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On 1 January 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement, better known as NAFTA, entered into force. This agreement positioned Mexico as a key trading partner for the United States and Canada, consolidating our country as an export platform to world markets

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-Stimulate commercial expansion and diversification

-Effective elimination of non-tariff barriers
used goods, petroleum, and proliferators

-Progressive elimination of tariffs

-Requirement for a certificate of origin, completed and signed by the exporter or producer of the good

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-Create a space free of restrictions, prevailing free flow of goods

-Substantially increase investment opportunities

-Gradual reduction, being free of tariffs on the whole universe of products, from 10 July 2004

-Tariff elimination applied to goods produced entirely in the region

-Creation of a committee of the automotive sector
Establishment of an agricultural trade committee composed of representatives

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-Creation of a Free Trade Area by promoting regional and continental integration

-Protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights

-Protection of investors and their investments in intellectual property; loans, redevelopment, and transfer of resources, under the principles of national treatment, most-favored-nation treatment

-The establishment of a higher body called the Administrative Commission

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-Guidelines for further cooperation at the bilateral, regional, and multilateral levels, expanding and improving the benefits of the treaty

-Effective procedures for the implementation and enforcement of the treaty, its joint administration, and dispute resolution

-Confirmation of rights and obligations under the WTO agreement on technical barriers to trade

-Exchange of all services except government, air, and financial

-Establishment of principles of non-discrimination between suppliers nationals and foreigners

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-National treatment, most-favoured-nation treatment and best-of-breed treatment

-Non-discriminatory access and use and conditions no less favorable than those granted to any other user of public telecommunications networks or services and private networks for internal communication of their companies

-Seeking agreement on the interpretation and application of the treaty through cooperation and consultation between the parties

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-Attracting inputs and technology for the Mexican company

-Increase opportunities and strategic alliances for the Mexican company

-Reiteration of international commitments and establishment of the mutual investment promotion agreement

-Establishment of a consultation and dispute settlement mechanism with clear and expeditious procedures (the first time that the European Union incorporates this discipline in a trade agreement)

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2001 El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras

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2001 El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras

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-Free Trade Area that will allow progress in strengthening integration between Mexico and Central America

-Guidelines for further cooperation between the parties aimed at expanding and enhancing the benefits of the Free Trade Agreement

-Protection and legal security for investors and their
investment and a dispute settlement mechanism

-Granting treatment no less favorable than that accorded to their nationals or to a third country

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-Remove barriers to trade and facilitate the cross-border movement of goods and services between the territories of the Parties

-Promote conditions of fair competition in the free trade area

-Increase investment opportunities in the territories of the Parties

-Create effective procedures for the implementation and enforcement of this Treaty, for its joint administration, and for the settlement of disputes

-Establish guidelines for further bilateral and multilateral cooperation aimed at expanding and enhancing the benefits of this Treaty

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This Agreement entered into force on 1 July 2001 and
places Mexico as the only Latin American country with free trade access to countries with the highest per capita income in the world
-Attract inputs and technology for the Mexican company

-Create more jobs

-Promote foreign direct investment

-Increase opportunities and strategic alliances for the Mexican company

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-Reaffirm the special bonds of friendship and cooperation among their nations

-Strengthen regional economic integration, which is one of the essential instruments for the countries of Latin America to advance in their economic and social development, ensuring a better quality of life for people

-Develop their respective rights and obligations under the agreements of the World Trade Organization

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The FTA covers all disciplines of a free trade agreement: trade and investment liberalization; market access; investment protection; dispute settlement mechanism; customs procedures; rules of origin, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, cross-border trade in services, financial services, mobility of persons for business purposes, public sector procurement, competition, improvement of the business environment and bilateral cooperation

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-Trade in goods: tariffs, rules of origin, customs procedures, mutual recognition of designations of origin, safeguards, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, and unfair practices

-Trade in services: cross-border, financial, temporary entry of persons, and mutual recognition of school certificates

-Investment: includes investor guarantees and access to an international arbitration mechanism

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The FTA with Central America has allowed increasing and facilitating trade in the region. In 2016, trade with Central America accounted for 21% of Mexico’s trade with Latin America and the Caribbean. In addition, almost a quarter of Mexico’s exports and 17% of Mexico’s imports in the region come from Central America

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Mexico Panama FTA seeks to deepen Mexico’s economic integration with Central America, consolidate legal security in international transactions with Panama and open new markets for Mexican exports

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-Creating a more level playing field for American workers, including improved rules of origin for automobiles, trucks, and other products, and disciplines on currency manipulation

- Benefiting American farmers, ranchers, and agribusinesses by modernizing and strengthening the food and agriculture trade in North America

-Supporting a 21st Century economy through new protections for U.S. intellectual property, and ensuring opportunities for trade in U.S. services

-New chapters covering Digital Trade, Anticorruption, and Good Regulatory Practices, as well as a chapter devoted to ensuring that Small and Medium Sized Enterprises benefit from the Agreement

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Arámbula, Alma. SPE-ISS-05-08 Tratados Comerciales de México. 2008.

“SICE: Acuerdos Comerciales: Tratado de Libre Comercio Entre MeXico E Israel.” Oas.org, 2023, www.sice.oas.org/trade/meis_s/text_s.asp#Art%C3%ADculo%201-03. Accessed 21 April 2023.

Secretaría de Economía. “Relación Comercial Entre Japón Y México.” Gob.mx, 2023, www.gob.mx/se/acciones-y-programas/relacion-comercial-entre-japon-y-mexico?state=published. Accessed  21 April 2023.

“PDM México - 5.2 Acuerdo de Integración Perú – México.” Mincetur.gob.pe, 2016, www.mincetur.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/documentos/comercio_exterior/plan_exportador/Penx_2025/PDM/mexico/05_02.html. Accessed 21 April 2023.

“United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement.” United States Trade Representative, 2020, ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement. Accessed 10 May 2023.