engineers include observing offshore oil fields to assess their impact on ocean systems, designing floating and static ocean structures, creating structures and practices to protect or restore coastal areas and ocean systems, developing underwater vehicles and transportation solutions and researching methods for extracting energy from the oceans.

Ocean engineers are employed by a range of different organisations, from governments to oil and gas and wind energy companies. The types of work undertaken by these professionals depends upon the needs of their employers, but can cover a broad range of areas.

Some of the types of work undertaken by ocean engineers include:

1. Coastal Design, Protection and Restoration:

Coastal engineering uses many of the same skills as civil engineering among other disciplines to deliver solutions to protect and restore coastlines from the effects of the sea, including erosion and rising sea levels. This may involve the use of breakwaters, culverts and sea walls or more organic (or 'green') solutions such as aquatic planting, mangroves or marshlands. While man-made (or 'grey') solutions tend to be more expensive to build and maintain they may offer better protection against high-energy ocean forces. Ocean engineers may opt to use a hybrid approach that combines both grey and green solutions.

2. Deep Sea and Underwater Life Support Systems:

Ocean engineers use their knowledge and skills to devise underwater life support systems such as hyperbaric dive chambers which require a knowledge of pressure vessels, diving physiology and thermodynamics. Ranging from small chambers to larger life-support systems and ocean space habitats, these solutions are vital to allow underwater work, exploration and conservation efforts.

3. Ocean Wave Energy:

The power of the waves can be used to produce energy and ocean engineers are called upon to help devise solutions to harness the potential of this natural and renewable energy resource.

4. Offshore Oil Platforms:

Offshore platforms need to be resilient enough to withstand ocean currents and wave forces as well as coping with saltwater corrosion and marine life fouling. In addition, these platforms must be structurally sound and anchored to the seabed. Ocean engineers help to ensure all of this as well as assisting with related components such as drilling apparatus and preventing contaminating oil leaks.

5. Offshore Wind Assets:

Offshore wind farms encounter many of the same challenges faced by offshore oil platforms and ocean engineers work to ensure their safe and efficient operation in challenging offshore environments.

6. Port and Harbour Design:

Ocean engineers work on the design, planning, creation, expansion and maintenance of both natural and artificial harbours. This includes working to ensure ports are safe and capable of operating along the coastline to allow vessels to moor and be loaded and unloaded.This involves an understanding of the various loads imposed on these coastal structures over time.

7. Unmanned Underwater Vehicles:

Ocean engineers also help with the design and safe use of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). These vehicles are deployed in locations that could be too remote, deep or cold to reasonably be accessed by manned vehicles. UUVs can be remotely operated, autonomous or semi-autonomous.

Ocean engineers can work with a range of organisations and play a role in fields including international trade, national defence, oceanography, oil and gas, transport, underwater exploration and offshore wind.

Combining many of the skills of other professionals such as civil, environmental and mechanical engineers, the work of ocean engineers has ties to other professions including naval architects and marine engineers.

Working around the design and construction of ships, dams, and other marine and coastal structures, ocean engineers will typically be required to visit offshore or coastal regions but will also spend time based in offices undertaking planning and design work.

The exact location will depend upon the employer and the requirements of the role, whether supervising construction on-site, designing solutions from an office location or working as consultants, educators or trainers.

The salary for ocean engineers depends on yur employer, the nature of your work and your level of experience. As with all engineering roles, the rate of pay will increase with experience.

As of 2023, Glassdoor.com note that the average base salary for an ocean engineer is £37,858 per annum, covering a range from around £24,000 to £60,000 for more experienced professionals. However, payscale.com was more conservative with an average salary of £31,361, while Indeed.com noted an average of £34,642 per year.

In the United States, as of 2019, Chron.com reported that the Bureau of Labor Statistics placed the average salary at $98,730 per year, with a range of between $75,500 and $147,710, depending on experience.

Because of the many similarities, ocean engineering is often placed under the umbrella of marine engineering, but there are differences between these two disciplines.

Marine engineering is focused on the design, operation and maintenance of shipboard systems and machinery, whereas ocean engineering focuses on structures and systems in or adjacent to the oceans themselves.

You can find out more about marine engineering in our dedicated FAQ.

Ocean engineers create and deliver technical solutions to problems related to structures within or near the ocean. This includes the design, construction and maintenance of assets such as wind turbines and oil rigs as well as sub-sea structures and underwater vehicles and life support systems.

Ocean engineers also help protect coastlines from erosion and other effects of waves, using both man-made and organic solutions.

The work of ocean engineers combines skills and knowledge from other engineering disciplines, such as civil and mechanical engineering as well as natural science.

Is Ocean Engineering a Good Degree?

Degrees in ocean engineering offer a route into an interesting and important career, with many students taking their studies beyond a bachelor's degree to take in a master's degree to solidify their skills and knowledge to become more attractive to employers. Students who study ocean engineering can take their skills and knowledge into related areas like naval architecture with some extra training as required.

Is Ocean Engineering Hard?

Ocean engineering studies require dedication and perseverance but will open up a wealth of opportunities with a range of employers from government agencies to the oil and gas industry and more.

Can Civil Engineering Be Automated?

It is unlikely that ocean engineering will be automated due to the complexity of the role and the need for human judgement to help projects succeed. That being said, automation and artificial intelligence can assist with the work of engineers, including ocean engineers.

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What is Ocean Engineering? (Everything You Need To Know)

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Ocean engineering is a an engineering field that is concerned with systems and structures that are in or adjacent to the ocean, including coastal structures like harbours or piers, offshore platforms and other ocean systems such as underwater life-support systems and ocean wave energy conversion systems.

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A 3D printing engineer is someone who designs and creates prototypes based on a business and/or a consumers needs. So all in all they make CAD models for their clients.

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A 3D printing engineer is in charge of designing and creating prototypes and three-dimensional objects based on business or consumer needs. They design, integrate, and support these prototypes and assist with the deployment of digital software to production. Therefore, they use CAD software and 3D printers. What does a 3D printing engineer do?

What is 3D printing?

3D printing, also called additive manufacturing, is the process of constructing a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or any other digital file. This is done by laying down many successive, thin layers of material on top of each other, hence the name additive manufacturing.

A common example of a production process in additive manufacturing is Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, or WAAM.

In this process, layers of metal are deposited on top of each other to create a 3D shape by using metal wire as the material and an electric arc as an energy source.

The entire process is controlled by an industrial robot and therefore allows engineers to build much larger parts - this is particularly useful in industries such as healthcare, aerospace, automotive, energy, or consumer goods.

3D printing engineers play a crucial role in harnessing the power of additive manufacturing, pushing the boundaries of innovation and revolutionising industries as the ones mentioned above.

How does 3D printing help engineering?

Complex designs: 3D printing allows engineers in all industries to print more complex designs, making it easier for them to experiment with shapes and geometries that may not be financially viable with existing techniques.

Reduced waste: This is one of the main benefits of 3D printing in engineering. Since the material is added layer by layer, there is less waste and a more environmentally friendly option. In traditional manufacturing processes, the material waste can be huge. For example, engineers in the civil industry can produce next to no excess waste during a construction project by using computer-aided software.

Customization and speed: It's easier for engineers to modify or adapt a design so that it meets the requirements. As a result, 3D printing allows to produce highly customized products. Also, processes are faster because 3D printing allows engineers to test their ideas and designs early in the process.

Cost savings: 3D printing equipment is expensive but can lead to cost savings in the long run. There is no need to outsource the processes or buy tooling and molds and thanks to customization, speed in processes, etc. engineers will save time and money.

Responsibilities of a 3D Printing Engineer

A 3D printing engineer is in charge of exploring and creating new concepts in the field in which they work and then developing those concepts into 3D models.

The role of a 3D printing engineer starts with conceptualizing and designing the product (therefore they use computer-aided design (CAD) software. Then they convert the digital model into a format that a 3D printer can read.

They decide the printing technique they need for the desired outcome and also the most suitable materials.

The 3D printing engineer sets the digital printing and processing conditions, such as time, speed, temperature and environment, and analyses the results of the printed files. If there are any imperfections in the printed product, they will need to make the necessary changes to improve it.

3D printing engineers are also responsible for improving the production process and that manufacturing is done in accordance with relevant quality standards. They need to stay updated with the latest news and improvements in additive manufacturing technology, 3D printing techniques and materials, too.

3D printing engineers prepare technical reports and presentations to summarise results and status and lead post-processing routines such as machining and cleaning 3D printed parts.

What are 3D printing engineers responsible for?

Explore and create new concepts by collaborating with other team members

Understand the design requirements and ensure it's suitable for 3D printing

Develop concepts into 3D models

Select the most appropriate materials and printing technniques

Establish digital printing and processing conditions such as time, temperature and environment

Analyse results of printed object and make adjustments in case these are needed

Improve production process and resolve issues that might arise during the printing process

Ensure manufacturing is done in accordance with relevant quality standards

Prepare technical reports and presentations (documentation includes design files, quality control measures, printing parameters, etc.)

Lead post-processing routines such as machining and cleaning 3D printed parts.

What skills are required for a 3D Printing Engineer?

3D printing engineers need to have a strong understanding of 3D technologies and experience with 3D CAD software. They must also have knowledge of manufacturing production and processes and understand design for additive manufacturing (DFAM).

These engineers must possess the ability to design, repair and modify 3D CAD data and have knowledge of a range of different post-processing techniques and surface finishing.

They must also have knowledge of different materials used in 3D printing and have basic understanding of product and business development.

Like all engineers, they must have strong communication and presentation skills and an excellent attention to detail. They also need to have the ability to work well in a team.

Finally, a 3D printing engineer should have a passion for learning and keeping up to date with the latest advances in 3D printing, which is a rapidly evolving field where new technologies, materials and techniques are emerging on a regular basis.

Skills of a 3D printing engineer:

Strong understanding of 3D technologies

Experience with 3D CAD software such as AutoCAD and Fusion 360

Knowledge of different materials used in 3D printing (plastics, metals, ceramics, and composites)

Knowledge of manufacturing production and processes

Familiarity with 3D printing technologies such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SPA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), etc.

Ability to design, repair and modify 3D CAD data

Experience with operating 3D printers

Knowledge of range of different post-processing techniques and surface finishing

Understanding of quality control processes

Strong communication and good presentation skills

Excellent attention to detail and problem-solving skills

Ability to work well in a team

How do I become a 3D Printing Engineer?

A Bachelor's degree is typically required to secure a job as a 3D printing engineer. This can be in Engineering, Computer Science, Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, or any other related field. A bachelor degree provides with a solid foundation in engineering principles.

Some may also choose to pursue a Master's Degree in the same fields or specialising in additive manufacturing. This will make candidates more competitive.

You can also expand your knowledge and improve your skills by obtaining certifications related to this role. Check out options for these down below:

Besides certifications and titles, gain relevant experience with 3D printing and learn about its applications and processes. This will make all the difference.

Don't forget to continue to learn and keep up with this evolving field by attending industry conferences, reading industry publications, etc.

Salary of a 3D Printing Engineer

3D printing engineers typically earn around $84,000 per year on average in the US. Engineers who are just starting their careers can expect a salary of around $54,000 whereas those with years of experience can earn around $133,000 per year.

These numbers can of course vary depending on the industry you're in, the skills you have and the position you occupy.

In Germany, 3D printing engineers can earn anywhere between €25,000-€135,000 whereas in the UK, they can earn between £31,000-£54,000.

How much do 3D printing engineers make?

How much do freelancers in the 3D printing industry make?

3D Printing Engineers on freelancermap charge on average:

Rates in the 3D Printing Industry range between $40 and $96/hour for most freelancers.

The daily rate for 3D Print Engineers (8 working hours) would be around:

Other interesting job profiles

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What Does A 3D Printing Engineer Do? | Job Role & Insights

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3D Printing Engineer role: ✓ Responsibilities ✓ Skills ✓ Salary ➔ Read more about the 3D Printing Engineer position

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An Astronautical engineer specializes in the design, Develop and manufacture of spacecrafts. Although its not just spaceships that they design they also work on satellites, space capsules, planetary probes, missiles and rockets.

