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Toilet
USA  - 73% of respondents admitted to being on the toilet regardless of age or gender.(Vioguard,2021)

UK  -  More than half of people in the UK use their mobile phones in the toilet.(BBC,2020)

What：
Physical illnesses such as haemorrhoids are caused by taking too long to go to the toilet.

Bed
61% of British people say they usually look at their phone before bed.(YouGov, 2022)

What：
Scrolling through a mobile phone before bed has a 38.9% chance of causing addiction and a 68.7% chance of causing poor sleep. (Sohn, 2021)

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The cabinets in the sales area are operated by digital electronic locks. When the electronic lock is energised, the cabinet is ejected 2-3 cm.

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As no reply was received from JELU-WERK when contacted, no further judgement could be made as to the usability of the material.

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This section gave me a sense of the structure of the part and laid the foundation for the technical drawing design that followed.

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The study was about whether the souvenir was given to the seller or to the buyer and its data came from 51 people who had experience of using school uniforms

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The data suggests that users want souvenirs when they buy and sell, so the gift is given to both the buyer and the seller. Keyrings and stamps are the most wanted form of souvenir they will appear. The balls will be limited to around 7cm in size.

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They are designed to be tall and large in order to hold as many clothes as possible at once, so that the height of the entrance is not student-friendly. On the other hand, the small recycling cabinets do not hold a lot of clothes as they are not neatly folded when they are recycled, and the cluttered way they are recycled reinforces users' concerns about the hygiene of their clothes.

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Mr. Shen          Age: 17         Male        Senior High School

Situation:

He followed the trend of buying school uniforms, so much so that he still has two sets of unopened junior school uniforms at home. He wants to keep one set as a souvenir, as there is no dedicated platform other surplus school uniforms will be donated.

Key information:

· White summer clothes tend to be old and bad to get out.

· Summer polo collars can wear out.

· If the second-hand sale does not care about the price (he can do without money), but he hopes there are souvenirs.

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This project enhances people's ability (A)  to buy in several ways :

1. the kiosk form provides a channel for people to buy
2. Simpler and smarter ways of using the product.
3. the recycling area of the product is incorporated with UV lamps to eliminate hygiene anxiety.

The project attracts people to use the product by setting up the Gacha machine as a trigger (P).

The design as a whole raises the user's A and P to complete the behaviour.

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Fogg (2011) claims that to achieve a user to change their behaviour, which need for three elements:

1. Motivation: To give the user enough motives Fogg (2009) illustrate the motives there are three broad categories:

(A). Pleasure or pain (direct): such as food, sex etc.

(B). Hope or fear (indirect): hope and meet with beauty, afraid to miss the preferential sense of urgency.

(C). The desire to be accepted by others (higher level): If you upload your avatar on Facebook, do not be out of tune with others.

2. Ability: The user can complete the conversion. The user has the ability to complete the conversion, that white is the cost in the range he can accept. For example, time, money, power of habit, etc.

3. Prompt: It need to trigger the user conversion factor . These three elements must be met at the same time will form an effective transformation, otherwise it will not happen. For the sake of promoting transformation, “at the right time, with the right motive to persuade the user to do what he can do” ( Niedderer, et al., 2016)

(A). Spark: When the user does not have enough motivation, need to use the text or video, etc., to stimulate the user to generate motivation.

(B). Auxiliary Facilitator: When the user already has enough motivation, but sometimes he does not know how to do, need to help users into conversion.

(C) Signal: When the user has both the motivation to do, and know how to do, the need is at the right time to give him a reminder. At that time, pointing again or tempting him would be annoying.

These three factors must occur at the same time, otherwise the target behavior will not happen. The FBM model has a role in the analysis and design of persuasion techniques. At the same time, the FBM model can also work in team activities, because this model provides a common way to understand behavioral changes (Foggs, 2011., Eyal and Hoover, 2014).

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Fogg (2020) has emphasised that to design behaviour, the motivational factors in FBM cannot be changed, as we should not change the user's mind, which goes against the original intention of the design.

Combining the results of the pre-project research we can conclude that for most Chinese students (junior high school and above) they are willing to use second-hand school uniforms, which means that the motivational factor is there. They are really hindered by hygiene issues and lack of trade channels. This suggests that a system that is professionally operated for second-hand school uniforms could increase their ability to get second-hand uniforms, in line with fogg's behaviour change theory.

