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In Paloma Negra Jennie Rivera shows sounds of traditional Mexican music with a modern sound.

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Harmonic structures are vital to different genres of Latin American music. Harmony in Jennie Rivera's Paloma Negra depict the traditional Mexican musical themes within the sound.

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The interconnected themes of Latinidad, gender, sexuality, and self-expression come alive through music and performance, where rhythm and repetition anchor cultural identity. From Jenni Rivera's empowering ballads to the vibrant yet conflicted representations in The Three Caballeros, artists navigate celebration and critique of their identities. Through strategies like disidentification, they reclaim narratives, blending personal empowerment with broader cultural resistance, embodying the transformative power of music and art.

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Rhythm and repetition are central to many Latin music traditions, creating hypnotic patterns that drive the music's energy and connect listeners to cultural roots. Through repeated beats and melodic cycles, artists evoke themes of resilience and communal identity, reinforcing Latinidad's ties to history.

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"The sequence of musical notes that form the main tune or theme of a piece, often the most memorable part. It moves horizontally across time." - Melody helps move the listeners because it is the most impactful. Popular music usually has upbeat melodies but in expression of more difficult topics (ex, abuse, hurt), they are deeper and more intense.

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Unlike trans artists such as Linn da Quebrada, Shakira is celebrated in society due to her confidence and femininity. It's important to recognize the differences between their music and personas because what does that say about the patriarchy? Why are some latin women appreciated while others (that aren't as traditional), hated upon?

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Cepeda talks about how music serves as a cultural archive to almost be reminded of old cultural practices and maintain identity. For example salsa is a big part of both Puerto Rican and Afro-Carribean cultures.

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Importance of Identifying Dissonance in Society

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Importance of Identifying Dissonance in Society

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In Chapter 8 of "Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics," José Esteban Muñoz explores how queer artists of color use performance as a strategy to resist and reframe popular narratives (may be ignorant). Through "disidentification," they navigate and transform oppressive systems, creating spaces of empowerment that affirm their intersectional identities.

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Three Caballeros - Rhythms of Authenticity and Celebrating Latinidad

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Three Caballeros - Rhythms of Authenticity and Celebrating Latinidad

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The "Three Caballeros" portrays Latin America through colorful music and dance, emphasizing cross-cultural connections but often through a romanticized and oversimplified lens. The blend of authentic rhythms with Hollywood fantasy highlights the duality of promoting Latin identity while reinforcing exotic stereotypes, which highlights the tension of Latin identity.

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Jenni Rivera - Breaking Norms Through Music

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Jenni Rivera - Breaking Norms Through Music

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Jenni Rivera’s music and public persona exemplify sexual empowerment by openly addressing themes of heartbreak, resilience, and self-worth, particularly from a Latina woman’s perspective. Her song “Las Malandrinas” celebrates female independence and agency, challenging traditional gender norms within Latinx culture.

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Weakening the image of women by comparing them to dogs. Not allowing gender empowerment by expressing women in such a light.

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Demonstration of female confidence in sensuality, pleasure, and taking control over her life and showcasing her sexuality (In Latinx culture, talking about sexuality as a women can be looked down upon so this music video with La Lupe' vocals demonstrate taking that power back.

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The reclamation and unapologetic expression of one's sexual identity and freedom.

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Popular Music of Inclusivity spreads Anti-Hate Messages to Communities 

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Popular Music of Inclusivity spreads Anti-Hate Messages to Communities 

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Impact of popular music allows for people to be educated on current issues (ex. treatment of women in a patriarchal society)

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Branches: Women/Sexual Empowerment, Expression of Gender/Self, Dissonance and Fighting the Stigma, Culture, and Musical Elements

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Brings intense and romantic string instruments into a song that has serious lyrics to it.

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The song has a rhythmic beat. The music video has odd aspects like woman chained up next to dogs showing a prejudice/oppression against women.

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Tirana"- tyrant

The brass and percussion the back add to the intensity of the rhythm. The horns add to the dramatic tones. The rhythm highlights the raw emotion of her vocals. Her voice is very dramatic. The melody increases and the volume increases with her last line when she says "Look who won" which demonstrates her confidence in herself and bolsters her image as a powerful woman and even more so a "tyrant" in a positive conontation.

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The strings and percussion add to the dramatic tones emphasizing the tense sounds and extremely emotional lyrics. The background rhythm moves up and down with the tones of her voice. The lyrics reflect the passion in her voice as she sings about heartbreak and unrequited love. Her expression of heartbreak demonstrates how it is okay for women to vulnerable.

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Bad Bunny-Popular Icon in Breaking Gender Stereotypes

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Bad Bunny-Popular Icon in Breaking Gender Stereotypes

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Bad Bunny performs Yo Perro Sola by emphasizing that women are independent of men and the patriarchy and are able to go to clubs and dance alone without men. He also dresses as a woman within the music video demonstrating his security with his sexuality and masculinity and setting an example for breaking these rigid gender stereotypes in the Latinx community with his influence in the music community.

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Embodied Knowing Enriches Listening Experiences

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Embodied Knowing Enriches Listening Experiences

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It can enrich your music experience by making you excited or sad. You also can listen to certain music that makes you feel nostalgic.