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With an online Master of Science in Engineering from the University of California, Riverside, the sky truly is the limit. Those who specialize in aerospace engineering and deal with aircraft and spacecraft know just how true that statement is, as there's no end to the sky's expanse.

Much like the air up there, aerospace engineering is a broad, extensive field that has several offshoots. One of which is astronautical engineering. These professionals use many of the same engineering skills and solutions as other professionals in science and engineering, but their field is more confined to a particular "space" - in the literal sense of the term. And with an online master's in mechanical engineering, you'll receive an education that is out of this world.

You may be curious, though, about what an astronautical engineer does and how the job differs from other branches of aerospace engineering.

What is astronautical engineering all about?

As their title more or less implies, astronautical engineers design, develop and manufacture spacecraft, the same vehicles astronauts use to journey past the skies and into what in many ways remains the great unknown. Space vehicles have come a long way in a relatively short period of time. Thanks to state-of-the-art technology, unmanned devices can travel greater distances and remain there for longer periods through intelligent navigational systems and remote sensing. These capabilities are largely attributable to the work and technical know how that astronautical engineers provide to aerospace systems, in particular, and the science and engineering field overall.

In addition to space vehicles, astronautical engineering experts are also commonly involved in the manufacture or design of satellites, space capsules, planetary probes, missiles and rockets. These are highly technical pieces of machinery and require a deft understanding of control systems and core principles of physics, flight and mathematics. Many of these skills are taught in UC Riverside's online core engineering curriculum, including Technology Innovation and Strategy for Engineers, Introduction to Systems Engineering as well as Engineering in the Global Environment.

How is astronautical engineering different from aerospace engineering?

Perhaps the best way to think of astronautical engineering is as a derivative of aerospace engineering. In other words, aerospace is more of an umbrella term, whereas astronautical is a specialty. As noted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, those with aerospace engineering backgrounds usually have expertise in one of two engineering disciplines: aeronautical or astronautical. Whereas astronautical engineers work with the science and technology of designing spacecraft and satellites, aeronautical engineers handle aircraft and propulsion systems, confined to those that operate under the Earth's atmosphere. However, there is some overlap between the two professions because they use many of the same skills, tools and abilities for their employers.

While astronautical engineers do not meet the technical definition of astronauts, many of those who went on to be astronauts came from backgrounds in astronautical engineering.

Do you get a lot of hands-on experience in astronautical engineering?

As with many other professions in the sciences, astronautical engineering does involve a lot of book learning. However, hands-on experience is equally as important, if not more so, because many of the skills taught in the classroom - or online - must be put into practice to gain greater expertise and understanding. Ideal candidates for open positions are often those who may have worked on engineering projects in college as a volunteer or intern at research facilities. The faculty at UC Riverside come from experience, which can enable students to better appreciate what they can expect in real-world settings with employers. Aerospace product and parts manufacturing firms, the federal government and engineering services are among the most common employers of astronautical engineers.

How much do astronautical engineers make in salary?

The field of aerospace engineering is broad, as is the earning potential. Based on the most recent figures available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for engineers in this field in 2018 was $115,220. That is nearly three times the median among all occupations and over $22,000 more than the typical engineer ($93,080). Earnings are largely determined by level of experience and the industry astronautical engineers wind up entering, such as research and development versus parts manufacturing. Level of education may also factor into earning potential. Entry-level work requires a minimum of a bachelor's degree, but some positions may list a master's degree as a prerequisite.

If you're looking to propel yourself into an exciting career, the University of California, Riverside can help you lift off. To learn more and discover some of the classes you will take through the online Master of Science in Engineering program, apply today.

Recommended Readings
Learn About Working as an Aerospace Engineer How to Narrow Down your Engineering Career of Choice University of California, Riverside Mechanical Engineering Program
Sources
BLS - Aerospace Engineers AllAboutCareers - Astronautical Engineer

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What is Astronautical Engineering? | UC Riverside

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Astronautical engineers design, develop and manufacture spacecraft - the same vehicles astronauts use to journey past the skies and into what in many ways remains the great unknown.

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Biomedical engineers create, design, and improve technologies that improve human health. These include artificial body parts, medical equipment, drug therapies, and rehabilitative exercise equipment. They contribute to the overall health of the human population.

Information from: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/biomedical-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Nuclear engineers research and develop projects or address problems in the use, control, release, and disposal of nuclear energy and waste. This includes reactor cores, nuclear batteries, and radiation shielding. They also oversee and inspect the operations of nuclear facilities.

Information from: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/nuclear-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Chemical engineers use chemistry, physics, and engineering to design and develop equipment and processes to manufacture products such as gasoline, detergents, and paper. They also create safety procedures for using dangerous chemicals.

Information from: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/chemical-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Median Pay (2022): $106,260 annually
Typical Education Required: A bachelor's degree in chemical engineering or a related field.
Job Posts: Post 1 - A full-time chemical engineering job at Kelly Services, in Gilbertsville, PA.
Post 2 - A full-time chemical engineering job at Stepan Company, in Ewing Township, NJ.

Information From: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/chemical-engineers.htm#tab-4

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Petroleum engineers design, develop, install, and inspect methods of drilling into and extracting gas and oil deposits from below the earth's surface. Once a deposit is discovered, they work with geoscientists and other specialists to formulate these methods.

Information from: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/petroleum-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Electrical engineers develop, design, test, install, inspect, and oversee the manufacturing of electrical equipment. This includes electric motors, radar, navigation equipment, communication systems, power generation equipment, automobile electrical systems, and more. They also "analyze the requirements and costs of electrical systems."

Information and quote from: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electrical-and-electronics-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Median Pay (2022): $104,610 annually
Typical Education Needed: A bachelor's degree in electrical engineering or a related field.
Job Posts: Post 1 - A full-time electrical engineering job at Cybel, in Bethlehem, PA.
Post 2 - A full-time electrical engineering job at Latitude, Inc., in Bethlehem, PA.

Information From: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electrical-and-electronics-engineers.htm#tab-4

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Mechanical engineers contribute to the design of all products in the world. They have to take into consideration almost everything that can go wrong with a product, and fix and improve the product. They are found in every industry, and are integral to the success or failure of nearly every product on the market.

Information from: https://www.me.columbia.edu/what-mechanical-engineering

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Median Starting Salary - $86k
Needed Schooling - 4 years of school and needs to have a bachelor's degree in either aeronautical engineering or aerospace engineering.
Job Postings - First posting : Northrop Grumman, Clearfield, PA (full time). Second posting : Lockhead Martin, Patuxent River, MD (full time)

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Their job is to simply design, build, and maintain ships. This can be a wide rang of types of boats, from aircraft carriers to submarines. But that is not all that they do because they are also in charge of the internal systems of the ship which include propulsion, electrical, refrigeration, and steering systems.

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Summary

Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=445nfaA6gdI.

Quick Facts: Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
2018 Median Pay

$92,560 per year
$44.50 per hour

Marine engineers and naval architects design, build, and maintain ships, from aircraft carriers to submarines and from sailboats to tankers.

Marine engineers and naval architects typically work in offices, where they have access to computer software and other tools necessary for analyzing projects and designing solutions. Sometimes, they must go to sea to test or maintain the ships that they have designed or built.

Marine engineers and naval architects typically need a bachelor's degree in marine engineering and naval architecture, respectively, or a related degree, such as a degree in mechanical or electrical engineering.

The median annual wage for marine engineers and naval architects was $92,560 in May 2018.

Employment of marine engineers and naval architects is projected to grow 9 percent from 2018 to 2028, faster than the average for all occupations. The need to design environmentally friendly ships and systems to transport energy products, such as liquefied natural gas, across the globe will help to spur employment growth for this occupation.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for marine engineers and naval architects.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of marine engineers and naval architects with similar occupations.

Learn more about marine engineers and naval architects by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

What Marine Engineers and Naval Architects Do About this section

Marine engineers and naval architects design, build, and maintain ships, from aircraft carriers to submarines and from sailboats to tankers. Marine engineers are also known as marine design engineers or marine mechanical engineers and are responsible for the internal systems of a ship, such as the propulsion, electrical, refrigeration, and steering systems. Naval architects are responsible for the ship design, including the form, structure, and stability of hulls.

Duties

Marine engineers typically do the following:

Prepare system layouts and detailed drawings and schematics

Inspect marine equipment and machinery, and draw up work requests and job specifications

Conduct environmental, operational, or performance tests on marine machinery and equipment

Design and oversee the testing, installation, and repair of marine equipment

Investigate and test machinery and equipment to ensure compliance with standards

Coordinate activities with regulatory bodies to ensure that repairs and alterations are done safely and at minimal cost

Prepare technical reports for use by engineers, managers, or sales personnel

Prepare cost estimates, contract specifications, and design and construction schedules

Maintain contact with contractors to make sure that the work is being done correctly, on schedule, and within budget

Naval architects typically do the following:

Study design proposals and specifications to establish basic characteristics of a ship, such as its size, weight, and speed

Develop sectional and waterline curves of the ship's hull to establish the center of gravity, the ideal hull form, and data on buoyancy and stability

Design entire ship hulls and superstructures, following safety and regulatory standards

Design the complete layout of ships' interiors, including spaces for machinery and auxiliary equipment, passenger compartments, cargo space, ladder wells, and elevators

Confer with marine engineers to design the layout of boiler room equipment, heating and ventilation systems, refrigeration equipment, electrical distribution systems, safety systems, steering systems, and propulsion machinery

Lead teams from a variety of specialties to oversee building and testing prototypes

Evaluate how ships perform during trials, both in the dock and at sea, and change designs as needed to make sure that national and international standards are met

Marine engineers and naval architects apply knowledge from a range of engineering fields to the entire water vehicles' design and production processes. Marine engineers also design and maintain offshore oil rigs and may work on alternative energy projects, such as wind turbines located offshore and tidal power.

Marine engineers and naval architects who work for ship and boat building firms design large ships, such as passenger ships and cargo ships, as well as small craft, such as inflatable boats and rowboats. Those who work in the federal government may design or test the designs of ships or systems for the Army, Navy, or Coast Guard.

Marine engineers should not be confused with ship engineers, who operate or supervise the operation of the machinery on a ship. For more information on ship engineers, see the profile on water transportation workers.

Marine engineers and naval architects held about 11,700 jobs in 2018. The largest employers of marine engineers and naval architects were as follows:

Engineering services

25%

Federal government, excluding postal service

9

Other professional, scientific, and technical services

7

Transportation and warehousing

4

Marine engineers and naval architects typically work in offices, where they have access to computer software and other tools necessary for analyzing projects and designing solutions. Sometimes, they must go to sea to test or maintain the ships that they have designed or built.

Marine engineers and naval architects who work on power generation projects, such as offshore wind turbines and tidal power, work along the coast-both offshore and on land. They also sometimes work on oil rigs, where they oversee the repair or maintenance of systems that they may have designed.

Naval architects often lead teams to create feasible designs, and they must effectively use the skills that each person brings to the design process.

Work Schedules

Most marine engineers and naval architects work full time and some work more than 40 hours per week. Marine engineers who work at sea will work a schedule tied to the operations of their particular ship. Those who work onshore will have somewhat more regular work schedules. Naval architects, and marine engineers who are engaged primarily in design, are much more likely to work a regular schedule in an office or at a shipyard.

How to Become a Marine Engineer or Naval Architect About this section

Marine engineers and naval architects typically need a bachelor's degree in marine engineering and naval architecture, respectively, or a related degree, such as a degree in mechanical or electrical engineering. Some marine engineering and naval architecture programs are offered at state maritime academies.

