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Global Challenge 11 - The Millennium Project

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Global Challenge 11 is to empower women and drive social evolution. It is essential for addressing all the global challenges facing humanity.

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If you defend human rights, you defend women’s’ rights.

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Across the globe, many women and girls still face discrimination because of their sex and gender.

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Women are given strict rules when working, most of the time they could get paid less than men, and have financial problems.

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Economic Justice | National Organization for Women

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NOW advocates for wide range of economic justice issues affecting women, from the glass ceiling to the sticky floor of poverty.

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Tens of millions of women and girls around the world are employed as domestic workers in private households. They clean, cook, care for children, look after elderly family members, and perform other essential tasks for their employers. Despite their important role, they are among the most exploited and abused workers in the world. They often work 14 to 18 hours a day, seven days a week, for wages far below the minimum wage. They may be locked within their workplace and subject to physical and sexual violence. Children and migrant domestic workers are often the most vulnerable. An international treaty - the Domestic Workers Convention - was adopted in June 2011, providing the first global standards to protect domestic workers.

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Tens of millions of women and girls around the world are employed as domestic workers in private households. They clean, cook, care for children, look after elderly family members, and perform other essential tasks for their employers. Despite their important role, they are among the most exploited and abused workers in the world.

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Stacey-Leigh Manuel Deputy Director, Women’s Rights Division

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Women and Armed Conflict | Human Rights Watch

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Throughout history, women and girls have often been targeted in wartime for violence, especially sexual violence. They have also been excluded from conflict prevention and resolution efforts. Despite increased awareness and mobilization at the local and international levels, women and girls in conflict continue to face multiple challenges. A lack of high-level leadership committed to integrating women’s rights, including in Security Council negotiations and in peace talks, means women are often left out. Grassroots organizations working on women’s local-level peacebuilding and service provision struggle to get adequate and consistent funding. And, despite the heightened risk of violence faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals and women with disabilities in situations of armed conflict, they are typically sidelined in policy and programming, often leaving them out of decision-making processes and unable to access services.

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IWPR - Institute for Women's Policy Research

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Institute for Women’s Policy Research - IWPR

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" Women's rights are human rights" is a phrase used in the feminist movement. The phrase was first used in the 1980s and early 1990s. Its most prominent usage is as the name of a speech given by Hillary Rodham Clinton, the First Lady of the United States, on 5 September 1995, at the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing. In this speech she sought to closely link the notion of women's rights with that of human rights. In the speech, Clinton used the phrase within the longer, bidirectional refrain, "human rights are women's rights and women's rights are human rights."

The notion that "women's rights are human rights" was first expressed with different phrasing by the abolitionists and proto-feminists Sarah Moore Grimké and Angelina Grimké Weld in the late 1830s. In her series of Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, Sarah Moore Grimké writes, "Consequently I know nothing of man's rights, or woman's rights; human rights are all that I recognize". A similar expression is used by her sister, Angelina Grimké Weld, in her speeches and personal letters. In a letter to her friend Jane Smith, she writes, "whatever is morally right for a man to do is morally right for a woman to do. I recognized no rights but human rights."

The phrase "Women's rights are human rights" was used intermittently during the 1980s and first half of the 1990s, before Clinton's speech. Instances include in 1984, when The New York Times quoted the head of New York City's Human Rights Commission, Marcella Maxwell, using this phrase in conversation. It was again used in 1985 by Cecilia Medina, a noted Chilean jurist, in a seminal paper on feminism. The title of her work was 'Women's Rights as Human Rights: Latin American Countries and the Organization of American States (OAS).' In articulating the historic idea, Medina wrote, "As a logical consequence of the fact that women's rights are human rights, feminism, in theory, is a movement to achieve a democratic society, without which human rights may not be fully enjoyed."

