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Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as president Nov 22, 1963

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Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as president Nov 22, 1963

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Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in while still aboard the Air Force One. The responsibility of dealing with Vietnam is placed on his shoulders.

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On August 2, 1964, US navy ships were attacked by North Vietnamese torpedoes in the Gulf of Tonkin. In retaliation, Lyndon Johnson sent air strikes on North Vietnamese naval bases. Johnson then requested Congressional permission to take action to deal with future threats against US forces in Southeast Asia. This proposal was called the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

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President Johnson is elected president in the 1964 election

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President Johnson is elected president in the 1964 election

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Lyndon B. Johnson had the largest popular vote since the 1820 election. Johnson ran against Senator Goldwater from Arizona. Compared to his opponent's nuclear extremism, Lyndon B. Johnson was the favorable candidate. Johnson had also campaigned on the promise of the "Great Society". He took major reforms to fight poverty in America.

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Operation Rolling Thunder was a US mission to destroy North Vietnamese military, industrial, and infrastructure targets. The bombs severely damaged a large percent of the North Vietnamese resources, however their war effort was not significantly impacted. In response to the bombing, the North Vietnamese sent more supplies through the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos and Cambodia, constructed alternate routes for transportation, and received increasingly more supplies from China and the Soviet Union. Several tens of thousands of Vietnamese were killed in the operation, the majority being civilians.

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US Troops in Vietnam reaches 500,000 1966

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US Troops in Vietnam reaches 500,000 1966

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With this many troops, the struggle in Vietnam goes from a minor conflict to a major conflict, and is recognized on television news.

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Since 1962, the US military had fortified a base near the village Khe Sanh. The village was 14 miles south of the demilitarized zone and 6 miles from the Laotian border. Khe Sanh's proximity to the Laotian border allowed the People's Army of North Vietnam to build their strength in that area.
The North Vietnamese attacked with a heavy artillery bombardment which lasted 77 days. The Battle of Khe Sanh distracted the US and South Vietnamese, causing them to be ignorant toward the signs of Communist buildup in urban areas of South Vietnam.

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Tet is a Vietnamese New Year celebration, where a ceasefire traditionally took place. However, the North Vietnamese take advantage of this and launched a large offensive on provincial capitals, district towns, and US military bases with the goal of sparking a nationalist uprising in South Vietnam and ending the war.

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The city of Hue used to be the imperial capital of Vietnam, having sentimental and nationalistic value. The Battle of Hue was a part of the Tet Offensive, in which the North Vietnamese troops launched an assault and successfully fortified the city. A small number ARVN and US troops were left isolated in the city, and resorted to ferocious house-to-house fighting. This tactic ravaged the urban landscape and left over 100,000 people homeless by the end of the battle. Reinforcements for the US and South Vietnamese arrive, and the battle goes on for a month. During the battle, the Viet Cong arrest and execute around 3,000 civilians.

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The village of Mai Lai was in the Quang Ngai province, where the stronghold of the Viet Cong was believed to be. Therefore, the Quang Ngai province (along with Mai Lai) was a frequent target of US bombing operations. The village of Mai Lai was falsely reported to be full of Viet Cong and Viet Cong sympathizers. The peaceful village had no Viet Cong soldiers, yet the people were murdered and raped, and the village was burnt to the ground. This event significantly sparked anti-war sentiment in the US, and tarnished the international reputation of the US.

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The responsibility of the war is handed to yet another President, showing how the Vietnam War was something the US could not deal with properly.

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Saigon was the stronghold for the South Vietnamese and US. Conquering that city would mean victory for the North Vietnamese Communists; and it did. Fighting in an area called Phuoc Long occurred north of Saigon, and the US didn't care enough to do something about it. From then on, the North Vietnamese defeated the South Vietnamese in several villages up until the siege of Saigon. By April 27, the North Vietnamese had completely encircled Saigon. They launched their assault on April 30, and were met with little resistance. North Vietnamese tanks crashed through the Presidential Palace, and the war ended.