Education

Programs in marine engineering and naval architecture typically include courses in calculus, physics, computer-aided design, fluid mechanics, ship hull strength, and mechanics of materials. Most programs also include time at sea, where students gain hands-on experience on a vessel.

Some marine engineering and naval architecture programs are offered at state maritime academies. Students studying at the maritime academies spend time at sea, usually during the summer, to gain onboard operating experience. For more information about state maritime academies, visit the Maritime Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation.

Programs in engineering and naval architecture are accredited by ABET.

Students interested in preparing for this occupation benefit from taking high school courses in math, such as algebra, trigonometry, and calculus; and science, such as chemistry and physics. For aspiring naval architects, drafting courses are helpful.

Important Qualities

Communication skills. Marine engineers and naval architects must give clear instructions and explain complex concepts when leading projects.

Ingenuity. Marine engineers and naval architects must use operations analysis to create a design to perform the ship's functions. They then employ critical-thinking skills to anticipate and correct any deficiencies before the ship is built or set to sea.

Interpersonal skills. Marine engineers and naval architects meet with clients to analyze their needs for ship systems. Engineers must discuss progress with clients to keep redesign options open before the project is too far along.

Math skills. Marine engineers and naval architects use the principles of calculus, trigonometry, and other advanced topics in math for analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their work.

Problem-solving skills. Marine engineers must design several systems that work well together in ships. Naval architects and marine engineers are expected to solve problems for their clients. They must draw on their knowledge and experience to make effective decisions.

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations

Along with earning a bachelor's degree, students at states' maritime academies take exams for licensure from the U.S. Coast Guard.

Another type of engineering license is the Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows for higher levels of leadership and independence and can be acquired later in one's career. Licensed engineers are called professional engineers (PEs). A PE can oversee the work of other engineers, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the public. State licensure generally requires

A degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program

A passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam

Relevant work experience, typically at least 4 years

A passing score on the Professional Engineering (PE) exam

The initial FE exam can be taken after earning a bachelor's degree. Engineers who pass this exam are commonly called engineers in training (EITs) or engineer interns (EIs). After meeting work experience requirements, EITs and EIs can take the second exam, called the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE).

Other experience

Employers also value practical experience, so cooperative education programs and internships, which provide college credit or structured job experience, can be helpful in getting a job in this occupation.

Advancement

Beginning marine engineers usually work under the supervision of experienced engineers. In larger companies, new engineers also may receive formal training in classrooms or seminars. As beginning engineers gain knowledge and experience, they move on to more difficult projects, on which they have greater independence to develop designs, solve problems, and make decisions.

Eventually, marine engineers may advance to become technical specialists or to supervise a team of engineers and technicians. Some may even become engineering managers or move into other managerial positions or sales work. In sales, an engineering background enables them to discuss technical aspects of certain kinds of engineering projects. Such knowledge is also useful in assisting clients in project planning, installation, and use. For more information, see the profiles on architectural and engineering managers and sales managers.

Median annual wages, May 2018

The median annual wage for marine engineers and naval architects was $92,560 in May 2018. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $65,090, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $148,950.

In May 2018, the median annual wages for marine engineers and naval architects in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Federal government, excluding postal service

$101,720

Transportation and warehousing

94,600

Engineering services

93,000

Other professional, scientific, and technical services

85,670

Most marine engineers and naval architects work full time and some work more than 40 hours per week. Marine engineers who work at sea will work a schedule tied to the operations of their particular ship. Those who work onshore will have somewhat more regular work schedules. Naval architects, and marine engineers who are engaged primarily in design, are much more likely to work a regular schedule in an office or at a shipyard.

Employment of marine engineers and naval architects is projected to grow 9 percent from 2018 to 2028, faster than the average for all occupations.

The need to design environmentally friendly ships and systems to transport energy products, such as liquefied natural gas, across the globe will help to spur employment growth for this occupation, although sometimes on ships sailing under foreign flags. Employment of marine engineers and naval architects also will be supported by the need to modify existing ships and their systems because of new emissions and pollution regulations on cargo shipping.

Moreover, new developments in the technology of offshore wind turbines have made the economics of such energy more feasible. With expertise in engineering projects for marine environment, this occupation will be needed to help plan and implement these energy projects.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2018

Projected Employment, 2028

Change, 2018-28

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Marine engineers and naval architects

17-2121

11,700

12,700

9

1,000
Get data

Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OES data maps for employment and wages by state and area.

Projections Central

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state's websites where these data may be retrieved.

CareerOneStop

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.

For more information about marine engineers and naval architects, visit
Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association American Society of Naval Engineers
For more information about general engineering education and career resources, visit
American Society for Engineering Education Maritime Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation Technology Student Association
For more information about accredited engineering programs, visit
ABET
O*NET
Marine Architects Marine Engineers Marine Engineers and Naval Architects

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Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=445nfaA6gdI. Quick Facts: Marine Engineers and Naval Architects 2018 Median Pay $92,560 per year $44.50 per hour Marine engineers and naval architects design, build, and maintain ships, from aircraft carriers to submarines and from sailboats to tankers.

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A structural engineer focuses on strengthening the stability of physical structures. To verify that the structure is reliable, has long term durability, and is compliant with codes, they examine and complete reports and blueprints, conceptualize drawings of structures and buildings, and give advice about how a structure, such as a bridges or roads, should be built and maintained.
Indeed, Recruit Holdings Co., Ltd. (2023, September 11). What does a structural engineer do. https://www.indeed.com/career/structural-engineer

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Nuclear engineers observe nuclear power plants, along with their operations and management, to make sure those power plants comply with all regulations of the federal government and the state government. They utilize and research reactor cores and radiation shielding in order upgrade their nuclear propulsion systems. Some of them calculate the correct production of doses and shielding for isotope production in the medical field and determine whether nuclear weapons meet readiness standards.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023, September 6). What Nuclear Engineers Do. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/nuclear-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Energy Engineers develop different tools and machinery to improve sustainable energy. These engineers are quite literally designing the future of the world. In addition, with fossil fuels rapidly depleting in the next decade, the world will have to rely on renewable energy and its engineers to heat their homes and power their stove.

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This career plays an important role in improving the processing and distribution of energy. The results of this industry include cost and waste reduction for businesses and individuals. What is an energy engineer? What does an energy conservation engineer job description entail? How much do energy engineers make? What level of education is required to become an engineer? This depends on the job, experience, and even location.

What Does an Energy Engineer Do?

These engineers develop solutions for improving energy consumption and use. Through research, design, documentation, and construction they implement green solutions, cutting down environmental impact and cost. Careers in energy engineering include those in wind and solar energy.

Energy Engineering Definition

Energy engineering is the process of extracting and converting resources into energy. In new energy engineering, the development and improvement of green technologies reduce energy consumption.

Key Skills & Traits

Energy engineers are environmentally conscious and proactively seek solutions to problems. They're analytical with a passion for math and science. They enjoy pioneering new and little-known technologies, paving the way to efficiently manage energy.

Renewable Energy Engineer Job Description

What is a renewable energy engineer? These engineers focus on sustainable energy planning and management. This includes the development and design of energy-efficient tools and machinery.

Junior Energy Engineer Job Description

An energy efficiency engineer career begins at a junior-level. The following duties are typically included in the job description for a junior engineer.

Assess and research existing site energy usage to identify areas of improvement.

Work collaboratively with other engineers in developing new or reviewing existing plans.

Support all project aspects including construction, operations, and maintenance.

Prepare proposals including cost estimates and project design.

Coordinate with vendors and contractors for resources and project completion.

Provide operational and construction support throughout the project.

Assist in the project design and documentation using design software.

Support the creation and presentation of documents and project updates.

Comply with industry standards for renewable energy sources

Senior Energy Engineer Job Description

A senior position generally requires the following duties.

Proactively identify energy opportunities for new and existing energy management.

Develop all work documents describing the scope of work and cost estimates.

Conduct site walk-throughs of current technologies, including cost, maintenance, and other pertinent information. Lead energy audits.

Provide support to other engineers in determining and implementing solutions.

Effectively communicate status updates and project needs.

Oversee training for the technology owner or operator.

Present documentation and project plans to clients and prospects.

Follow and promote compliance and safety.

Ensure that the scope of work is complete on all project plans and documentation.

Solar System Engineer Job Description

Solar engineers may work on varying project sizes from home installations to a solar project for a city. Depending on the project, a solar power engineer job description typically includes day to day tasks such as:

Consultations with existing and prospective clients.

Assessment of project sites.

Inspect solar installations.

Complete compliance reviews.

Wind Energy Engineer Job Description

What is a wind energy engineer and what does a wind energy engineer do? An engineer specializing in wind energy works on the design and installation of wind farms. There are many aspects to wind engineering. The day-to-day can vary depending on the engineer's specialty. Job descriptions include:

Design wind farm layouts, taking into account existing infrastructure onsite and nearby.

Oversee the manufacturing of wind turbines and other hardware.

Test each component and document the result of each completed test.

Where Do Energy Engineers Work?

These types of engineers usually work during standard business hours, though working hours are dependent on the project and client. Engineers in some specializations will find themselves spending more time in the field or traveling than in the office.

Where do solar energy engineers work?

When learning how to become a solar energy engineer, it's important to understand the work environment. Frequent travel may be necessary. For example, a domestic renewable energy engineer works mostly at job sites on installations and maintenance.

Where do wind energy engineers work?

Depending on the wind engineer's specialty, their work location can vary. Some work can be completed in-office while much of it is on-site. Some engineers work from a home office due to the high volume of travel to work sites.

What is the Average Renewable Energy Engineer Salary?

An energy efficiency engineer salary is dependent on factors including experience, specialization, and job location. Some salaries, like the energy systems engineering technician salary, are lower because the job requires less education and training. Licensed engineers will earn a higher salary due to their education and experience. The table below shows the annual wages of engineers by state.

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How to Become an Energy Engineer. These engineers develop solutions for improving energy consumption and use. Through research, design, documentation, and construction they implement green solutions, cutting down environmental impact and cost. Careers in energy engineering include those in wind and solar energy.

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Biomedical engineers bring technology into the medical field. These test and develop groundbreaking technology, such as body part replacement and even artificial organs to save numerous lives.

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Summary

Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBKj9Uh1PgI.

Quick Facts: Biomedical Engineers
2019 Median Pay

$91,410 per year
$43.95 per hour

Biomedical engineers combine engineering principles with medical sciences to design and create equipment, devices, computer systems, and software.

Most biomedical engineers work in manufacturing, universities, hospitals, and research facilities of companies and educational and medical institutions. They usually work full time.

Biomedical engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in biomedical engineering or bioengineering, or in a related engineering field. Some positions may require a graduate degree.

The median annual wage for biomedical engineers was $91,410 in May 2019.

Employment of biomedical engineers is projected to grow 5 percent from 2019 to 2029, faster than the average for all occupations. Increasing numbers of technologies and applications to medical equipment and devices, along with the medical needs of a growing and aging population, will require the services of biomedical engineers.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for biomedical engineers.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of biomedical engineers with similar occupations.

Learn more about biomedical engineers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

Biomedical engineers combine engineering principles with medical and biological sciences to design and create equipment, devices, computer systems, and software used in healthcare.

Duties

Biomedical engineers typically do the following:

Design biomedical equipment and devices, such as artificial internal organs, replacements for body parts, and machines for diagnosing medical problems

Install, adjust, maintain, repair, or provide technical support for biomedical equipment

Evaluate the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of biomedical equipment

Train clinicians and other personnel on the proper use of biomedical equipment

Research the engineering aspects of the biological systems of humans and animals with life scientists, chemists, and medical scientists

Prepare procedures, write technical reports, publish research papers, and make recommendations based on their research findings

Present research findings to scientists, nonscientist executives, clinicians, hospital management, engineers, other colleagues, and the public

Biomedical engineers design instruments, devices, and software used in healthcare; develop new procedures using knowledge from many technical sources; or conduct research needed to solve clinical problems. They frequently work in research and development or quality assurance.