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Unsanitary and unknown sources as the main reasons for people's reluctance to accept second-hand school uniforms. How to address them is key.

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1. For students, the more they know about the pollution caused by school uniforms, the more they are likely to be able to accept second-hand uniforms. This shows that students' acceptance of second-hand school uniforms can be raised by spreading awareness of the issue.

Similarly, the higher the awareness of school uniform sustainability among adults the lower the opposition rate. If the potential impact holds, then influencing adults can change students at the same time.

2. In a sample of 77 students, only three students' families were explicitly opposed to second-hand clothes. This suggests that there is feasibility in changing students' perceptions to prompt them to choose second-hand school uniforms.

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The above only contains part of the research content analysis, the detailed content in the portfolio

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School uniforms are short-lived and have a quick replacement rate, making them suitable for sale as second-hand.

Popularising the use of second-hand school uniforms will help to increase their acceptance rate.

Students at junior high school and above have their own choice of second-hand school uniforms.

People will sell second-hand clothes, even if they do not accept their use.

More professional systems and products are needed to handle the process of distributing second-hand school uniforms.

A transparent handling process can advance their second-hand school uniforms

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VWf5fRPmf93qar0AQEGDIWaVBuDfRGquiz_Hkkv8Wbk/edit?usp=sharing

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Second-hand school uniform related research statistics (translation)

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How can behavioural design be applied to product design to enhance the concept of sustainability for Gen Z in China?

The goal of the project during this period was to awaken a new generation of Chinese young people to sustainability through the impact of the products on their behaviour.

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School uniforms are a product that is used for a short period of time and has a large user base in China. However, with the influence of Chinese culture, most users are not willing to accept second-hand school uniforms. As a result, tens of thousands of school uniforms go to waste every year. This is a very serious problem.

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Due to the wide range of behavioural design designs, a number of proposed models, interventions, and solutions have emerged in the present day. Examples include Fogg's FBM model, Michie's COM-B model, and Bhamra's DfSB strategy. Their theories and models can be used as a practical basis for exploring behaviour design in product design.

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Behaviour Design and Product Design

The goal of the project is to make human life better through the research and practice of behavioural design, in the form of products that change certain social situations in order to solve certain problems.

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At the office or desk

A research study has shown that 45% of women in the US cross their legs. Although 75% of people know that this action is harmful to their health, they do it unconsciously.

Legs crossed

Doing this for a long time can lead to problems such as scoliosis and lateral pelvic tilt. (Park,2014)

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The interview was conducted by telephone as the person did not wish to appear in person

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Miss. Chen        Age: 15       Female       Junior high school

Situation:

She now has 3 sets of winter clothes and 4 sets of summer clothes. 7 pairs of the same school trousers.

She lives in the south. She thinks she needs to wear an extra pair under her summer or winter school trousers in winter, which has led to her having a lot of new but unworn school trousers. She would like to sell a few pairs but doesn't have the time to keep an eye on the second hand software because of her studies.

Key information:

· There will be as many extra trousers for summer as there are for winter school trousers.

· Second-hand software require communication with buyers and cannot pinpoint our school buyers.

· The second-hand software is too cumbersome.

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Digital electronic locks are also used on the cabinet doors in the recycling area. The hinges of this door are made of transparent material to minimise the presence of the hinges and maintain the overall harmony of the design.

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This was conceived in relation to the behaviour design theory. Based on the previous research conclusions combined with the B=MAP theory: the users’ motivation (M) exists but their ability to buy (A) is hampered by hygiene issues and the lack of trading channels, as well as the lack of triggers (P), which prevents the act of trading second-hand school uniforms from taking place. Therefore it was determined that the design revolves around the form of a kiosk with a twister as the trigger.

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students will be directly engaged in the process of purchasing second-hand school uniforms.

junior high school： grades 1-3 ages 13 to 15
Senior High School：grades 1-3 ages 16 to 18

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Comparing  phenomenon ：
The school has made it mandatory for every student to wear the same clothes to school in order to avoid any comparison or discrimination in dress code.