Canadian politician Ed Broadbent, who was the head of the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, used the phrase in an interview with the Calgary Herald in January 1993 when he stated, "If we believe as a society that women's rights are human rights, then it is time to stop discriminating against women in refugee policy." The phrase was used by Laurel Fletcher during a 1993 international law symposium called Human Rights Violations Against Women, an edited version of which was published by Fletcher, Allyn Taylor and Joan Fitzpatrick in 1994. Article 3 of Malaysian Charter on Human Rights, published in December 1994 by a number of non-governmental organizations, begins with the sentence "Women's Rights are Human Rights."[circular reference ]

In planning to make her speech, the 47-year-old Clinton defied both internal administration pressure and external Chinese pressure to soften her remarks. The U.S. State Department and the National Security Agency both tried to dissuade her on the grounds that it would irritate the Chinese. While President Bill Clinton had seen the speech in advance, his aides had not, and White House Chief of Staff Thomas McLarty was under the impression that it would not say anything new or controversial. Some human rights campaigners also objected to Clinton speaking in China, fearing it would legitimize that government, and a State Department condition was that Chinese human rights activist Harry Wu be released before she would appear, which he was. Some vocal Catholic groups criticized the gathering as "anti-family" while some ideological conservatives said that Clinton was clearly going to push a "radical feminist agenda" while there.

Cecilia Medina was part of the United Nations Human Rights Committee in 1995 and so may have influenced the speech.[citation needed ]

Once it happened on 5 September 1995, Clinton's speech was delivered in a large hall at the conference. In it, she argued against practices abusing women around the world and in China itself. Targeting governments and organizations as well as individual females, she stated her belief that the issues facing women and girls are often either ignored or "silenced" and thus go unresolved. Elements brought up in the speech include dowry deaths and China's one-child policy.

Clinton declared "that it is no longer acceptable to discuss women's rights as separate from human rights". Delegates from over 180 countries heard her say:

"If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that human rights are women's rights and women's rights are human rights, once and for all."

She followed this by saying, "As long as discrimination and inequities remain so commonplace everywhere in the world, as long as girls and women are valued less, fed less, fed last, overworked, underpaid, not schooled, subjected to violence in and outside their homes-the potential of the human family to create a peaceful, prosperous world will not be realized." A number of the women delegates at the conference pounded on tables and cheered as she spoke.

China's citizenry was not allowed to attend the speech, and it was blacked out on Chinese radio and television.

The speech received prominent media attention at the time. NBC News anchor Tom Brokaw said, "In her own way, she made a direct hit on the Chinese," while that network's correspondent Andrea Mitchell said it was "highly unusual" for a U.S. first lady to engage in this kind of significant diplomatic activity. The New York Times said that Clinton spoke "more forcefully on human rights than any American dignitary has on Chinese soil."

The speech is considered to be influential in the women's rights movement. Specifically, it became a key moment in the empowerment of women, and years later women around the world would recite Clinton's key phrases.

The speech was listed as number 35 in American Rhetoric's Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century (listed by rank).

In 2011, Clinton took a similar position on LGBT rights in a speech to the United Nations on International Human Rights Day, declaring "gay rights are human rights, and human rights are gay rights."

In 2013, following Clinton's time as U.S. Secretary of State, Clinton led a review at the Clinton Global Initiative of how women's rights have changed since her 1995 speech. It concluded that progress had been made for girls in education and for women and girls in healthcare but that females around the world still suffered due to lack of political rights and security vulnerabilities. In Clinton's words: "It's a glass-half-filled kind of scenario."

On the twentieth anniversary of the speech in 2015 there were more retrospectives on it. Not everyone was enamored of it: publicly visible lawyer Bruce Fein said: "She made one statement in Beijing that wasn't very profound - that women are human beings."

The speech and phrase became a focal point of Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. The campaign sold T-shirts stating "women's rights are human rights" at her campaign store, in reference to her speech. The campaign also sold a bag that featured the full phrase "Human rights are women's rights and women's rights are human rights"; on the bag it was shown in six languages. As well, the campaign sold a Tory Burch T-shirt featuring the phrase "women's rights are human rights..." in capital letters. The campaign also created photo references and displays of items necessary for five Halloween costumes, including "'Women's rights are human rights' Hillary".

In Jennifer Lopez's 2016 music video for her song " Ain't Your Mama", a sample of Clinton giving part of her speech can be heard, specifically, "Human rights are women's rights, and women's rights are human rights, once and for all."

