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Definition Formative vs Summative Assessments

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Definition Formative vs Summative Assessments

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"In a nutshell, formative assessments are quizzes and tests that evaluate how someone is learning material throughout a course. Summative assessments are quizzes and tests that evaluate how much someone has learned throughout a course."

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Whether you're an administrator, supervisor, or teacher, you've heard of formative assessments and summative assessments. They're both essential parts of any curriculum map. But what do these terms actually mean?

In a nutshell, formative assessments are quizzes and tests that evaluate how someone is learning material throughout a course.

Summative assessments are quizzes and tests that evaluate how much someone has learned throughout a course.

In the classroom, that means formative assessments take place during a course, while summative assessments are the final evaluations at the course's end.

That's the simple answer, but there's actually a lot more that makes formative and summative assessments different. To fully understand formative vs. summative assessments, you'll need to understand the details of these two important forms of assessment.

In this article, we'll take a closer look at formative and summative quizzing and assessing. When you've finished reading, you'll understand how to better test student knowledge in your classroom.

Video: Formative vs. Summative Assessments

What Are Formative Assessments?
Formative assessments are evaluations of someone's learning progress in a classroom.
Common formative assessments include:

Quizzes

Games

Projects

Presentations

Group activities

Formative assessments work great when they're used on a regular basis. That regularity could be based on a calendar (every Monday, every Thursday, etc.) or your lesson plans (every unit).

They're also more flexible than summative assessments. You don't always have to use pencil and paper to get a feel for your students' progress. Instead, you can use in-class games, group presentations, and hands-on activities to evaluate student progress.

Ultimately, the formative assessments you use are up to you. After all, no one knows your classes better than you. So if you'd prefer to get an overview of how well your students are learning, you can use a group-style assessment like a game. If you want to know where each student struggles, you can use an individual assessment like a quiz.

This flexibility is perfect for keeping students engaged in your class. It lets you stick to a syllabus while mixing up the exact task each student has to perform. That way, you don't fall into a predictable routine of teach-test-teach-test. Instead, you have a varied routine of teach-game-quiz-teach-presentation-project or another interesting format.

By the time your course ends, you'll have a full understanding of how students are learning as you teach a subject. Then, you can keep all of your grades to look for patterns among different class sections.

Is there an area where students seem to do worse than others? Could you adjust a lesson and shoot for better results?

Naturally, you'll never get a class that's straight A's from top to bottom. But you can still design your classroom assessments to work for as many students as possible!

Top 3 Formative Assessment Examples

Formative assessments are excellent opportunities to let your students flex their creative muscles.

Even if a student isn't much of a writer or artist, they can still have a little fun with these assessments.

1. Make an ad

Have your students create an advertisement for a concept they just learned. Use visuals and text to really sell an idea.

This makes students apply what they've learned into a creative exercise, which helps with long-term retention.

2. Idea comparisons

Instruct students to lay out the main ideas of a new concept they learned. Then, have them compare that concept to another to see where they agree and disagree.

In addition to helping students remember these concepts, this exercise makes them apply previous knowledge to a new format so they can remember it better in the future.

3. Misconceptions

After you introduce a concept to students, introduce a popular misconception about it. Have students discuss why the misconception is false and where it may have started.

This exercise makes students think critically about what they've just learned while showing them how to debunk misinformation.

How Do You Track Formative Assessments?

You can track formative assessments in one of three ways.

First, you can track them by grade. This gives you a specific, concentrated view of how a student (or group of students) learns. However, graded assessments are sources of stress for many students. So if you want to make a unit fun or loose, graded assessments may not work well for you.

Second, you can track them by feel. This is more based on your teacher instinct, allowing you to pick which students need additional support based on your observation. On the downside, you can't "show" this information to your administrators. If you have certain standards to meet throughout a marking period, you won't be able to prove you've fulfilled those standards without grades.

Finally, you can track formative assessments with student data. This is non-graded information that may reflect how your students are learning, such as questions they've frequently answered incorrectly or subject areas where they've had trouble. After all, not everything has to be a grade!

With all of that said and done, let's jump into summative assessments.

What Are Summative Assessments?
Summative assessments are evaluations of what someone has learned throughout a course.
Common summative assessments include:

Tests

Final exams

Reports

Papers

End-of-class projects

Summative assessments almost always take place at the end of a course unless a teacher decides to break a course into more manageable chunks. They're often cumulative, and they're used to evaluate a student's long-term information retention.

In summative assessments like final exams, you can include questions from the first week or two of a course to ensure students retained introductory information. In other assessments like papers, your students can pull from a full marking period of learning to apply to a topic.

