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Definition: An abrasion is a superficial wound caused by friction, where the outer layer of skin is scraped off.

Initial Care:
- Clean the wound with mild soap and water
- Remove any dirt or debris
- Apply an antibiotic ointment
- Cover with a sterile bandage

Post Care:
- Keep the wound clean and dry
- Change the bandage daily
- Monitor for signs of infection

Referral: Usually not needed unless it's a large or deep abrasion

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Definition: A laceration is a deep cut or tear in the skin, often caused by sharp objects.

Initial Care:
- Apply direct pressure to stop bleeding
- Clean the wound with sterile saline solution
- Close small cuts with butterfly bandages

Post Care:
- Keep the wound clean and dry
- Change dressing as directed
- Watch for signs of infection

Referral: Deep lacerations may require professional medical attention for sutures

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Definition: A puncture is a small hole in the skin caused by a sharp, pointed object.

Initial Care:
- Let the wound bleed briefly to flush out bacteria
- Clean thoroughly with soap and water
- Apply an antibiotic ointment

Post Care:
- Keep the area clean and dry
- Monitor for signs of infection
- Ensure tetanus shot is up to date

Referral: Seek medical attention for deep punctures or if the object is still embedded

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Definition: An avulsion is a severe wound where skin and tissue are torn away from the body.

Initial Care:
- Apply direct pressure to control bleeding
- If possible, clean the torn flap and place it back over the wound
- Cover with a clean, moist dressing

Post Care:
- Keep the wound moist and covered
- Follow medical professional's instructions closely

Referral: Immediate medical attention is required. Surgical repair is often necessary

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Definition: A burn is damage to skin tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation.

Initial Care:
- Cool the burn with cool (not cold) running water for 10-20 minutes
- Cover with a clean, dry dressing
- Do not apply ice or butter

Post Care:
- Keep the burn clean and dry
- Apply prescribed ointments if any
- Protect from sun exposure

Referral: Seek immediate medical attention for large or deep burns, or burns on sensitive areas

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When caring for any type of wound, always follow these universal precautions:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly before and after treating a wound
2. Wear disposable gloves
3. Use sterile tools and dressings
4. Properly dispose of contaminated materials
5. Clean and disinfect any surfaces that come into contact with blood or other bodily fluids
6. If you have any open wounds yourself, cover them before treating someone else's wound

Remember, these precautions protect both you and the person you're treating from potential infections.

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It's crucial to monitor wounds for signs of infection. Look out for these symptoms:

1. Increased pain or tenderness around the wound
2. Redness or swelling that extends beyond the wound edges
3. Warmth in the area surrounding the wound
4. Pus or cloudy fluid draining from the wound
5. Foul odor coming from the wound
6. Fever or chills
7. Red streaks extending from the wound

If you notice any of these signs, seek medical attention immediately. Prompt treatment of infected wounds is essential to prevent more serious complications.