In 2017, for International Women's Day, Madonna released a short film titled Her-Story; it ends with the message "Women's rights are human rights."

As evidenced by physician Leslie Regan in The Journal of Sexual Medicine, the phrase remains relevant in political discourse in the 2010s, specifically with regards to the discussion of policy regarding women's sexual health and reproductive rights.

1. ^ Fester, Gertrude (1994). "Women's Rights Are Human Rights". Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity. 20 (20): 76-79. JSTOR 4065874.

2. ^ Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman. Addressed to Mary S. Parker. Boston: Isaac Knapp, 1838. Reprinted by Forgotten Books, 2012.

3. The Grimke Sisters, ^ Sarah and Angelina Grimke: the First American Women Advocates of Abolition and Woman's Rights. Washington, DC, Lee and Shepard, 1885. Reprint by Greenwood Press, 1969. Reprint by Hard Press, 2014, p.109.

4. ^ Díaz-Diocaretz, Myriam; Zavala, Iris M. (1 January 1985). Women, Feminist Identity, and Society in the 1980s: Selected Papers. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 0915027518 - via Google Books.

5. ^ "Gender-related Refugee Claims". Government of Canada Publications. March 1994.

6. ^ Fletcher, Laurel; Taylor, Allyn; Fitzpatrick, Joan (1994). "Human Rights Violations Against Women". Whittier Law Review. 15 (319).

7. ^ Malaysian Charter on Human Rights#Malaysian Charter on Human Rights

8. ^ "Hillary Clinton' Beijing Speech on Women Resonates 20 Years Later", Amy Chozick, The New York Times, 5 September 2015

9. ^ "Flashback: First Lady Hillary Clinton in China", BETSY FISCHER MARTIN and GRACE LAMB-ATKINSON, NBC News, 20 March 2014

10. ^ Hudson, Valerie M.; Leidl, Patricia (2015). The Hillary Doctrine: Sex & American Foreign Policy. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 7-8. ISBN 978-0-231-16492-4.

11. ^ Capehart, Jonathan (December 11, 2011). "Clinton's Geneva accord: 'Gay rights are human rights'". The Washington Post.

12. ^ Singer, Paul (2015-01-21). "Hillary Clinton campaign sanctions official Halloween costume ideas |". .

13. Gostin, Nicki ^ "Jennifer Lopez samples Hillary Clinton speech in new music video" New York Daily News, 6 May 2016

14. ^ "Hillary Rodham Clinton - United Nations 4th World Conference Speech" American Rhetoric .

15. ^ Regan, Lesley (2017). "Integrating Human Rights and Women's Health. Competencies for Practice". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 14 (5): e221-e222. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.162.

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Women's rights are human rights - Wikipedia

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" Women's rights are human rights" is a phrase used in the feminist movement. The phrase was first used in the 1980s and early 1990s. Its most prominent usage is as the name of a speech given by Hillary Rodham Clinton, the First Lady of the United States, on 5 September 1995, at the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.

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In Africa, the struggle for women's rights is at a crisis point.

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In Africa, the struggle for women's rights is at a crisis point.

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A woman who became pregnant after being raped by rebels in Paoua, Central African Republic, December 2021. BARBARA DEBOUT / AFP

More than anywhere else in the world, to be a woman in Africa is to endure a life marked by violence. "Africa is the region of the world where women are most likely to be killed by an intimate partner or family member," revealed a UN Women study published in 2019. Among the most dangerous countries for women is South Africa. On average, three women are killed by their partners there every hour.

Femicide victims are primarily female family members, sex workers, but also elderly reclusive women or orphaned girls accused of witchcraft in war-torn countries, such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These acts of annihilation are often part of a continuum of physical, sexual, psychological and economic brutality.

Described by the UN as "the most widespread but least visible human rights violation in the world," gender-based violence massively affects African women. In 2018, a World Health Organization (WHO) survey revealed that 65% of women in Central Africa and 40% in West Africa have suffered from violence. Yet women's rights organizations say these statistics fall short of reality. The fear of stigmatization too often discourages victims from reporting their attacker. In Niger, 99% of rape victims do not seek justice, according to a study conducted by the German Friedrich-Ebert Foundation, and when they do, the convictions do not match the severity of the acts.