School uniform culture ：
From the late 19th century when school uniforms were introduced to modern China until now, school uniform culture has gradually become one of the hallmarks of Chinese education.

Population：
As a major education country, we have hundreds of millions of people wearing school uniforms every day.

Current situation：
1. With a total of about 209 million students enrolled in compulsory and high school education in China, and growing by nearly 50 million a year.  (China National Garment Association, 2020)

2. Based on an average of 4 uniforms per student, plus replacement and wear and tear, over 200 million uniforms need to be produced each year. A school uniform is estimated to be 3.3cm thick, and at 6,600km in total, the volume is equivalent to 3/4 of the height of Mount Everest.

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BJ Fogg's BFM Behavioural Model was chosen as the design model for this project.

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Azman, M. A., Asyraf, M. R. M., Khalina, A., Petrů, M., Ruzaidi, C. M., Sapuan, S. M., Wan Nik, W. B., Ishak, M. R., Ilyas, R. A. and Suriani, M. J. (2021) 'Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite Material for Product Design: A Short Review' In: Polymers 13 (12) At: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121917

BIO-PLASTICS EUROPE (2022) At: https://bioplasticseurope.eu/about (Accessed 01/07/2023).

Bruno, D., Ferrara, M., D’Alessandro, F., Mandelli, A., protected], [email, protected], [email and protected], [email (2022) 'The Role of Design in the CE Transition of the Furniture Industry—The Case of the Italian Company Cassina' In: Sustainability; Basel 14 (15) p.9168.

Buschalsky, F. Y. B. (01,02,2023) MDF Recycling: Recovering fibres from fibreboards for further material utilisation with a focus on the chemical and morphological alteration of the recovered fibres. At: https://ediss.uni-goettingen.de/handle/11858/14490 (Accessed 01/07/2023).

Cleries, L., Rognoli, V. and Others (2021) 'Materials designers: a new design discipline' In: Materials Designers. Boosting talent towards circular economies. (s.l.): All Purpose. pp.43–47.

Del Borghi, A., Parodi, S., Moreschi, L. and Gallo, M. (2021) 'Sustainable packaging: an evaluation of crates for food through a life cycle approach' In: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26 (4) pp.753–766.

Iritani, D. R., Silva, D. A. L., Saavedra, Y. M. B., Grael, P. F. F. and Ometto, A. R. (2015) 'Sustainable strategies analysis through Life Cycle Assessment: a case study in a furniture industry' In: Journal of cleaner production 96 pp.308–318.

Lopez, N. S. R. and Faucheu, J. (2021) 'EXPLORING LOCAL RECIRCULATION OF PAPER WASTE THROUGH UPCYCLING AND ARTISTIC RECYCLING' In: Proceedings of the Design Society 1 pp.1481–1490.

Postell, J. (2012) 'Furniture Design' At: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucreative-ebooks/reader.action?docID=946961

Silva, M. H. de P. e., Costa, L. B. M., Paredes, F. J. G., Barretti, J. W. and Silva, D. A. L. (2022) 'The effect of demand forecasting choices on the circularity of production systems: a framework and case study' In: Resources, Conservation & Recycling Advances 15 p.200088.

The Circular Economy for Plastics – A European Overview (2022) At: https://plasticseurope.org/knowledge-hub/the-circular-economy-for-plastics-a-european-overview-2/ (Accessed 06/07/2023).

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Volunteer      Age: 46     Male
Shared School Uniform Charity Event

Introduction:

This conversation is from the volunteer of the China Share School Uniform charity event. The event is organised by the China Volunteer Service Association.

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This will help to raise interest in second-hand school uniforms and pass on the idea that it is normal to use second-hand clothes to Gen Z, thus promoting a sustainable mindset in dressing for this generation.

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Issues:

· Lack of credibility of shops around the campus such as supermarkets or bookstores as exchange locations, which leads buyers to doubt the level of hygiene.

· WeChat group chats are low in operability and subject to limitations such as not enough visualisation.

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Employee

Age: 34     Male

Used Clothing Recycling Software

Introduction:

This is the most established used clothing recycling company in China. In addition to recycling clothes they also recycle books, home electrical appliances.

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The different renderings of different colours and materials on products were explored here in search of good-looking styling.