Either way, your students have to do some serious reflecting and critical thinking to bring together the information from an entire course.

This is a great way to ensure students retain essential information from one course to another. So if you teach introductory courses, summative assessments are perfect to set students up for success in their next classes.

That's important because a student's success in your classroom is just one step for them. When you prepare them for the next step, you make it easier for them to succeed in the future as well.

In that way, summative assessments serve two purposes:

First, they evaluate what someone learned while they've been in your class.

Second, they evaluate how prepared someone is to go to the next academic level.

Combined with the rest of a student's performance in class, summative quizzing and assessments are excellent ways to gauge progress while ensuring long-term information retention.

Top 3 Summative Assessment Examples

Summative assessments are traditionally more structured and standardized than formative assessments.

Still, you have a few options to shake things up that go beyond a pen-and-paper test.

1. In-depth reports

Instruct students to choose a topic that resonated with them in class and report in-depth on it. This is a great opportunity for students to take an idea and run with it under your supervision.

These reports often showcase a student's interest, and you'll be able to evaluate a student's engagement level in the class by how they approach the report.

The goal is a passionate, intelligent, and comprehensive examination of a concept that matters to a student.

2. Cumulative, individual projects

Have your students pick a project to complete. This project should somehow reflect what they've learned throughout the course.

Projects are great for any practical application class from health science to physics. Creating a cross-section of the human heart, designing a diet, or creating a protective egg-drop vessel are all fun ways students can show off their knowledge of a topic.

3. Personal evaluation papers

Require students to apply principles from your class to their personal lives. These papers are excellent fits for psychology, nutrition, finance, business, and other theory-based classes.

In a nutshell, personal evaluations let students look at themselves through a different lens while exploring the nuances of the principles they learned in class. Plus, it lets students do something everyone loves - talk about themselves!

Now that you have a few ideas on summative assessments, how can you track their success?

How Do You Track Summative Assessments?

While everyone has their own ideas on this topic, grades are the best way to evaluate someone's success with a summative assessment.

How you grade is ultimately up to you. Presentations are great ways to grade someone based on a number of factors, including soft skills like public speaking. Written exams or project-based assessments are ideal to see a student's full-scope understand of your class after a marking period.

Whatever you choose, stick to a consistent grading scale so you can identify your own strengths and weaknesses in the classroom as students complete your course.

What's More Important: Formative or Summative Assessments?

Many new teachers have this question - are formative or summative assessments more important?

In a perfect world, they're equally important. Formative assessments let students show that they're learning, and summative assessments let them show what they've learned.

But American public education values summative assessments over formative assessments. Standardized tests - like the SATs - are great examples of high-value summative assessments.

It's rare to find the same emphasis on formative quizzing and assessments. That's because formative assessments act like milestones while summative assessments show the bottom line.

We encourage teachers to look at these assessments as two sides of the same coin. Formative and summative assessments work together flawlessly when implemented properly.

With all of that in mind, you only have one question left to answer. How are you going to add these assessments to your curriculum?

Use Formative and Summative Assessments and Meet Your Challenges

As a teacher, you'll likely need to employ both summative and formative assessments in your curriculum. An effective balance of these assessments will help you understand your students' needs while meeting your standards.

However, CTE teachers face challenges in the classroom each day that sometimes get in the way of connecting with students and preparing them for these assessments.

If you want to feel less overwhelmed and spend more time helping your students succeed, download your free guide. You'll learn about five of the most significant challenges teachers face and how you can overcome them.

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Formative vs. Summative Assessments: What's the Difference?

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Looking to evaluate your students' progress in the classroom? Learn how formative and summative assessments and quizzing work together to help students succeed.

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Formative Assessments: Why, When & Top 5 Examples

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Formative vs. Summative vs. Diagnostic Assessment

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Diagnostic Assessment: Examples & Overview

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Quality control is of utmost importance in every industry and sphere of life. Assessments are a useful way of maintaining quality. In the education field, the assessment process utilizes empirical data on student learning to make the learning process more effective and enhance student development. Assessment is the process of collecting useful and relevant data and information from various sources to develop insights into students' understanding, knowledge, and takeaways from the educational experience.

Here's a look at the stages in an assessment cycle:

Recognizing goals or results at the department, division, or program level.

Executing strategies to achieve the goals or results.

Using appropriate methods and evaluating the extent of their success in achieving the goals or results.

Leveraging results to enhance strategies.

The different types of assessment play a vital role in helping a teacher assess a student's performance and shape their teaching strategies accordingly.