Forced marriages, domestic violence...

Yet the fight against gender-based violence has gradually become part of African states' political agendas in recent years. Toll-free numbers, women's ministries, financial autonomy programs... These are among the pledges made by African countries to international donors as proof of their commitment to women's rights.

The fact remains, however, that these gender policies are struggling to produce effective results. "All these campaigns [related to gender] do not address the underlying power dynamics in gender relations," the sociologist Fatou Sow told Le Monde in January. She pointed out the negative repercussions of small financial loans granted to women by the government and NGOs to reduce gender inequalities. "Rather than granting microcredits to women, they should be given access to all sectors of activity, including those preempted by men, by training them, equipping them and financing them adequately. Otherwise, we risk contributing to their social relegation."

Male dominance is also measured by the UN's Gender Inequality Index (GII), which ranks many sub-Saharan states at the bottom of the list. Out of 162 countries, Senegal ranks 130 th, Burkina Faso 147 th and Mali 158 th. This 2019 data does not incorporate the drops that followed the Covid-19 pandemic.

Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's highest mortality rate among women in childbirth.

Behind these figures lie shape-shifting forms of violence that sometimes accumulate, especially for the poorest women. These include early or forced marriages, marital and sexual violence and the appropriation of economic resources. Yet the most dangerous moment in women's lives is during childbirth. Even though significant progress has been made in maternal health in recent years, sub-Saharan Africa still has the world's highest mortality rate of women in childbirth, especially among teenagers.

97% of women undergo FGM In Guinea

Compounding this grim picture is the persistence of female genital mutilation (FGM), which is still practiced in appalling numbers. In Guinea, 97% of girls and women have undergone FGM, while nearly 90% of them have been in the east-central regions of Burkina Faso. In Senegal, a quarter of females over 15 have been mutilated. In Mali, one of three African countries that did not criminalize female genital mutilation (along with Sierra Leone and Liberia), this percentage rises to 73% among girls under age 14 and 89 % among those aged 15-49.

This practice is prohibited in some 50 countries, but African states that have signed international treaties against such violence are struggling to enforce their commitments, despite the adoption of stricter laws in recent years. In practice, political authorities are hampered by customary law, which often prevails over modern law, especially in rural areas. This superiority favors a culture of impunity, as in Guinea, where out-of-court settlements hinder the prosecution of sexual violence cases.

Faced with the institutions' ineffectiveness, new players committed to changing mentalities and protecting women's lives have emerged. Where public awareness campaigns fail to convince husbands or men to ban violence against women, religious leaders, traditional authorities and influential women appear like more legitimate intermediaries than NGOs, often perceived as being far removed from the population's reality.

In Togo, the "fiosron" speak to their husband's bosses to ask them to lecture abusive husbands. In Chad, where 60% of girls are married before age 18, "super banat" ("girls," in Arabic), young feminist activists, mediate with families.

In Senegal, imams are getting involved

In Senegal, a country where femicide is regularly in the news, some imams are also getting involved. During Friday preaching, they urge husbands not to abuse their wives. Since 1995, the Islam and Population Network has also brought together Muslim scholars who travel around the country using religious arguments to convince husbands, for example, of the importance of spacing pregnancies to protect the lives of mothers and of the legality of contraception.

However, these efforts are met with strong resistance in a country that has seen an ultraconservative push in recent years. "Most religious people make it difficult for us to raise awareness about child marriage and female circumcision. They accuse us of being toubabs and of wanting to destroy our traditions, and the people listen to them," lamented Fatimata Sy, the president of the Senegalese Organization for the Future of Women and Children operating in northern Senegal.

'Our grandmothers tell us that they have undergone FGM and that it is a good practice,' regrets Fatimata Sy

The political instrumentalization of the concept of "gender" is also hampering the work of mediators. "We no longer use this word in our campaigns and workshops because religious people associate it with the promotion of homosexuality. We talk about 'the fight against violence against women and girls,' otherwise, people don't listen to us or can become aggressive," explained Ms. Sy. As a sign of this pressure, the Senegalese ministry of women was renamed in September when a new government was appointed. "Gender" was removed from its title and the ministry is now tasked with issues related to "women, family and child protection."