Biomedical engineers design electrical circuits, software to run medical equipment, or computer simulations to test new drug therapies. In addition, they design and build artificial body parts, such as hip and knee joints. In some cases, they develop the materials needed to make the replacement body parts. They also design rehabilitative exercise equipment.

The work of these engineers spans many professional fields. For example, although their expertise is based in engineering and biology, they often design computer software to run complicated instruments, such as three-dimensional x-ray machines. Alternatively, many of these engineers use their knowledge of chemistry and biology to develop new drug therapies. Others draw heavily on math and statistics to build models to understand the signals transmitted by the brain or heart. Some may be involved in sales.

The following are examples of specialty areas within the field of biomedical engineering:

Bioinstrumentation uses electronics, computer science, and measurement principles to develop instruments used in the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems.

Biomaterials is the study of naturally occurring or laboratory-designed materials that are used in medical devices or as implantation materials.

Biomechanics involves the study of mechanics, such as thermodynamics, to solve biological or medical problems.

Clinical engineering applies medical technology to optimize healthcare delivery.

Rehabilitation engineering is the study of engineering and computer science to develop devices that assist individuals recovering from or adapting to physical and cognitive impairments.

Systems physiology uses engineering tools to understand how systems within living organisms, from bacteria to humans, function and respond to changes in their environment.

Some people with training in biomedical engineering become postsecondary teachers.

Biomedical engineers held about 21,200 jobs in 2019. The largest employers of biomedical engineers were as follows:

Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing

17%

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

14

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

9

Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state, local, and private

8

Healthcare and social assistance

8

Biomedical engineers work in teams with scientists, healthcare workers, or other engineers. Where and how they work depends on the project. For example, a biomedical engineer who has developed a new device designed to help a person with a disability to walk again might have to spend hours in a hospital to determine whether the device works as planned. If the engineer finds a way to improve the device, he or she might have to return to the manufacturer to help alter the manufacturing process to improve the design.

Work Schedules

Biomedical engineers usually work full time on a normal schedule. However, as with employees in almost any engineering occupation, biomedical engineers occasionally may have to work additional hours to meet the needs of patients, managers, colleagues, and clients. Some biomedical engineers work more than 40 hours per week.

Biomedical engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in biomedical engineering or bioengineering, or in a related engineering field. Some positions may require a graduate degree.

Education

Biomedical engineering and traditional engineering programs, such as mechanical and electrical, are typically good preparation for entering biomedical engineering jobs. Students who pursue traditional engineering programs at the bachelor's level may benefit from taking biological science courses.

Students interested in becoming biomedical engineers should take high school science courses, such as chemistry, physics, and biology. They should also take math courses, including algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. Courses in drafting or mechanical drawing and in computer programming are also useful.

Bachelor's degree programs in biomedical engineering and bioengineering focus on engineering and biological sciences. Programs include laboratory- and classroom-based courses, in subjects such as fluid and solid mechanics, computer programming, circuit design, and biomaterials. Other required courses may include biological sciences, such as physiology.

Accredited programs also include substantial training in engineering design. Many programs include co-ops or internships, often with hospitals and medical device and pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, to provide students with practical applications as part of their study. Biomedical engineering and bioengineering programs are accredited by ABET.

Important Qualities

Analytical skills. Biomedical engineers must analyze the needs of patients and customers to design appropriate solutions.

Communication skills. Because biomedical engineers sometimes work with patients and frequently work on teams, they must express themselves clearly. They must seek others' ideas and incorporate those ideas into the problem-solving process.

Creativity. Biomedical engineers must be creative to come up with innovative and integrative advances in healthcare equipment and devices.

Math skills. Biomedical engineers use the principles of calculus and other advanced topics in math and statistics, for analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their work.

Problem-solving skills. Biomedical engineers typically deal with and solve problems in complex biological systems.

Advancement

Biomedical engineers typically receive greater responsibility through experience and more education. To lead a research team, a biomedical engineer generally needs a graduate degree. Biomedical engineers who are interested in basic research may become medical scientists.

Some biomedical engineers attend medical or dental school to specialize in various techniques or topical areas, such as using electric impulses in new ways to get muscles moving again. Some earn law degrees and work as patent attorneys. Others pursue a master's degree in business administration (MBA) and move into managerial positions. For more information, see the profiles on lawyers and architectural and engineering managers.

Median annual wages, May 2019

The median annual wage for biomedical engineers was $91,410 in May 2019. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $55,280, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $148,210.

In May 2019, the median annual wages for biomedical engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

$105,720

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

92,230

Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing

89,400

Healthcare and social assistance

77,520

Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state, local, and private

73,300

Biomedical engineers usually work full time on a normal schedule. However, as with employees in almost any engineering occupation, biomedical engineers occasionally may have to work additional hours to meet the needs of patients, managers, colleagues, and clients. Some biomedical engineers work more than 40 hours per week.

Employment of biomedical engineers is projected to grow 5 percent from 2019 to 2029, faster than the average for all occupations.

Biomedical engineers likely will see employment growth because of increasing possibilities brought by new technologies and increasing applications to medical equipment and devices. Smartphone technology and three-dimensional printing are examples of technology being applied to biomedical advances.

As the aging baby-boom generation lives longer and stays active, the demand for biomedical devices and procedures, such as hip and knee replacements, is expected to increase. In addition, as the public continues to become more aware of medical advances, increasing numbers of people will seek biomedical solutions to their health problems from their physicians.

Biomedical engineers work with scientists, other medical researchers, and manufacturers to address a wide range of injuries and physical disabilities. Their ability to work in different activities with workers from other fields is enlarging the range of applications for biomedical engineering products and services.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2019

Projected Employment, 2029

Change, 2019-29

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Bioengineers and biomedical engineers

17-2031

21,200

22,200

5

1,000
Get data

Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OES data maps for employment and wages by state and area.

Projections Central

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state's websites where these data may be retrieved.

CareerOneStop

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.

For information about general engineering education and biomedical engineering career resources, visit
American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering American Society for Engineering Education Biomedical Engineering Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Technology Student Association
For information about accredited engineering programs, visit
ABET
CareerOneStop

For a career video on biomedical engineers, visit
Biomedical Engineers
O*NET
Biomedical Engineers

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Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBKj9Uh1PgI. Quick Facts: Biomedical Engineers 2019 Median Pay $91,410 per year $43.95 per hour Biomedical engineers combine engineering principles with medical sciences to design and create equipment, devices, computer systems, and software. Most biomedical engineers work in manufacturing, universities, hospitals, and research facilities of companies and educational and medical institutions.

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An electical engineer tests and oversees the installations, calculations, and development of many crucial types of electrical equipment, from nagivation and/or radar systems to electric motors. Electric engineers work to ensure that  electrical projects and products function properly, are completed in a timely manner, and adhere to all requirements and specific codes.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023, September 6). What Electrical and Electronics Engineers Do. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electrical-and-electronics-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Robotics engineers design and maintain machines and their software to reduce manufacturing costs and increase manufacturing safety. Robotics engineers even deal with the new industry of nanotechnology, to create machines that can manipulate matter on the atomic scale

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Recruiting Resources: How to Recruit and Hire Better

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What is a robotics engineer?

Robotics engineering is a field of engineering which centers on building machines that replicate human actions. A robotics engineer creates these applications or autonomous machines (aka robots) for industries such as mining, manufacturing, automotive, services and more. Often, the goal is to program machines to do repetitive, hazardous or unhealthy jobs.

What does a robotics engineer do?

A robotics engineer designs prototypes, builds and tests machines, and maintains the software that controls them. They also conduct research to find the most cost-efficient and safest process to manufacture their robotic systems.

Robotics engineer job duties include:

Conducting research in various robotics fields (e.g. nanotechnology)

Designing processes and prototypes to build machines

Testing robotic systems

If you like this robotics engineer job description, check out the rest of our engineering job descriptions.

Job brief

We are looking for a robotics engineer to design and build robotics applications and devices. You'll use computer-aided modeling to create drafts, and perform tests on the robots to ensure safety and quality.

For this job, you should have a degree in an engineering discipline. You should have deep knowledge of flexible automation and computer systems, and also possess an aptitude in cost and efficiency optimization.

If you also have a great deal of resourcefulness and a vision about what your machines can do, we'd like to meet you.

Responsibilities

Conduct research to determine the parameters of a robotic application

Design robotic systems from start to finish

Develop and implement software that will control robots

Create prototypes and work on necessary components (e.g. microprocessors)

Develop cost-effective and efficient processes to produce the machines

Perform integration tests and quality control

Apply machine learning techniques

Create complete documentation for robotic systems

Monitor the use of robotic systems and optimize their functionality

Troubleshoot defects in the robot design

Keep abreast of advancements in robotics and relevant fields of engineering

Requirements and skills

Previous experience as a robotics engineer or similar role

Well-versed in computer science, applied physics, and mechanics

Excellent knowledge of CAD/CAM software

Knowledge of cost, efficiency, and productivity optimization methods

Ability to develop and evaluate integrated systems

An analytical mind

Resourcefulness

Outstanding communication skills

Degree in Engineering, Computer Science or similar field

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Use this robotics engineer job description template to attract engineering candidates. Feel free to modify this example based on the needs of the role.

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A mechanical engineer plans and supervises the blueprints and production of the majority of products such as electric generators, convey systems, gas and seam turbines. Many mechanical engineers deal with fixing faulty operations and problems on mechanical devices.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023, September 6). What Mechanical Engineers Do. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/mechanical-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Aerospace engineers develop airplanes, helicopters, rotorcraft, and military missiles. In addition, they concentrate on the structural design, nagivation, performance, and populsion of various types of aircraft and aerospace products like missles, while striving to make advancements in the fields of defense systems and aviation. Throughout the  of aerospace engineering, the two main types of aerospace engineers include aeronautical engineers and astronautical engineers.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023, September 6). What Aerospace Engineers Do. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/aerospace-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Summary

Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnxcib-8S4s.

Quick Facts: Aerospace Engineers
2023 Median Pay

$130,720 per year
$62.85 per hour

Aerospace engineers design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles.

Aerospace engineers typically work in an office setting, often using a computer. Most work full time, and some work more than 40 hours per week.

Aerospace engineers must have a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering or a related field to enter the occupation. Aerospace engineers who work on projects that are related to national defense may need a security clearance.

The median annual wage for aerospace engineers was $130,720 in May 2023.

Employment of aerospace engineers is projected to grow 6 percent from 2022 to 2032, faster than the average for all occupations.

About 3,800 openings for aerospace engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for aerospace engineers.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of aerospace engineers with similar occupations.

Learn more about aerospace engineers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

Aerospace engineers design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles. In addition, they create and test prototypes to make sure that they function according to design.

Duties

Aerospace engineers typically do the following:

Coordinate and direct the design, manufacture, and testing of aircraft and aerospace products

Assess project proposals to determine whether they are technically and financially feasible

Determine whether proposed projects will be safe and meet defined goals

Evaluate designs to ensure that products meet engineering principles, customer requirements, and environmental regulations

Develop criteria for design, quality, completion, and sustainment after delivery

Ensure that projects meet required standards

Inspect malfunctioning or damaged products to identify sources of problems and possible solutions

Aerospace engineers develop technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and spacecraft. They may focus on areas such as aerodynamic fluid flow; structural design; guidance, navigation, and control; instrumentation and communication; robotics; or propulsion and combustion.

Aerospace engineers may design specific aerospace products, such as commercial and military airplanes and helicopters; remotely piloted aircraft and rotorcraft; spacecraft, including launch vehicles and satellites; and military missiles and rockets.

The following are the two common types of aerospace engineers:

Aeronautical engineers work with aircraft. They are involved primarily in designing aircraft and propulsion systems and in studying the aerodynamic performance of aircraft and construction materials. They work with the theory, technology, and practice of flight within the Earth's atmosphere.

