# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Non-Alignment is a diplomatic principle that started during the Cold War, when many newly independent nations chose not to side with either the US or the Soviet Union. Instead, they wanted to stay neutral and protect their independence while still cooperating internationally. The movement officially began in 1961 with leaders like Nehru (India), Tito (Yugoslavia), and Nasser (Egypt). Its main goals were to avoid superpower control, promote peace, and strengthen solidarity among developing countries. In practice, non-aligned states acted as a balancing force in world politics, sometimes benefiting from both blocs while maintaining their sovereignty.

# data[].attributes.body
The balance of power emerged in 17th–18th century Europe as a way to prevent any single state from becoming too dominant. By forming and shifting alliances, countries aimed to maintain stability and avoid unchecked power. This principle was evident in events like the Napoleonic Wars, where rival coalitions sought to counter France’s expansion.

# data[].attributes.body
Collective security developed after World War I with the League of Nations and was later strengthened by the UN Charter in 1945. Its goal is for states to unite in defending one another against aggression, ensuring that an attack on one is treated as an attack on all. This principle is clearly applied in NATO’s Article 5, which commits members to mutual defense.

# data[].attributes.body
Nationalism originated during the French Revolution and later spread across the globe. It emphasizes the promotion of national identity and sovereignty, inspiring people to unite under a shared sense of belonging. This principle played a crucial role in fueling independence movements in Asia and Africa during decolonization, as nations sought freedom from colonial powers and the right to self-determination.

# data[].attributes.body
Sovereignty, rooted in the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, is the principle that states govern themselves without outside interference. It guarantees independence and the right to self-determination, though it often comes into tension with humanitarian intervention and global governance. Modern debates over conflicts such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine highlight the continuing importance of sovereignty in diplomacy.

# data[].attributes.body
Détente is the easing of tensions between rival powers, especially during the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union in the 1970s. It focused on reducing conflict through dialogue, treaties, and cooperation like the SALT agreements on nuclear weapons. While it didn’t completely end the rivalry, détente helped prevent direct war and showed how diplomacy can lower tensions between powerful nations.

# data[].attributes.body
Diplomatic immunity has roots in ancient traditions of respecting foreign envoys and was formalized in the 1961 Vienna Convention. Its purpose is to protect diplomats from legal or political persecution while serving abroad, ensuring smooth diplomatic relations. This principle is evident in the treatment of embassies as neutral zones, even during times of conflict.

# data[].attributes.body
Realpolitik, popularized in the 19th century by Otto von Bismarck, emphasizes pragmatic, interest-based diplomacy rather than ideology or morality. It seeks practical outcomes that ensure a state’s survival and strength. Examples include Bismarck’s role in German unification and later strategies like President Nixon’s visit to China, which reshaped Cold War dynamics.

# data[].attributes.body
Soft Power is a country’s ability to influence others not through force or coercion, but through attraction using culture, values, education, and diplomacy. Coined by Joseph Nye in the 1990s, it shows how things like movies, music, technology, or even humanitarian aid can shape global opinion and strengthen a nation’s influence.

# data[].attributes.body
Multilateralism emerged after World War II through institutions like the UN, IMF, and WTO, which encourage states to cooperate in solving global issues. Its goal is to create collective solutions that smaller states can also shape and influence. Agreements like the Paris Climate Accord demonstrate how multilateralism addresses challenges beyond national borders.

# data[].attributes.body
Nationalism is a political and social ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, and a strong sense of identity toward one’s nation. It promotes the preservation of national sovereignty, culture, and interests, often shaping a country’s foreign and domestic policies. In diplomacy, nationalism can strengthen unity but may also create tensions when national interests conflict with international cooperation.

# data[].attributes.body
is a principle of international law that grants diplomats and their families protection from the jurisdiction of the host country’s laws. It ensures that diplomats cannot be arrested, detained, or prosecuted while performing their official duties, allowing them to represent their home country freely and maintain smooth international relations.

# data[].attributes.body
Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations and managing relations between states or international actors. It serves as a vital tool for promoting national interests, maintaining peace, and fostering cooperation through dialogue, agreements, and strategic interaction rather than conflict.

# data[].attributes.body
The principle that a state has full authority over its territory, government, and people, free from external interference. It is the foundation of international law and diplomacy.

# data[].attributes.body
is the ability of a country to influence other nations through attraction and persuasion rather than force or coercion. It relies on culture, values, diplomacy, and foreign policies that appeal to others, shaping international relations by inspiring trust, admiration, or cooperation.

# data[].attributes.body
Multilateralism is a principle in diplomacy where three or more countries work together to address issues of common concern. It emphasizes cooperation, shared decision-making, and collective action through international organizations, treaties, or alliances. Multilateralism is often used to promote global peace, stability, and development by encouraging states to act not only in their own interest but also for the benefit of the international community.