In general, the purpose of classroom assessments is one of these three:

Assessment 'as' Learning: Assessment as learning is centered more toward actively involving students in the process of learning. These assignments teach students crucial problem-solving and critical thinking skills.

Assessment 'of' Learning: This is a way to evaluate students' learning and whether they align with the grade standards or the curriculum. These assessments are generally grade-based and include portfolios, exams, final projects, and standardized tests.

Assessment 'for' Learning: Assessment for learning helps teachers map students' learning by providing them a clear snapshot of their students' understanding and learning as they teach. Consequently, these improve their teaching tactics and classroom management strategies.

There are various types of assessments available to assess progress and skill levels for this purpose. These are:

Diagnostic Assessment: The purpose of diagnostic assessment is to gauge students' knowledge, skills, strength, and weaknesses beforehand.

Formative Assessment: This is used to collect information on students' understanding throughout the learning process to help teachers adjust their strategies accordingly.

Summative Assessment: This is used to measure students' knowledge after a subject has been taught.

Ipsative Assessment: It is used to track students' performance by comparing their current scores with their past scores.

Norm-referenced Assessment: It is used to compare and rank a group of students.

Criterion-referenced Assessment: It is used to compare a student's score to a set learning standard or performance level.

This blog will first explain the diagnostic assessment's meaning , list the types of diagnostic assessment , along with relevant diagnostic assessment examples . Then it will illustrate the importance of diagnostic assessment in education . We will also cover the advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic assessment in education .

Diagnostic Assessment in Education

The purpose of diagnostic assessments is to help identify problems with a certain instruction style and provide insights into improvement that can be done in the quality of delivery. Diagnostic assessments in education help educators understand their students' strengths, weaknesses, knowledge level, and skillset prior to beginning instruction. Diagnostic assessment examples include pre-assessment tests that give you a snapshot of or diagnose knowledge to screen students.

For instance, if a teacher wants to start a lesson on two-digit multiplication with young pupils, they can use diagnostic assessment to make sure the lesson is delivered well. They will want to understand if the students have grasped fact families, number place values, and one-digit multiplication before moving on to more complicated questions.

Diagnostic assessments collect data on what the students already know about a specific subject or topic.

Quick Examples of Diagnostic Assessment in Different Fields

These diagnostic assessment examples will make the diagnostic assessment meaning clearer. The following are ways in which instructors from different fields use various types of diagnostic assessment tools:

Introductory physics: A set of conceptual questions is used to assess understanding of physics fundamentals at the start of the course.

Psychology: The instructor conducts a survey to understand students' assumptions about concepts such as the nature of mind versus the nature of behavior.

Course with group work: The instructor rolls out a self-assessment, where group members rate themselves on certain parameters. Specific examples of their previous group work are collected to understand each individual's mindset.

Creative or fine arts: The instructor collects portfolios to judge the artistic abilities of fine arts students.

Here are some more types of diagnostic assessments that can be used for assessing students:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Diagnostic Assessment in Education

There are various advantages of different types of diagnostic assessment in education that help achieve the purpose of diagnostic assessment , which is to improve quality. These are:

They provide insights to educators to create customized instructions.

They are usually informal and easy to use.

They don't require high-level training and don't have standardized protocols to follow.

Teachers can further refine or change their methods at any time. For instance, a teacher can start with easier diagnostic assessment examples like MCQs and then move on to journals or audits.

Such assessments show quick results once you're used to them.

Instructors can easily share their learnings with their peers.

The drawbacks of diagnostic assessment could be:

They don't take into consideration anything that needs to be done post the delivery of a lesson.

The importance of diagnostic assessment s also diminishes in large groups.

A teacher may develop inaccurate assumptions about the student's knowledge of a subject and overlook that particular topic during the unit.

Students new to this kit can become anxious.

Generally, for this assessment to be administered correctly and executed reliably, special training may be required. Plus, this whole process is quite time-consuming.

Upgrade Your Teaching Quality

The purpose of diagnostic assessment , as elaborated above, is to aid teachers improve their instruction methods and help students learn better. Gain skills that enhance your worth as an instructor with Harappa's Inspiring Faculty Program. Our online courses are tailored to give you the best takeaways for your personal and professional development.

Explore Harappa Diaries to learn more about topics such as Meaning of Project-Based Learning, Different Types Of Assessment in Education, Formative Assessment Vs Summative Assessment and Tips for Employee Coaching that will help organizations tap into employee potential.