Astronautical engineers work with the science and technology of spacecraft and how they perform inside and outside the Earth's atmosphere. This includes work on small satellites such as cubesats, and traditional large satellites.

Aerospace engineers held about 63,800 jobs in 2022. The largest employers of aerospace engineers were as follows:

Aerospace product and parts manufacturing

34%

Engineering services

16

Federal government, excluding postal service

16

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

10

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

6

Aerospace engineers typically work in an office setting, often using a computer. They also may travel to meet with clients.

Work Schedules

Most aerospace engineers work full time, and some work more than 40 hours per week. Engineers may need to work extra hours to monitor progress and troubleshoot when problems arise.

Aerospace engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering or a related field to enter the occupation. Aerospace engineers who work on projects that are related to national defense may need a security clearance. Some types and levels of clearance require U.S. citizenship.

Education

Aerospace engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in engineering or a related field. High school students interested in studying aerospace engineering should take classes in chemistry, physics, and math.

Bachelor's degree programs in engineering usually include classroom, laboratory, and field courses in subjects such as stability and control, structures, and mechanics.

College students may have an opportunity to participate in cooperative education programs or internships. Through partnership with local businesses, these programs allow students to gain practical experience while they complete their education.

Some colleges and universities offer a 5-year program that leads to both a bachelor's degree and a master's degree. A graduate degree may allow an engineer to work as an instructor at a university or to do research and development.

Employers may prefer to hire graduates of aerospace engineering programs accredited by a professional association such as ABET. A degree from an accredited program is usually required to become licensed.

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations

Licensure is not required for entry-level aerospace engineer positions. Experienced engineers may obtain a Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows them to oversee the work of other engineers, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the public.

State licensure generally requires a bachelor's or higher degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program, a passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam, several years of relevant work experience, and a passing score on the PE exam.

Each state issues its own license. Most states recognize licensure from other states, as long as the licensing state's requirements meet or exceed their own licensure requirements. Several states require continuing education for engineers to keep their licenses.

Advancement

Aerospace engineers who gain experience or who have additional education or credentials may advance into technical or supervisory positions. Those with leadership skills also may become engineering managers or project management specialists.

Important Qualities

Analytical skills. Aerospace engineers must be able to evaluate project design elements and propose improvements, if necessary.

Business skills. Meeting federal standards in aerospace engineering requires business knowledge, including commercial law. Project management or systems engineering skills also may be useful.

Communication skills. Aerospace engineers must be able to explain, both orally and in writing, the details of their designs. They may need to convey information to a variety of audiences, including nontechnical ones.

Interpersonal skills. Aerospace engineers often work on teams and must be able to interact with other types of engineers and with nontechnical team members.

Math skills. Aerospace engineers use calculus, trigonometry, and other math in their analysis, design, and troubleshooting work.

Problem-solving skills. Aerospace engineers upgrade designs and troubleshoot problems to improve aircraft, such as for increased fuel efficiency or safety.

Median annual wages, May 2023

The median annual wage for aerospace engineers was $130,720 in May 2023. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $81,620, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $188,910.

In May 2023, the median annual wages for aerospace engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

$136,620

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

135,280

Federal government, excluding postal service

133,040

Aerospace product and parts manufacturing

130,720

Engineering services

128,870

Most aerospace engineers work full time, and some work more than 40 hours per week. Engineers may need to work extra hours to monitor progress and to troubleshoot when problems arise.

Employment of aerospace engineers is projected to grow 6 percent from 2022 to 2032, faster than the average for all occupations.

About 3,800 openings for aerospace engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment

Aircraft are being redesigned for less noise pollution and better fuel efficiency, which should help drive demand for aerospace engineers.

Technological advancements have reduced the cost of launching satellites. Demand for aerospace engineers is expected to increase as space becomes more accessible, especially with developments in small satellites that have greater commercial viability. In addition, continued interest in drones for certain uses, such as forest fire detection, may help to drive employment growth for these engineers.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2022

Projected Employment, 2032

Change, 2022-32

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Aerospace engineers

17-2011

63,800

67,700

6

3,900
Get data

Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OEWS data maps for employment and wages by state and area.

Projections Central

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.org. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state's websites where these data may be retrieved.

CareerOneStop

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.

For more information about general engineering education and career resources, visit

American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)

Technology Student Association (TSA)

For more information about licensure as an aerospace engineer, visit

National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES)

National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE)

For more information about accredited engineering programs, visit
ABET
For more information about current developments in aeronautics, visit

The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)

CareerOneStop

For a career video on aerospace engineers, visit
Aerospace Engineers
O*NET
Aerospace Engineers

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Aerospace engineers design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles.

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An audio engineer works with mechanics for recording, mixing, reproducing, and performing music. Its includes slides, knobs, and buttons to control volume, bass, treble, mid, distortion, reverberation, etc.

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Audio engineering is a broad field, and there's a lot more to it than you might think. With a wide range of career options and responsibilities, audio experts can perform a myriad of jobs. Here is your ultimate guide to what audio engineering is, so you can understand the ins and outs of the audio world.

What Does an Audio Engineer Do?

An audio engineer (also known as a sound engineer) works with all of the mechanics of recording, mixing, and reproducing sound. Audio engineers aren't the performers or producers of music or audio-they are the experts who deal with the technical and mechanical aspects of sound.

When you think about a recording studio, the audio engineer is the person sitting behind the large board of knobs and sliders. It is their job to regulate the various volume levels and to ensure the best sound quality.

What Are Career Paths for an Audio Degree?

There's so much more to audio production and management than just audio engineering. With an audio degree, you open the doors to work in a wide variety of careers.

Here are just a few of the careers you can pursue with an audio degree.
Live Audio Engineer
A live audio engineer (sometimes called Live Sound Engineer) steps out of the production room and into music venues. They use their training and knowledge to help live performances sound their best and to record live productions. Some live audio engineers even join musicians on tour, making sure that each stop has the right sound quality.
Audio Broadcast Engineer
Also known as broadcast and sound engineers or broadcast technicians, these experts maintain the electrical equipment for radio programs, television broadcasts, concerts, or other media programs. Where other audio experts specialize in the recording and production of audio, broadcast engineers focus primarily on live broadcasts.
Game and Audio Design Engineer
The sounds of video games are sometimes more famous than the game they go with. Game and audio design engineers focus on not just the background music but the sound effects and noises heard throughout a game.

Audio Production Assistan t

Production assistant (PA) refers to a broad category of jobs. While PAs can do just about anything, their main role is to act as the intermediary between everyone involved in a project. They get all parties ready for the production, communicate instructions or directions, and ensure that everything is ready to go. The PA is often the first one in and the last one out of a recording session.
Mastering Engineer
Depending on the size and structure of the recording studio, there can be complex nuances between the different roles of the engineers that work there. You might see different positions like tracking engineers, mixing engineers, and mastering engineers. In many companies, however, especially in smaller production companies, those roles are covered entirely by the mastering engineer. A mastering engineer is responsible for polishing and refining a recording to make it sound as great as possible. It's their job to remove tonal imbalances, white noise, or any other mistake or blemish that shows up in the recording.
Music Producer
While an audio engineer is faced with the technical side of audio recording, a producer tackles creative and managerial tasks. Producers work alongside musicians, performers, and audio engineers to help reach a production goal or vision. A producer will help choose songs, write or suggest changes to the piece, and even coach artists throughout their recordings. They work to achieve a specific sound they have in mind and to bring out the best of the artists.
Post-Production Expert
You might have heard someone say before that they're unhappy with what they've created, but they'll "fix it in post." Post-production experts are the ones responsible for all of those fixes. Projects typically go into post-production for the final refinement and polishing of the piece. Post-production includes recording and synching voiceover, audio FX, foley, and ADR for film or TV. Each of these ensures that the audio in the completed product is high quality.
Sound Designer
A sound designer works in both film and live theatre; they are the artistic director in charge of the audio experience, using audio to help create and enhance the mood, atmosphere, and tone of a scene. This helps create an immersive experience for the audience because both the visuals and audio need to work together to help transport the audience.

How Do You Become an Audio Engineer?

If you want to become an audio engineer, there are a couple of different paths you can take. Here's what you need to know about your options so you can determine which path is right for you.
Self-Taught
It is possible to learn how to become an audio engineer without any formal training or education. The benefit of taking this route is you don't have to worry about paying for school or taking time away from your current career. One downfall to learning how to become a professional audio engineer without any formal training is it might lead to a lot of failures or simple mistakes and errors that could have been avoided. The other disadvantage of being self-taught is that some companies will prioritize people with a degree until you have a large portfolio to showcase projects you have worked on.
Higher Education
There are a variety of training or degree programs that can help you gain the knowledge and training you need to learn audio engineering. These programs are built with your future in mind and aim to help you be prepared for the career of your dreams. An audio degree or diploma can give you an extra edge over your competition when applying for a job opening. Degrees also help you start to build your portfolio through various projects and assignments you work on throughout your program.

Audio Programs at SAE Institute

At SAE Institute, our audio programs include four different paths you can take. You can earn an audio diploma or an audio technology diploma in as little as twelve months, earn your Audio Associate of Applied Science in as little as 16 months, or earn your Audio Bachelor of Applied Science in 32 months.

With each program at SAE Institute, you will learn and develop skills that will help you in your future career like:

Recording and mixing

Audio engineering

Music programming

Live performance engineering

Electronic music production

Video game audio creation and integration

Post-production

Adaptive audio integration

No matter which program you enroll in, we offer a curriculum that helps our students become prepared both technically and creatively. Our industry-standard equipment will help you build your knowledge and skills to help you gain practical training, as well as guided development in a series of projects specially developed to demonstrate knowledge to prospective employers.

Refine Your Portfolio

A large part of being an audio engineer isn't just what you know, but seeing that knowledge in practice. Whether you entered through a degree program or you're self-taught, your next goal should be to continually improve your portfolio. Your portfolio should showcase your best jobs, any specialties you have, as well as a diverse showcase of genres and styles of jobs you have worked on. If you're looking to be competitive for more popular or high-end jobs, you have to have a portfolio that showcases your skills.

Prepare for Your Future at SAE Institute

At SAE Institute, you know you're getting a quality education from an accredited institution that can prepare you for your future. Contact us today about our audio programs to find out more about what audio engineering is and how we can help you reach your goals.

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What Is Audio Engineering? - SAE Institute USA

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Here is your ultimate guide to what audio engineering is, so you can understand the ins and outs of the audio world.

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This type of engineering mainly focuses on the design, development, testing, and production of aircraft or spacecraft. Most of the problems this career is faced with is related with atmospheric and space flight.

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Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the design, development, testing, and production of aircraft, spacecraft, and related systems and equipment. The field has traditionally focused on problems related to atmospheric and space flight, with two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering.

Aeronautical Engineering focuses on the theory, technology, and practice of flight within the earth's atmosphere.

Astronautical Engineering focuses on the science and technology of spacecraft and launch vehicles.

What does an aerospace engineer do?

Aerospace engineers develop leading-edge technologies and integrate them into aerospace vehicle systems used for transportation, communications, exploration, and defense applications. This involves the design and manufacturing of aircraft, spacecraft, propulsion systems, satellites, and missiles, as well as the design and testing of aircraft and aerospace products, components, and subassemblies.

Successful aerospace engineers possess in-depth skills in, and an understanding of, aerodynamics, materials and structures, propulsion, vehicle dynamics and control, and software.

Where do aerospace engineers work?

Aerospace engineers work primarily in the aerospace industry, at systems and software suppliers, corporate labs, government labs, and universities. The skill set of aerospace engineers is extremely broad and multidisciplinary, and the experience of aerospace engineers as systems architects and engineers allows them to make contributions in many diverse sectors.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the industries that employed the most aerospace engineers in 2014 were:

Aerospace product and parts manufacturing: 38%

Engineering services: 14%

Federal government, excluding postal service: 13%

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences: 12%

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing: 5%

In 2016, and for the fourth time in six years, Penn State topped the list of preferred suppliers of engineering talent to the aerospace and defense industry, according to the Aviation Week 2016 Workforce Study.