These intermediaries face another major constraint: that of certain elders, whose support is often indispensable to putting a stop to some practices. Regarding FGM, for example, Ms. Sy noted, "Our grandmothers continue to tell us that they have undergone FGM and that it is a good practice. These beliefs are a hindrance to the struggle because they are often the ones who have their daughters and granddaughters mutilated."

Internalized gender stereotypes

They must also fight against women's internalization of sexist stereotypes. In Niger, for example, 60% of women surveyed in a ministry of population study said that "a man has the right to beat his wife when she refuses to have sex with him or when she argues with him." According to the same study, "more than three out of ten women (35%) agree with this behavior when the woman burns a meal."

As the echo of feminists' voices on the continent grows louder and louder, support for community intermediaries and mass schooling for girls appears crucial to stemming the silent epidemic of gender-based violence. "The lives of African women matter so little. This must stop," said Ms. Sy.

Article produced in partnership with the French Muskoka Fund.

Translation of an original article published in French on lemonde.fr; the publisher may only be liable for the French version.

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In Africa, the struggle for women's rights is at crisis point

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While African women are still subjected to many forms of abuse, members of communities, influential women and young activists are now leading the charge, but they fight an uphill battle.

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Women’s Rights in East Asia — U.S.-Asia Law Institute

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Undeniable Progress, Surprising Challenges The progress of women’s rights in East Asia, as elsewhere, has been marked by two steps forward and one step back. Constitutions and laws provide for legal equality in most respects but political, economic, and social hierarchies remain strikingly gendered. The global #MeToo movement has brought some victories, as in Taiwan where the legislature met in special session in August 2023 to amend laws that address sexual harassment in workplaces, schools, and other settings. Japan, famously a laggard among the richest economies for its gender gap, finally overhauled its sex crimes laws in June 2023 to raise the age of sexual consent from 13 to 16 and redefine rape as “non-consensual sexual intercourse.” Yet in South Korea, which led the region in 2012 by electing a woman head of state (albeit one who was also the daughter of a dictator), the presidency was narrowly won one decade later by an anti-#MeToo candidate who blamed the country’s low birthrate on feminism. In China, authorities rarely pursue sexual harassment claims in law but often censor them on social media.At the U.S.-Asia Law Institute, we wanted to better understand what was going on, including the role of international law and social contagion in both promoting women’s rights and sparking a backlash. Here are some of the fruits of our exploration: webinars, a conference, and published essays.

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Women & girls’ rights in Latin America & the Caribbean

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Explore key trends in women’s rights across Latin America and the Caribbean, including gender-based violence, child marriage, female genital mutilation, sex-discriminatory laws, and barriers to nationality rights. Learn about urgent reforms needed to achieve gender equality.

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Sometimes women are considered to be vulnerable or seen as weak and sensitive. Sure it may be true, but in my opinion, everyone has a soft pop, it doesn't matter how strong or weak they seem, so for women, they are braver than others, going through pregnancy, periods, gender equality, and much more.

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Nations with strong women's rights likely to have better population health and faster growth

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Nations with strong women's rights are more likely to have better health and faster growth than those who don't promote and protect these values.

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100 years of the ‘gender gap’ in American politics

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100 years of the ‘gender gap’ in American politics

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100 years of the ‘gender gap’ in American politics

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Clinton won women by 12 points and lost men by 12 – creating a 24-point ‘gender gap.’ While that’s the largest gender gap in history, the record shows that female voters were always different.

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A global history of women’s rights, in 3 minutes

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All women around the world have their menstrual cycle, yet millions still don't have the way to contain items they need for their periods, or neither water. This interrupts their lives, rights, and freedoms.

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Period Poverty – why millions of girls and women cannot afford their periods | UN Women – Headquarters

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Millions of women and girls worldwide still cannot afford menstrual products or access water and sanitation facilities to manage their menstrual health and hygiene. Periods make them miss school, work, and negatively impact their health, but it does not have to be that way. Explore this explainer to find out what needs to be done to ensure dignity for all women and girls.