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Diagnostic Assessment: Meaning, Examples, and Types

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Diagnostic assessment is the process of collecting useful and relevant data and information from various sources about students' learning experiences. Know about diagnostic assessment from Harappa to improve your instruction methods and help students learn better.

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Diagnostic Assessment in Education: Purpose, Strategies, Examples

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Use this guide to learn more about diagnostic assessments, their features and how to conduct one with Formplus.

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What is Assessment for Learning vs. Assessment of Learning?

Assessments have become integral to today's teaching, learning, and data-driven decision-making efforts. Within the world of assessments, there are two paramount ideologies at work: assessments for learning and assessments of learning.

Both forms of assessments serve a distinct and powerful purpose, and it's important to understand how they play off one another and ultimately enhance instruction, intervention, and student achievement.

Assessments of Learning

Assessments of learning are typically administered at the end of a unit or grading period and evaluate a student's understanding by comparing his or her achievement against a class-, district-, or nationwide benchmark or standard,¹ as noted by the Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation at Carnegie Mellon University.

Benchmark assessments are examples of assessments of learning, where students are assessed three times per year for universal screening (early identification).

Assessments for Learning

Assessments for learning - also described as assessments as learning - assess a student's comprehension and understanding of a skill or lesson during the learning and teaching process.

According to the Eberly Center at Carnegie Mellon, this provides educators with ongoing feedback and allows them to:

Identify at-risk students early

Adjust instruction accordingly and immediately

Monitor student progress¹

Frequent progress monitoring is an example of assessments for learning, where a student's academic performance is regularly assessed between benchmarks to determine if the current instruction and intervention is positively impacting student achievement or if adjustments need to be implemented.

Can a teaching strategy utilize both assessments for and assessments of learning?

Certainly. Assessments for and of learning both have a place within instructional and intervention plans. When the two are balanced and administered properly, a comprehensive assessment strategy develops that details:

How a student is progressing with key foundational skills and measures

Where a student's achievement level is compared to state standards and end-of-year targets

Catherine Garrison and Michael Ehringhaus, PhD, authors of Formative and Summative Assessments in the Classroom, point out that the more information we can gather about students as they engage and advance in the learning process, the more equipped educators are with vital insight and data to adjust instruction and intervention plans. This will help every student continue to move forward in their education. ²

How Data-Driven Assessments Fuel Student Success
"If assessment is to be a positive force in education, it must be implemented properly. It cannot be used to merely sort students or to criticize education. Its goals must be to improve education. Rather than 'teach to the test,' we must 'test what we teach.'"
-Lockwood and McLean, authors of Why We Assess Students -- And How: The Competing Measures of Student Performance ³

When discussing how assessments for learning and assessments of learning help you and your team of educators evaluate the impact of teaching and learning, it's beneficial to ask yourselves if you're administering the right assessments and measures via the right technology.

This crucial question can help you understand if you're truly fueling your instructional decisions and promoting student progress with effective, reliable, easy-to-understand data.

A data-driven assessment process will fuel student success by empowering all educators to:

Identify students with specific needs early

Adjust instruction and set appropriate goals to close their learning gaps

Track the effectiveness of their intervention and instruction

Monitor student progress

Report responsiveness to intervention

Predict performance on key indicators

You can drive improved learning outcomes for your students and help them make significant gains by establishing a seamless assessment for and of process.
Discover an all-in-one web-based benchmarking and progress monitoring assessment system that allows you to screen all of your students with short, accurate assessments that:

Evaluate a student's understanding by comparing his or her achievement against a class-, district- or nation-wide benchmark or standard, and

Assess a student's comprehension and understanding of a skill or lesson during the learning and teaching process.

Resources:

¹ Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation at Carnegie Mellon University. "What is the difference between formative and summative assessment?" Accessed May 3, 2017.
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/assessment/basics/formative-summative.html.

² Ehringhaus, Michael Ph. D., Garrison, Catherine. NYC Department of Education. "Formative and Summative Assessments in the Classroom." Accessed May 4, 2017.

³ Lockwood, Robert E., McLean, James E. "Why We Assess Students -- And How: The Competing Measures of Student Performance." Accessed May 4, 2017.
https://books.google.com/books/about/Why_We_Assess_Students_And_How.html?id=WFGdAAAAMAAJ.

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Assessment FOR Learning vs. Assessment OF Learning

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Assessment FOR Learning vs. Assessment OF Learning

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Assessments "of"  learning are typically administered at the end of a unit or grading period and evaluate a student’s understanding by comparing his or her achievement against a class-, district-, or nationwide benchmark or standard.