What kind of salary does an aerospace engineer earn?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for aerospace engineers was $105,380 in May 2014. The median annual wages for aerospace engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Federal government, excluding postal service = $113,550

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing = $111,660

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences = $107,490

Engineering services = $103,450

Aerospace product and parts manufacturing = $102,430

The average annual starting salary for Penn State Aerospace Engineering 2015-2016 undergraduates was $63,286.* *The average annual starting salary information was provided on a voluntary basis by undergraduate engineering students who completed their Senior Exit Survey.

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Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the design, development, testing, and production of aircraft, spacecraft, and related systems and equipment. The field has traditionally focused on problems related to atmospheric and space flight, with two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering.

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Nuclear Engineering research and deal with problems concerning release, control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal. Many of these Engineers research new nuclear reactor designs to be more eco friendly. Others are specialists in designing safety procedures for handling nuclear material or operating a nuclear plant.

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It is the job of an Electrical Engineer to design, test, and manufacture electrical equipment or technology. Electrical Engineers design new ways to use electrical power to develop or improve product design new ways to use electrical power to develop or improve products. The most important things they desgin are communications systems, GPS, and broadcasting equipment along with powerlines.

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Median Pay: $124,930
Typical needed Schooling: Four years of school and a Bachelors Degree
2 Job Posts: Electrical Engineer, $109,098, full time, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa, OK. Electircal Engineer, Full Time, Cox Enterprises, Oklahoma City.

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Computer Hardware Engineers test, research, and design computer systems and parts such as circuits boards, processors, memory devices, and routers. Mainly, they are responsible for computer components that connect to the internet. They put these systems into cars, homes, appliances, and medical devices so they have Internet-ready systems.

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Summary

Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l09D6OycD4o.

Quick Facts: Computer Hardware Engineers
2021 Median Pay

$128,170 per year
$61.62 per hour

Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer systems and components.

Computer hardware engineers usually work in research laboratories that build and test various types of computer models. Most work in computer systems design services and in manufacturing.

Computer hardware engineers typically need a bachelor's degree from an accredited program.

The median annual wage for computer hardware engineers was $128,170 in May 2021.

Employment of computer hardware engineers is projected to grow 5 percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

About 5,300 openings for computer hardware engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for computer hardware engineers.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of computer hardware engineers with similar occupations.

Learn more about computer hardware engineers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer systems and components such as processors, circuit boards, memory devices, networks, and routers.

Duties

Computer hardware engineers typically do the following:

Design new computer hardware, creating schematics of computer equipment to be built

Test the computer hardware they design

Analyze the test results and modify the design as needed

Update existing computer equipment so that it will work with new software

Oversee the manufacturing process for computer hardware

Many hardware engineers design devices used in manufactured products that incorporate processors and other computer components and that connect to the Internet. For example, many new cars, home appliances, and medical devices have Internet-ready computer systems built into them.

Computer hardware engineers ensure that computer hardware components work together with the latest software. Therefore, hardware engineers often work with software developers. For example, the hardware and software for mobile phones and other devices frequently are developed at the same time.

Computer hardware engineers held about 76,900 jobs in 2021. The largest employers of computer hardware engineers were as follows:

Computer systems design and related services

19%

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

18

Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

12

Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

8

Federal government

7

Work Schedules

Most computer hardware engineers work full time.

How to Become a Computer Hardware Engineer About this section

Computer hardware engineers typically need a bachelor's degree from an accredited program.

Education

Entry-level computer hardware engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in computer engineering or a related field, such as computer and information technology. Employers may prefer to hire candidates who have graduated from an engineering program accredited by a professional association, such as ABET. To prepare for a major in computer or electrical engineering, students should have a solid background in math and science.

Because hardware engineers commonly work with computer software systems, a familiarity with computer programming is usually expected. This background may be obtained through computer science courses.

Some large firms or specialized jobs may require a master's degree in computer engineering. Some experienced engineers obtain a master's degree in business administration (MBA). All engineers must continue their learning over the course of their careers in order to keep up with rapid advances in technology.

Other Experience

Some students participate in internships while in school so that they can gain practical experience.

Advancement

Some computer hardware engineers can advance to become computer and information systems managers.

Important Qualities

Analytical skills. Computer hardware engineers use computer programming tools to analyze the digital circuits in hardware to determine the best design.

Critical-thinking skills. These engineers use logic and reasoning to clarify goals, examine assumptions, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions.

Problem-solving skills. Computer hardware engineers identify complex problems in computer hardware, develop and evaluate possible solutions, and figure out the best way to implement them.

Communication skills. Engineers often work on teams and must be able to communicate with other types of engineers, software developers and programmers, as well as with nontechnical team members.

Computer Hardware Engineers

Median annual wages, May 2021

Computer hardware engineers

Engineers

Total, all occupations

The median annual wage for computer hardware engineers was $128,170 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $77,100, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $208,000.

In May 2021, the median annual wages for computer hardware engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

$164,980

Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

131,560

Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

127,690

Computer systems design and related services

127,690

Federal government

119,770

Most computer hardware engineers work full time.

Computer Hardware Engineers

Percent change in employment, projected 2021-31

Engineers

Total, all occupations

Computer hardware engineers

Employment of computer hardware engineers is projected to grow 5 percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

About 5,300 openings for computer hardware engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment

Demand for computer hardware engineers is expected to grow, as these workers are needed to design parts for manufactured products that use processors and other components, such as household appliances, medical devices, and automobiles. As new technologies expand, however, an expected uptick in focus on software innovation compared with hardware may temper demand for these engineers.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2021

Projected Employment, 2031

Change, 2021-31

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Computer hardware engineers

17-2061

76,900

80,600

5

3,700
Get data

Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OEWS data maps for employment and wages by state and area.

Projections Central

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state's websites where these data may be retrieved.

CareerOneStop

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.

For more information about computer hardware engineers, visit
Association for Computing Machinery IEEE Computer Society
For more information about ABET-accredited college and university programs in applied science, computing, engineering, and technology, visit
ABET
CareerOneStop

For a career video on computer hardware engineers, visit
Computer Hardware Engineers
O*NET
Computer Hardware Engineers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l09D6OycD4o. Quick Facts: Computer Hardware Engineers 2021 Median Pay $128,170 per year $61.62 per hour Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer systems and components. Computer hardware engineers usually work in research laboratories that build and test various types of computer models.

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The majority of computer hardware engineers work in a lab where they test the computer hardware they initially designed. In addition, these engineers may also go to where the computer hardware is manufactured and oversee it if any problems are encountered.

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Summary

Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l09D6OycD4o.

Quick Facts: Computer Hardware Engineers
2021 Median Pay

$128,170 per year
$61.62 per hour

Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer systems and components.

Computer hardware engineers usually work in research laboratories that build and test various types of computer models. Most work in computer systems design services and in manufacturing.

Computer hardware engineers typically need a bachelor's degree from an accredited program.

The median annual wage for computer hardware engineers was $128,170 in May 2021.

Employment of computer hardware engineers is projected to grow 5 percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

About 5,300 openings for computer hardware engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for computer hardware engineers.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of computer hardware engineers with similar occupations.

Learn more about computer hardware engineers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer systems and components such as processors, circuit boards, memory devices, networks, and routers.

Duties

Computer hardware engineers typically do the following:

Design new computer hardware, creating schematics of computer equipment to be built

Test the computer hardware they design

Analyze the test results and modify the design as needed

Update existing computer equipment so that it will work with new software

Oversee the manufacturing process for computer hardware

Many hardware engineers design devices used in manufactured products that incorporate processors and other computer components and that connect to the Internet. For example, many new cars, home appliances, and medical devices have Internet-ready computer systems built into them.

Computer hardware engineers ensure that computer hardware components work together with the latest software. Therefore, hardware engineers often work with software developers. For example, the hardware and software for mobile phones and other devices frequently are developed at the same time.

Computer hardware engineers held about 76,900 jobs in 2021. The largest employers of computer hardware engineers were as follows:

Computer systems design and related services

19%

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

18

Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

12

Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

8

Federal government

7

Work Schedules

Most computer hardware engineers work full time.

How to Become a Computer Hardware Engineer About this section

Computer hardware engineers typically need a bachelor's degree from an accredited program.

Education

Entry-level computer hardware engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in computer engineering or a related field, such as computer and information technology. Employers may prefer to hire candidates who have graduated from an engineering program accredited by a professional association, such as ABET. To prepare for a major in computer or electrical engineering, students should have a solid background in math and science.

Because hardware engineers commonly work with computer software systems, a familiarity with computer programming is usually expected. This background may be obtained through computer science courses.

Some large firms or specialized jobs may require a master's degree in computer engineering. Some experienced engineers obtain a master's degree in business administration (MBA). All engineers must continue their learning over the course of their careers in order to keep up with rapid advances in technology.

Other Experience

Some students participate in internships while in school so that they can gain practical experience.

Advancement

Some computer hardware engineers can advance to become computer and information systems managers.

Important Qualities

Analytical skills. Computer hardware engineers use computer programming tools to analyze the digital circuits in hardware to determine the best design.

Critical-thinking skills. These engineers use logic and reasoning to clarify goals, examine assumptions, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions.

Problem-solving skills. Computer hardware engineers identify complex problems in computer hardware, develop and evaluate possible solutions, and figure out the best way to implement them.

Communication skills. Engineers often work on teams and must be able to communicate with other types of engineers, software developers and programmers, as well as with nontechnical team members.

Computer Hardware Engineers

Median annual wages, May 2021

Computer hardware engineers

Engineers

Total, all occupations

The median annual wage for computer hardware engineers was $128,170 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $77,100, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $208,000.

In May 2021, the median annual wages for computer hardware engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

$164,980

Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

131,560

Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

127,690

Computer systems design and related services

127,690

Federal government

119,770

Most computer hardware engineers work full time.

Computer Hardware Engineers

Percent change in employment, projected 2021-31

Engineers

Total, all occupations

Computer hardware engineers

Employment of computer hardware engineers is projected to grow 5 percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

About 5,300 openings for computer hardware engineers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment

Demand for computer hardware engineers is expected to grow, as these workers are needed to design parts for manufactured products that use processors and other components, such as household appliances, medical devices, and automobiles. As new technologies expand, however, an expected uptick in focus on software innovation compared with hardware may temper demand for these engineers.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2021

Projected Employment, 2031

Change, 2021-31

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Computer hardware engineers

17-2061

76,900

80,600

5

3,700
Get data

Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OEWS data maps for employment and wages by state and area.

Projections Central

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state's websites where these data may be retrieved.

CareerOneStop

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.

For more information about computer hardware engineers, visit
Association for Computing Machinery IEEE Computer Society
For more information about ABET-accredited college and university programs in applied science, computing, engineering, and technology, visit
ABET
CareerOneStop

For a career video on computer hardware engineers, visit
Computer Hardware Engineers
O*NET
Computer Hardware Engineers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l09D6OycD4o. Quick Facts: Computer Hardware Engineers 2021 Median Pay $128,170 per year $61.62 per hour Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer systems and components. Computer hardware engineers usually work in research laboratories that build and test various types of computer models.

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Median Pay: $132,360 yearly
Typical Schooling Needed: Four Years of College with a Bachelors Degree.
2 Job Posts: Hardware Software Engineer, Full-Time, Yorktown Systems, Inc.
Embedded Hardware Engineer, Full-Time, Alchemey Industrial.

# data[].attributes.body
Agricultural engineers try and solve agricultural problems like how to store products and to make machinery efficient. The bureau of labor statics believes that it will have an average growth in the next ten years. Another thing that these engineers do is try to solve environmental and pollution problems.

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Summary

Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozIUJsnBDLY.