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A way that I have felt embodied knowing is when I start my day I like to listen to songs that I like to put me in a good mood

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Some examples of embodied knowing is how music makes you feel such as dancing or singing or even excitement

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It begins with dramatic tones and orchestral sounds. The visuals are also drastic involving dire and sensual images. The music comes to a stop adding to the dramatic buildup. The lyrics are about being a woman and sends a powerful message about the double stereotypes regarding transgender women and how they're viewed in Latinx culture.

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Linn da Quebrada grew up in a very religious household with an inability to express herself, so she explores the contradictions (queer music and free vs heterosexual and restricted). She brings politics (afropolitics - interconnectedness of body and regulations) to her music in attempt to motivate people to occupy the "cracks" and fight back. The music immediately begins with intense and romantic string instruments. She uses the sound of her steps and bells to create the initial vibe of the music video. The candle she burns + wax on her body represents how society makes her use her body in a way (sexual) she doesn't want to. The person she is doing the act to enjoys it while all she's left with are the sharp pains of the hot wax burning her skin. She seems disappointed but then confidently expresses the stereotypes people have about transgender people/sex workers/ women. The video becomes more intense as the women come together and they're determined/angry. It criticizes the men and their hypocrisy with hating on transgender women but then using them (prostitutes) for their own sexual gain. Women will support other women but men in common Latin society will destroy female confidence.

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Shaping popular music, female icons shift the way people view feminine strength and power.

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Tex Mex Music: The music of the American borderlands

“I have carried  this embodied knowledge to engage new spaces of knowing that revealed different stories and narratives of music than those held together by dominant tropes, historical narratives, and archives”

Embodied experiences show a lack of ignorance to experience them, one must move away from the dominant forms of understanding (mainstream) and be open to different interpretations/cultures

Great embodiment can help us find a stronger connection to whatever subject it is bc then we personalize it and make it more important to yourself

Social realities are hard to comprehend and feel but fighting against the idealized structures (gender, race) helps one gain more knowledge and complexity

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a musical technique that uses two or more notes that clash to create a harsh or unpleasant sound

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Toto La Momposina- Uniqueness of Latinidad 

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Toto La Momposina- Uniqueness of Latinidad 

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Immediately, the artist's singing is vibrant and intensely clear. The percussion instruments and clapping combine in the background to create the entire vibe. The way the melody goes up and then immediately drops is really interesting because I don't hear choruses like this. She uses repetition and her amazing vocals to bring an emphasis on what she's trying to express. However, she initially seems disappointed but then her emotions change throughout the song. So, I don't know what I am supposed to experience. I really liked the angelic/choir voices of the background singers. All the mentioned components were necessary to make this song impactful.

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Lingering - Cultural Need to Linger for Full Comprehension

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Lingering - Cultural Need to Linger for Full Comprehension

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Joshua Javier Guzman and Christina Leon : Acting like people know Latina/os without engaging or embodying what it means to be a Latina/o shows ignorance and a lack of appreciation (even though intentions aren’t negative)

Latinidad helps bring the culture together (ex. Latin countries + Americas)

Qualities attribute to ethnicity: language, attire, food, interests (hobbies, customs), slang/dialects, music (but no unifying quality that makes a latinx, so all attributes must be understood together to help one know a Latino/α

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Toto La Momposina- El Pescador  as a Columbian Cultural Symbol

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Toto La Momposina- El Pescador  as a Columbian Cultural Symbol

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-Columbian artist

I inoticed the prominent percussion. The way she is dressed and the way she sounds is very Columbian coastal of her. The accompanists enhance her rhythm. She has a very repetitive rhythm and lyrics creating an extremely upbeat energy about the song. It feels almost as if she is telling a story. The instrumentals and the outfits and the whole energy of the song are extremely traditional as if she's expressing a tradition. The consistent repetition of the same lyrics tell me that it is very lyrically simple.Her voice also seems to carry heavy emotion.

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the percussion in the song is a very large part of it, it drives the song forward and the repetition of the hook and Corus are reliant on the beat of the song and percussion. Her voice sounds as if she is trying to get a point across. The background singers compliment her singing as well as the percussion.

She seems to be repeating the same words often. The Corus is a big part of this song.

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Importance of Dramatism in Selena's Music

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Importance of Dramatism in Selena's Music

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It begins with dramatic tones to almost lure the listeners in kind of creating suspense until she begins to sing. Her voice gets louder with her more powerful lyrics in “I Will Survive”. The background singers add dimension to the harmonies with the other instruments as well. Her transition into “Funkytown” was carried by the background beats specifically the synthesizer and the drums. Her dancing has energy as she enters “Last Dance” allow the song to be catchy adding to her lyrics talking about dancing which almost make you want to dance as well. The next song slows the beat down a little bit because its a bit more emotional of a song lyrics wise but it grows to the style of her previous songs but adding a bit a catchy tune to it.

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Surviving by Selena with Passionate/Dramatic Tones

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Surviving by Selena with Passionate/Dramatic Tones

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Her powerful voice added to the passionate lyrics shows a person overcoming hardship, ultimately creating a sense of togetherness between those listening/empathizing with her. She exudes confidence and acts an as inspiration to those who "gotta move on". Her funk and dance moves also add to the disco medley (the clapping adds to the melody) because it makes everyone else want to DANCE too!! She expresses herself without any limitations, something very hard for women of color back in the day.

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Repetition helps target what's important in the lyrics. The shape of the melodies induce specific emotions. For example, a disco medley by Selena has multiple components to it such as her voice, the percussions, and cheering of the audience. Somehow, the environment of the concert increases the energy of the song itself. (gritos)