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Four years after Taliban takeover, Afghans overwhelmingly back girls’ education | UN Women – Headquarters

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New UN Women report finds 92 per cent of Afghans support girls’ secondary schooling.

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Trump Administration is Harming Women with Over 100 Policy Mandates 

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Trump Administration is Harming Women with Over 100 Policy Mandates 

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When Presidents Limit Bureaucratic Power: Evidence from Abortion Bans in Foreign Aid | Perspectives on Politics | Cambridge Core

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When Presidents Limit Bureaucratic Power: Evidence from Abortion Bans in Foreign Aid - Volume 23 Issue 2

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AAUW empowers women and girls by championing their success in higher education and pushing for policy solutions to create lasting change

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The 11 biggest hurdles for women’s equality by 2030

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The 11 biggest hurdles for women’s equality by 2030

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With just 27 per cent of parliamentary seats, 36 per cent of local government seats, and 28 per cent of management positions held by women, there is a lack of diverse perspectives in decision-making processes, hindering comprehensive policy formulation.
2. Poverty and lack of economic opportunities
More than 340 million women and girls are projected to live in extreme poverty by 2030. This represents a staggering 8 per cent of the global female population surviving on less than USD 2.15 a day. Social protections, access to decent work, and other support systems are urgently needed to provide a path out of poverty.
3. Workplace discrimination and inequalities
Only 61 per cent of prime working-age women participate in the labour force, compared to 91 per cent of prime working-age men. This affects both economic growth and societal progress. In 2019, for each dollar men earned in labour income, women earned only 51 cents.
4. An imbalance in unpaid care work
On the current trajectory, the gap between the time spent by women and men on unpaid care will narrow slightly, but by 2050, women globally will still be spending 9.5 per cent more time (2.3 more hours per day) on unpaid care work than men. This persistent gap limits women's participation in education, employment, and other opportunities.
5. Social norms and cultural practices
Harmful practices such as child marriage and female genital mutilation persist. Globally, one in five young women is married before age 18. The prevalence of child marriage highlights the need for attitudinal shifts and the promotion of legal frameworks that safeguard women and girls' rights.
6. Inadequate access to education and health care
An estimated 110 million girls and young women may remain out of school by 2030. Stalled progress in reducing maternal mortality and expanding educational opportunities call for targeted interventions to meet the 2030 goals.
7. Food insecurity
Nearly 24 per cent of women and girls are expected to experience moderate to severe food insecurity by 2030. Empowering women in food and agricultural systems by enhancing access to land and resources is vital for ensuring food security and economic growth.
8. Violence against women and girls
Each year, 245 million women and girls experience physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner. Older women also face higher rates of poverty and violence than older men.
9. Inadequate funding for gender equality initiatives
Only 4 per cent of total bilateral aid is allocated to gender equality and women's empowerment. The additional investment needed for achieving gender equality by 2030 is estimated at USD 360 billion per year.
10. Legal barriers and poorly enforced legislation
At least 28 countries do not have laws granting women equal rights to enter marriage and initiate divorce, and 67 countries lack laws prohibiting direct and indirect discrimination against women. Where legislation does exist to promote gender equality, effective implementation remains a challenge.
11. Lack of access to clean energy and sanitation
An estimated 341 million women and girls are projected to lack electricity by 2030. Universal access could significantly reduce poverty and improve women's health.

With just seven years remaining to achieve the 2030 targets, concerted efforts and funding are more necessary than ever. Each step forward, no matter how incremental, brings us closer to a future where gender equality is not just a goal, but a reality.

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The 11 biggest hurdles for women's equality by 2030 | UN Women - Headquarters

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There are only seven years left for the world to fulfil the promises made to girls and women in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and a new report highlights the biggest challenges remaining for global gender equality.

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Challenges Women Face In The Workforce - Women’s Center of Greater Lansing

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As Equal Pay Day (for white women) has just passed, I thought it would be appropriate to discuss the current challenges that women in the workforce face. First, why is it important to look at the workforce in segments? The short answer is that people are multi-dimensional and they may be a part of many […]