Quick Facts: Agricultural Engineers
2020 Median Pay

$84,410 per year
$40.58 per hour

Agricultural engineers solve problems concerning power supplies, machine efficiency, the use of structures and facilities, pollution and environmental issues, and the storage and processing of agricultural products.

Agricultural engineers work mostly in offices, but may spend time traveling to agricultural settings. Agricultural engineers typically work full time.

Agricultural engineers must have a bachelor's degree, preferably in agricultural engineering or biological engineering.

The median annual wage for agricultural engineers was $84,410 in May 2020.

Employment of agricultural engineers is projected to grow 2 percent from 2019 to 2029, slower than the average for all occupations. The need to increase the efficiency of agricultural production systems and to reduce environmental damage should maintain demand for these workers.

Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for agricultural engineers.

Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of agricultural engineers with similar occupations.

Learn more about agricultural engineers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.

Agricultural engineers attempt to solve agricultural problems concerning power supplies, the efficiency of machinery, the use of structures and facilities, pollution and environmental issues, and the storage and processing of agricultural products.

Duties

Agricultural engineers typically do the following:

Use computer software to design equipment, systems, or structures

Modify environmental factors that affect animal or crop production, such as airflow in a barn or runoff patterns on a field

Test equipment to ensure its safety and reliability

Oversee construction and production operations

Plan and work together with clients, contractors, consultants, and other engineers to ensure effective and desirable outcomes

Agricultural engineers work in farming, including aquaculture (farming of seafood), forestry, and food processing. They work on a wide variety of projects. For example, some agricultural engineers work to develop climate control systems that increase the comfort and productivity of livestock whereas others work to increase the storage capacity and efficiency of refrigeration. Many agricultural engineers attempt to develop better solutions for animal waste disposal. Those with computer programming skills work to integrate artificial intelligence and geospatial systems into agriculture. For example, they work to improve efficiency in fertilizer application or to automate harvesting systems.

Agricultural engineers held about 1,700 jobs in 2019. The largest employers of agricultural engineers were as follows:

Federal government, excluding postal service

20%

Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state

12

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services

9

Engineering services

6

Agricultural engineers typically work in offices, but may spend time at a variety of worksites, both indoors and outdoors. They may travel to agricultural settings to see that equipment and machinery are functioning according to both the manufacturers' specifications and federal and state regulations. Some agricultural engineers occasionally work in laboratories to test the quality of processing equipment. They may work onsite when they supervise livestock facility upgrades or water resource management projects.

Agricultural engineers work with others in designing solutions to problems or applying technological advances. They work with people from a variety of backgrounds, such as business, agronomy, animal sciences, and public policy.

Injuries and Illnesses

Agricultural engineers have one of the highest rates of injuries and illnesses of all occupations.

Work Schedules

Agricultural engineers typically work full time. Schedules may vary because of weather conditions or other complications. When working on outdoor projects, agricultural engineers may work more hours to take advantage of good weather or fewer hours in case of bad weather.

In addition, agricultural engineers may need to be available outside of normal work hours to address unexpected problems that come up in manufacturing operations or rural construction projects.

How to Become an Agricultural Engineer About this section

Agricultural engineers must have a bachelor's degree, preferably in agricultural engineering or biological engineering.

Education

Students who are interested in studying agricultural engineering will benefit from taking high school courses in math and science. University students take courses in advanced calculus, physics, biology, and chemistry. They also may take courses in business, public policy, and economics.

Entry-level jobs in agricultural engineering require a bachelor's degree. Bachelor's degree programs in agricultural engineering or biological engineering typically include significant hands-on components in areas such as science, math, and engineering principles. Most colleges and universities encourage students to gain practical experience through projects such as participating in engineering competitions in which teams of students design equipment and attempt to solve real problems.

ABET accredits programs in agricultural engineering.

Important Qualities

Analytical skills. Agricultural engineers must analyze the needs of complex systems that involve workers, crops, animals, machinery and equipment, and the environment.

Communication skills. Agricultural engineers must understand the needs of clients, workers, and others working on a project. Furthermore, they must communicate their thoughts about systems and about solutions to any problems they have been working on.

Math skills. Agricultural engineers use calculus, trigonometry, and other advanced mathematical disciplines for analysis, design, and troubleshooting.

Problem-solving skills. Agricultural engineers' main role is to solve problems found in agricultural production. Goals may include designing safer equipment for food processing or reducing erosion. To solve these problems, agricultural engineers must creatively apply the principles of engineering.

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations

Licensure is not required for entry-level positions as an agricultural engineer. A Professional Engineering (PE) license, which allows for higher levels of leadership and independence, can be acquired later in one's career. Licensed engineers are called professional engineers (PEs). A PE can oversee the work of other engineers, sign off on projects, and provide services directly to the public. State licensure generally requires

A degree from an ABET-accredited engineering program

A passing score on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam

Relevant work experience, typically at least 4 years

A passing score on the Professional Engineering (PE) exam

The initial FE exam can be taken after one earns a bachelor's degree. Engineers who pass this exam are commonly called engineers in training (EITs) or engineer interns (EIs). After meeting work experience requirements, EITs and EIs can take the second exam, called the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE).

Each state issues its own licenses. Most states recognize licensure from other states, as long as the licensing state's requirements meet or exceed their own licensure requirements. Several states require engineers to take continuing education to keep their licenses. For licensing requirements, check with your state's licensing board.

Advancement

New engineers usually work under the supervision of experienced engineers. As they gain knowledge and experience, beginning engineers move to more difficult projects and increase their independence in developing designs, solving problems, and making decisions.

With experience, agricultural engineers may advance to supervise a team of engineers and technicians. Some advance to become engineering managers. Agricultural engineers who become sales engineers use their engineering background to discuss a product's technical aspects with potential buyers and to help in product planning, installation, and use.

Engineers who have a master's degree or a Ph.D. are more likely to be involved in research and development activities, and may become postsecondary teachers.

Median annual wages, May 2020

The median annual wage for agricultural engineers was $84,410 in May 2020. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $51,160, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $166,620.

In May 2020, the median annual wages for agricultural engineers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Federal government, excluding postal service

$92,070

Engineering services

85,350

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services

84,870

Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state

57,800

Agricultural engineers typically work full time. Schedules may vary because of weather conditions or other complications. When working on outdoor projects, agricultural engineers may work more hours to take advantage of good weather or fewer hours in case of bad weather.

In addition, agricultural engineers may need to be available outside of normal work hours to address unexpected problems that come up in manufacturing operations or rural construction projects.

Employment of agricultural engineers is projected to grow 2 percent from 2019 to 2029, slower than the average for all occupations.

Farming establishments will continue to require more machinery, equipment, and buildings to increase the efficiency of agricultural production systems and to reduce environmental damage, which should maintain demand for these workers.

Agricultural engineers are expected to continue working on projects such as alternative energies and biofuels; precision and automated farming technologies for irrigation, spraying, and harvesting; and growing food in space to support future exploration.

More efficient designs for traditional agricultural engineering projects such as irrigation, storage, and worker safety systems will also maintain demand for these workers. Growing populations and stronger global competition will result in the industry needing more efficient means of production, which will increase demand for agricultural engineers.

Job Prospects

Typically, graduates of engineering programs have good job prospects and can often enter related engineering fields in addition to the field in which they have earned their degree. Agricultural engineering offers good opportunities, but it is a small occupation, and engineers trained in other fields, such as civil or mechanical engineering, also may compete for these jobs. Graduates of biological and agricultural engineering programs may have some advantage when applying for agricultural engineering jobs, but some may also find good prospects outside of the agricultural sector.

Occupational Title

SOC Code

Employment, 2019

Projected Employment, 2029

Change, 2019-29

Employment by Industry

Percent

Numeric

Agricultural engineers

17-2021

1,700

1,700

2

0
Get data

Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OEWS data maps for employment and wages by state and area.

Projections Central

Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state's websites where these data may be retrieved.

CareerOneStop

CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.

For more information about agricultural engineers, visit
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
For information about general engineering education and career resources, visit
American Society for Engineering Education Technology Student Association
For more information about licensure for agricultural engineers, visit
National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying National Society of Professional Engineers National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies
For information about accredited engineering programs, visit
ABET
For a variety of information concerning agriculture, grants, and government initiatives, visit
Future Farmers of America National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Food and Drug Administration
O*NET
Agricultural Engineers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozIUJsnBDLY. Quick Facts: Agricultural Engineers 2020 Median Pay $84,410 per year $40.58 per hour Agricultural engineers solve problems concerning power supplies, machine efficiency, the use of structures and facilities, pollution and environmental issues, and the storage and processing of agricultural products.

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Designing and Producing power-producing machinery such as engines and turbines. As well as their safety, efficiency and reliability. They need to design products that beats the market and complies to demands. Overall they take creativity, knowledge along with help from their teams, to create innovative designs in mechanics to shape reality.

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Technically, mechanical engineering is the application of the principles and problem-solving techniques of engineering from design to manufacturing to the marketplace for any object. Mechanical engineers analyze their work using the principles of motion, energy, and force-ensuring that designs function safely, efficiently, and reliably, all at a competitive cost.

Mechanical engineers make a difference. That's because mechanical engineering careers center on creating technologies to meet human needs. Virtually every product or service in modern life has probably been touched in some way by a mechanical engineer to help humankind.

This includes solving today's problems and creating future solutions in health care, energy, transportation, world hunger, space exploration, climate change, and more.

Being ingrained in many challenges and innovations across many fields means a mechanical engineering education is versatile. To meet this broad demand, mechanical engineers may design a component, a machine, a system, or a process. This ranges from the macro to the micro, from the largest systems like cars and satellites to the smallest components like sensors and switches. Anything that needs to be manufactured-indeed, anything with moving parts-needs the expertise of a mechanical engineer. Become a mechanical engineer.

What do mechanical engineers do?

Mechanical engineering combines creativity, knowledge and analytical tools to complete the difficult task of shaping an idea into reality.

This transformation happens at the personal scale, affecting human lives on a level we can reach out and touch like robotic prostheses. It happens on the local scale, affecting people in community-level spaces, like with agile interconnected microgrids. And it happens on bigger scales, like with advanced power systems, through engineering that operates nationwide or across the globe.

Mechanical engineers have an enormous range of opportunity and their education mirrors this breadth of subjects. Students concentrate on one area while strengthening analytical and problem-solving skills applicable to any engineering situation.

Disciplines within mechanical engineering include but are not limited to:

Technology itself has also shaped how mechanical engineers work and the suite of tools has grown quite powerful in recent decades. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is an umbrella term that covers everything from typical CAD techniques to computer-aided manufacturing to computer-aided engineering, involving finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). These tools and others have further broadened the horizons of mechanical engineering.

What careers are there in mechanical engineering?

Society depends on mechanical engineering. The need for this expertise is great in so many fields, and as such, there is no real limit for the freshly minted mechanical engineer. Jobs are always in demand, particularly in the automotive, aerospace, electronics, biotechnology, and energy industries.

Here are a handful of mechanical engineering fields.

In statics, research focuses on how forces are transmitted to and throughout a structure. Once a system is in motion, mechanical engineers look at dynamics, or what velocities, accelerations and resulting forces come into play. Kinematics then examines how a mechanism behaves as it moves through its range of motion.

Materials science delves into determining the best materials for different applications. A part of that is materials strength -testing support loads, stiffness, brittleness and other properties-which is essential for many construction, automobile, and medical materials.

How energy gets converted into useful power is the heart of thermodynamics, as well as determining what energy is lost in the process. One specific kind of energy, heat transfer, is crucial in many applications and requires gathering and analyzing temperature data and distributions.

Fluid mechanics, which also has a variety of applications, looks at many properties including pressure drops from fluid flow and aerodynamic drag forces.

