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References
WHO. (2023) Social Determinants of Health.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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Thermal spas in Croatia; Photo by: Krapinske Toplice – Aquae Vivae 

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I adore these baths since they work to rebalance the body, calm the mind, and reenergize the spirit. These are incredibly unique and useful, in my opinion. They are defiantly a wonderful creation for our physical and mental well-being.

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My family is from an island called Brac in Split. This is part of the Dalmatian coast. A big aspect of all the islands, is the beautiful beaches and the coastal scenery. When I look at these beaches personally, my mind feels at ease, due to the reflection of the calming atmosphere.
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Image reference
Foster, J., & Jordan, R. (2022). The 20 Best Beaches in Croatia, From Dubrovnik City Spots to Hidden Coves on Brač. Retrieved October 9, 2023, from https://www.cntraveler.com/gallery/the-20-best-beaches-in-croatia.

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I feel privileged to have visited Italy, Rome with my parents to see where my family is from in 2014. 

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This is the Bocca della Veritá AKA Mouth of Truth. It is a famous marble mask sculpture in Italy. My first ever visit, I was told by the Italian's as a joke that if I'd previously lied, it would bite my hand off. I was pretty scared to put my hand in it.

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WorldAtlas. (2021). Maps Of Italy. Retrieved October 9, 2023, from https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/italy. 

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This is the map of Italy, it is known for its shape of a large boot.

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Focused country: Afghanistan
Over the past 17 years, Afghanistan's health system has advanced steadily, expanding the accessibility of health services all across the nation (WHO, 2023.). Afghanistan is currently experiencing a protracted humanitarian crisis (WHO, 2023.), due to this crisis and other factors WHO have helped out significantly by seeking to promote the health and welfare of this population. Millions of Afghans are currently residing in areas with limited or no access to food and healthcare, placing them at a high risk of hunger and disease outbreaks.

Three health concerns, that could potentially be present in Afghans when migrating to Australia are:

Mental Health
Our wellbeing heavily depends on our Mental Health. Various factors such as trauma, loss, exploitation etc. may have an effect on refugee/migrant Afghans which will increase the risk for mental health issues such as developing PTSD, anxiety, depression etc (Singleton et al., 2012).
One treatment available for individuals who are experiencing trauma or other concerns is 'community-based psychoeducation and/or health programs' (Tomasi et al., 2022)

Anaemia, Iron Deficiency, & Other Blood Conditions
Vitamin b12 in specific has been reported to affect afghans (Chaves & Paxton, 2012). Poor access to food can increase the chances of developing iron deficiency, such as low B12 levels, which can potentially lead to anaemia (Tidy, 2021). Some settings have been reported to have up to 50% of anaemic patients with iron deficiency (Chaves & Paxton, 2012), which signifies the prevalence of this health issue. A treatment option for Afghan migrants who may be struggling with these health-related conditions would be education on iron-rich diets and avoiding excessive dairy intake, specifically in children (Chaves & Paxton, 2012).

Low vitamin D
This health issue is prevalent in refugee populations particularly in afghan migrants in Australia (Singleton & Paxton, 2012). Statistics have shown that “64% of all women in Afghanistan suffer due to a lack of vitamin D” (Zewar, M., & Chakraborty, S. 2022). The reason for these individuals being frequently at risk can include factors such as dark skin, covering clothing and reduced exposure to sunlight (Singleton & Paxton, 2012).
Treatment for afghan migrants whom are lacking Vitamin D should include Health education on the significance of D3 and calcium intake, sun protection and sun exposure (Singleton & Paxton, 2012)

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Chaves, N., & Paxton, G. (2012) Anaemia, Iron Deficiency, and Other Blood Conditions " Australian Refugee Health. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/anaemia-iron-deficiency-and-other-blood-conditions/

Singleton, G., Hocking, D., Gardiner, J., & Paxton, G. (2012). Mental Health " Australian Refugee Health. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/mental-health/

Singleton, G., & Paxton, G. (2012). Low Vitamin D " Australian Refugee Health. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/low-vitamin-d/

Tidy, D. C. (2021, February 16). Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anaemia. https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/anaemia-leaflet/vitamin-b12-deficiency-and-pernicious-anaemia

Tomasi, A.-M., Slewa-Younan, S., Narchal, R., & Rioseco, P. R. (2022, July). Understanding the mental health and help-seeking behaviours of refugees. AIFS. https://aifs.gov.au/resources/short-articles/understanding-mental-health-and-help-seeking-behaviours-refugees

WHO. (2023) Health Systems. https://www.emro.who.int/afg/programmes/health-system-strengthening.html

WHO. (2023) Afghanistan’s Health System suffers critical underfunding, calls for donor support. https://www.who.int/news/item/18-08-2023-afghanistan-s-health-system-suffers-critical-underfunding--calls-for-donor-support

Zewar, M., & Chakraborty, S. (2022, February 7). Anemia prevalence and Associations with Contributing Factors in Reproductive-Aged Afghan Women. Medical Reports & Case Studies. https://www.iomcworld.org/open-access/nutritional-emergency-among-women-in-afghanistan-anemia-prevalence-and-associations-with-contributing-factors-in-reprodu.pdf

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Image reference: Smith, W. (2018, November 5). flag of Croatia. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Croatia

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This is the Croatian flag. The three colours symbolise Kingdoms of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia which are regions that are historic states of Croatia. This is quite significant to me, due to both grandparents being from this country. The centre consists of a shield; representing Croatia through the red and white checkered squares and above are smaller shields which represent other regions that are of significance.

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Photo taken by my parents in Italy, Rome in 2014. 

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This is me in Italy when I was around 10 years old. In my culture, cold meats like Coppa, Mortadella, Proscuitto etc… are  popular foods especially to have in a traditional panini roll. Throughout my whole life every gathering my family may have we always are having a cold meat and cheese platter to enjoy before our big pasta and pizza dinner spread, so having a photo in this authentic Italian deli was something meaningful to me and my family.

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Kröger, M. (2001). You can do something amazing for refugees. Fundraise for refugees. Retrieved 2023, from https://www.unhcr.org/uk/fundraise-refugees. 

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When I become an RN, I intend to incorporate all of the domains to my practise to ensure that I am constantly providing suitable care to my patients. One of the most important aspect that shined a light for me in domain 7, was standard 12.3. As it outlined the importance in applying high ethical standards and principles when providing care to individuals from refugee backgrounds (Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, 2019). Personally,  I believe that every single individual needs to feel appreciated and that their opinions are heard when they are being cared for. To guarantee that each patient feels free to add their own judgement and opinion to their own healthcare decisions, I strive to utilise person-centered and family-focused treatment along with safe and fair care.
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Framework reference
Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. (2019) Working with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Image from Pinterest by CIV Blog | Personal Development | Lifestyle | Mental Health (2023) Get Your Daily Dose Of Serotonin. (n.d)

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Health to me means maintaining a balance in both our physical and mental health. Wellness is everyday, it's you. Your heart, your mind and your soul - its moving, it's pumping and its breathing, it's so important! So, striving to ensure that you are making yourself, a priority to be as healthy as possible not just in our bodies but in our minds is essential as I believe that a healthy body cannot function without a clear and healthy mind.