Manufacturing is an important step in mechanical engineering. Within the field, researchers investigate the best processes to make manufacturing more efficient. Laboratory methods focus on improving how to measure both thermal and mechanical engineering products and processes. Likewise, machine design develops equipment-scale processes while electrical engineering focuses on circuitry. All this equipment produces vibrations, another field of mechanical engineering, in which researchers study how to predict and control vibrations.

Engineering economics makes mechanical designs relevant and usable in the real world by estimating manufacturing and life cycle costs of materials, designs, and other engineered products.

What skills do mechanical engineers need?

The essence of engineering is problem solving. With this at its core, mechanical engineering also requires applied creativity-a hands on understanding of the work involved-along with strong interpersonal skills like networking, leadership, and conflict management. Creating a product is only part of the equation; knowing how to work with people, ideas, data, and economics fully makes a mechanical engineer.

What tasks do mechanical engineers do?

Careers in mechanical engineering call for a variety of tasks.

How much do mechanical engineers earn?

Like careers in many other engineering fields, mechanical engineers are well paid. Compared to other fields, mechanical engineers earn well above average throughout each stage of their careers. According to the United States Department of Labor, the mean salary for a mechanical engineer is $100,820, with the top ten percent earning close to $151,260.

The future of mechanical engineering

Breakthroughs in materials and analytical tools have opened new frontiers for mechanical engineers. Nanotechnology, biotechnology, composites, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and acoustical engineering have all expanded the mechanical engineering toolbox.

Nanotechnology allows for the engineering of materials on the smallest of scales. With the ability to design and manufacture down to the elemental level, the possibilities for objects grows immensely. Composites are another area where the manipulation of materials allows for new manufacturing opportunities. By combining materials with different characteristics in innovative ways, the best of each material can be employed and new solutions found. CFD gives mechanical engineers the opportunity to study complex fluid flows analyzed with algorithms. This allows for the modeling of situations that would previously have been impossible. Acoustical engineering examines vibration and sound, providing the opportunity to reduce noise in devices and increase efficiency in everything from biotechnology to architecture.

Mechanical Engineering at Michigan Tech

We are committed to our mission of hands-on education of our students, by world-class faculty, through innovative teaching, mentoring, and knowledge creation.

Our Bachelor of Science Degree

The bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering at Michigan Tech offers undergraduate students many unique, hands-on learning opportunities:

Undergraduate Research Opportunities

Undergraduate research opportunities are plentiful. Our department offers undergraduate students numerous opportunities in research, hands-on experience, and real-world client work. Research projects often require help from students for running simulations, taking data, analyzing results, etc. These opportunities may even be paid, depending on the availability of funds on the particular project. Take advantage of over 50,000 square feet of labs and computer centers, in the 13-story R. L. Smith Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Building.

Real-World Experience

Get ready to contribute on the job from day one. Our students benefit from hands-on experiences ranging from our senior capstone design program to our enterprise teams to internships/co-ops. As a mechanical engineer, you can make a difference in the world by using the latest technologies to help solve today's grand challenges.

ABET Accreditation

Our undergraduate mechanical engineering program is ABET Accredited. ABET accreditation is a significant achievement. We have worked hard to ensure that our program meets the quality standards set by the profession. And, because it requires comprehensive, periodic evaluations, ABET accreditation demonstrates our continuing commitment to the quality of our program-both now and in the future.

Prepare for Graduate Study

Our undergraduate program in mechanical engineering prepares you for advanced study in the field. Earn your MS and/or PhD degrees in mechanical engineering, engineering mechanics, or a related field either at Michigan Tech or at another university.

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What is Mechanical Engineering? | Michigan Technological University

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Mechanical engineers design, develop, build, and test. They deal with anything that moves, from components to machines to the human body.

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Automotive Engineering is a branch of vehicle engineering that designs and manufactures different types of automobiles. Automotive engineers enhance performance, aesthetics, and software of automobiles. Automotive engineers might work in a certain sector in the field such as fluid mechanics, control systems or aerodynamics. The work of these engineers are broken down into three sections design, research, and development.

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A biomedical engineer works on medicine to advance the technology and create new things to help humans. The normal biomedical engineers salary averages around $100,000 per year and can reach up to 200. Biomedical engineers do not need to go to med school but you need to earn a bachelors degree in many subjects including, biology, and biomedical engineering.

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What Is Biomedical Engineering? | Michigan Technological University

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Biomedical engineering is the application of the principles and problem-solving techniques of engineering to biology and medicine.

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Civil engineers design and plan the layout, construction, and long-term maintenance of a variety of infrastructure projects, such as roads, bridges, power plants, harbors, and water systems. As civil engineers, they manage and supervise infrastructure projects to determine whether newly built structures are secure, durable, and serviceable for the public to access and utilize.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023, September 6). What Civil Engineers Do. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/civil-engineers.htm#tab-2

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Civil Engineers : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Civil engineers design, build, and supervise infrastructure projects and systems.

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Median pay - 102,339 year

Typical needed Schooling - Bachelor's degree.

Job posting - Full time for Dona Engineering Philadelphia, PA

Second Job posting - Full time in East Pointe Search group, Inc client Reading,PA

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Median Pay: $88,232
Required Education: Bachelor's Degree

Job Posts:
1. Full-Time Materials Engineer at Minerals Technologies
2.  Full-Time Sr. Ceramic Material & Process Engineer at Lockheed Martin
https://www.clearancejobs.com/jobs/7306722/sr-ceramic-material-process-engineer-level-3?utm_source=careerbuilder&utm_medium=jobfeed&utm_campaign=url&ccuid=49190107974&_ccid=1694807870169fk2yhdvaz

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Materials Engineer / Scientist in Easton, Pennsylvania | Careers at Easton, PA

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Median Pay (2022): $96,310 annually
Typical Education Required: A bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering or mechanical engineering technologies.
Job Posts: Post 1 - A full-time mechanical engineering job at Liberty Personnel Services, Inc., in Bethlehem, PA.
Post 2 - A full-time mechanical engineering job at Air Products, in Allentown, PA.

Information From: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/mechanical-engineers.htm#tab-4

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Median starting salary: $77,440

Required education: bachelor's degree

Job posts: Military Service - U.S. Space Force, Aeronautical Engineer

Aeronautical Engineer - Early Career - Lockheed Martin

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Median Starting pay: $60,680

Required education: bachelor's degree

Job posts: Biomedical Engineer - Veteran Staffing Network

Biomedical/Clinical Engineer - Sigma Health Consulting

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Median Starting salary: $58,730

Required education: bachelor's degree

Job posts: Robotics Engineer - Procter & Gamble

Robotics CAE Engineer, Tesla Bot - Tesla

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Median Pay: $97,632 yearly
Typical Schooling Needed: Four Years of College and Bachelors Degree.
2 Job Posts: Automotive Engineer, Continental, United States, Full-Time
Automotive Engineer, Honda of US Mfg, Inc., Full-Time

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Median Starting Salary - $81k
Needed Schooling - 4 years and a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering.
Job Postings - First post : ARKA Group, King of Prussia, PA (full time). Second post : Leidos, King of Prussia, PA (full time)

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Median Pay: $95,180
Required Education: Bachelor's Degree

Job Posts:
1. Vehicle Mechanical Engineer at Exponent
2. Corportate Port Engineer at Kia
https://careers.kiausa.com/job/Philadelphia-Corporate-Port-Engineer-Penn-19112/1035998200/?feedId=269400&utm_source=Indeed&utm_campaign=KIA_Indeed

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Work on our clients' most interesting challenges as you shape your own path. Explore Exponent science, engineering, and corporate careers.

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Median Pay: $97,874
Required Education: Bachelor's Degree

Job Posts:
1. Process Engineer at Graymont
2. Advanced Process Modeling and Optimization Engineer at KeyLogic
https://phg.tbe.taleo.net/phg02/ats/careers/v2/viewRequisition?org=KEYLOGIC&cws=37&rid=1288

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Graymont (PA) is seeking a well-organized, highly motivated individual to fill the position of Process Engineer at the Pleasant Gap, PA location. This individual will lead numerous technical items within the plant, but not limited to, managing capital projects and analyzing and identifying process improvement opportunities involving safety, efficiency, quality, calcination, combustion, hydration, slaking, crushing, screening, storage, and lime/limestone handling.The keys for success will be:

A strong focus on safety, open/honest communication, and teamwork

A continuous improvement attitude in all aspects of both personal performance and the plant operation

Ability to provide leadership for the operation to ensure safe, efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective production of lime and limestone products

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES :

Ensure that the highest standards are achieved in the areas of safety, process efficiency, and quality control

Manage the Process Optimization Program (POP) in conjunction with other members of the POP team

Participate in cross-functional teams to continuously improve plant technical knowledge, process, and efficiency

Identify, develop, continuously improve, and communicate the best available process practices developed within Graymont

Develop, manage, and implement capital projects

Keep abreast of the latest technological developments related to the lime industry

Communicate clearly and effectively with all members of the workforce

Participate in taking process measurements and performing associated heat and mass balances

Function as a relief supervisor to assist with coverage for supervisory staff

Perform on-call duties in rotation with the plant management team

QUALIFICATIONS :

BS Degree in Engineering (Chemical or Mechanical Engineering preferred)

Minimum of 3 to 5 years of industrial experience (lime, cement, or minerals processing industry preferred)

Self-starter with very strong teamwork and communication skills

Proven ability with project management from concept to completion (budgeting, documentation, support coordination, etc.)

Proven ability to handle multiple tasks and demands

PLC programming and automation skills a strong asset

Knowledge of JD Edwards software package a plus

Must be willing to work extended hours as necessary to meet deadlines or to ensure resolution of plant problems

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Hiring Process Engineer, Operations Salaried + - United States - PA - Pleasant Gap

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Median pay - $90,649

Typical Schooling - Bachelor degree in engineering.

Job 1 - Irwin car and Equipment Irwin,PA

Job 2 - SSM Group, INC Hybrid remote in reading, PA

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Median Pay: $89,940

Typical needed schooling: A bachelor's degree in civil engineering

Job Postings

Post 1: Full time Senior Civil Engineer for Acela Architects + Engineers, P.C. in Allentown PA.

https://www.indeed.com/jobs?q=%22civil+engineer%22&l=Lansdale%2C+PA&vjk=c64e771f5e01c85b&advn=4808463285324144

Post 2: Full time civil engineers for MRA Unlimited Inc. in Philadelphia, PA.

https://www.indeed.com/jobs?q=%22civil+engineer%22&l=Lansdale%2C+PA&vjk=cf33249636144d3a

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Median pay - $ 83,276

Schooling Needed - Bachelor degree from University or College.

Job posting 1 - Tesla palo Alto,Ca

Job Posting 2 - Assistant Professor - Automotive Engineering Clemson University

Clemson, SC

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Median Pay - $96,310

Typical Needed Education: A bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering

Job Postings

Post 1: A full time Mechanical Engineer in Chester Springs, PA for J-TECH

https://www.indeed.com/jobs?q=mechanical+engineer&l=Lansdale%2C+PA&sc=0kf%3Aattr%28FCGTU%7CHFDVW%7CQJZM9%7CUTPWG%252COR%29jt%28fulltime%29%3B&sort=date&vjk=865a028066b570e3

Post 2: A full time senior specialist/process automation engineer in West Point, PA for Merck Co., & Inc.

https://www.careerbuilder.com/job/J3V3L367TGKT3L53CGL

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Median Pay: $94,102

Typical needed education: A bachelor's degree in structural or civil engineering

Job Postings

Post 1: A full time Facades Structural Engineer for Kane Partners LLC in Conshohocken, PA.

https://www.indeed.com/jobs?q=strutu%5Cral+engineer&l=Lansdale%2C+PA&vjk=ad7abbb6169d8c82&advn=1344734566149660

Post 2: A full time Project Structural Engineer for WJM Engineering, Inc in Doylestown, PA

https://www.indeed.com/jobs?q=%22structural+engineer%22&l=Lansdale%2C+PA&radius=50&vjk=7eee17828aac0d72