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Assessments "of"  learning are typically administered at the end of a unit or grading period and evaluate a student’s understanding by comparing his or her achievement against a class-, district-, or nationwide benchmark or standard.

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Every single school has plenty of testing. From simple quizzes to the end of the year testing even kids in elementary school are going to face lots of tests so it is best to know what the test is so that you can prepare. So I went and found every standardized test that students across the United State will likely take, along with a few other popular tests as well.
Each state has different requirements that the students must meet, so nearly every state has its version of a standardized test, although a few states share the same test. There are also 5 other major tests that school like to give to test yearly progress and performance.
Below I will talk briefly about what each of the tests is like and give a list of the standardized test each state takes so that you can research and prepare for your next test.

Common Core Standard Testing

This is the most basic version of any yearly test. Each state has its version of the Common Core Standard Test, and typically this is the test that schools give at the end of the year. While the test has remained similar for many years, recently, there has begun to be a big push for this test to also focus on foreign language, economics, arts, and physical education rather than just mathematics and reading.

These tests are some of the most important tests because the results are usually used to act as a teacher evaluation, educational policy, and will even influence the amount of funding that the school will receive. So because of this, schools take the Common Core Testing very seriously. ( source)

Terra Nova

Terra Nova is a series of tests made by McGraw-Hill, a large publishing company known for making most school textbooks. These tests are used to test reading, language arts, math, science, social studies, vocabulary, spelling, and several other topics. This test is very common in California, and also acts as the common Core test in Alaska.

Stanford Achievements Test

The Stanford Achievement Test, also called the SAT 10, is another standardized test that was created by a major education book publishing company. This test was created by Pearson, a British publishing company, and it tests students in reading comprehension, mathematics, problem-solving, language, spelling, listening comprehension, science, and social science.

However, due to the No Child Left Behind act, most states began to create their version of the Common Core Test so the Stanford Achievement Test is becoming less and less common. This test is also known to be one of the more difficult tests that elementary students will have to take. ( source)

California Achievement Test

This test is most common in Christian schools and also for homeschoolers as it contains more traditional values and also takes a short to administer to students. This is because there are not as many tests included in the CAT, and it is also considered to be one of the easier tests to take. Another reason that this test is popular with homeschoolers is that the administrator doesn't need a degree to administrate it.

The test is also very easy to get ahold of in order to practice or to even give it to a student. Typically it can be found for around $25 on a variety of websites.

Iowa Standardized Testing

The Iowa Standardized Test has become one of the best and highest-ranked tests throughout the United States over the past few years. It is considered to be one of the best tests because it finds a good medium between the difficulty of the Stanford Achievement Test and the ease of the California Achievement Test.

The Iowa Standardized Testing will often begin being given in schools around the 2nd grade and will continue to be given through high school. Typically the Test will be administered in about 2 hours and 30 minutes, however, for higher grades, it can take up to an hour. As with most other standardized tests, the IST focuses on reading, language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies.

Individual State Tests

The individual tests that each state gives typically are the ones given at the end of the year, however, each school can have different tests. Also, schools can give more than one of the tests throughout the year so it is smart to be doing light studies on these tests throughout the school year and summer.

Alabama

Alabama Reading and Mathematics Test

Arizona

Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards

Arkansas

Arkansas' Augmented Benchmark Exam

California

Standardized Testing and Reporting

Colorado

Colorado Student Assessment Program

Connecticut

Connecticut Mastery Test, Connecticut Academic Performance Test

Deleware

Delaware Student Testing Program

Florida

Florida Comprehensive Program

Georgia

Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests

Hawaii

Hawaii State Assessment

Idaho

Idaho State Achievement Tests

Illinois

Illinois Standards Achievement Test

Indiana

Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress

Iowa

Iowa Test of Basic Skills, Iowa Tests of Educational Development

Kansas

Kansas State Assessment

Kentucky

Kentucky Core Content Tests

Louisiana

LEAP Alternative Assessment

Maine

New England Common Assessment Program, Maine Educational Assessment Maine High School Assessment

Maryland

Maryland School Assessment

Massachusetts

Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System

Michigan

Michigan Educational Assessment Program

Minnesota

Minnesota Comprehensive Assessments Series II

Mississippi

Mississippi Curriculum Test Subject Area Testing Program

Missouri

Missouri Assessment Program

Montana

Montana Comprehensive Assessment System

Nebraksa

Nebraska State Accountability Assessments

Nevada

Nevada Proficiency Examination Program

New Hampshire

New England Common Assessment Program

New Jersey

Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers

New Mexico

New Mexico Statewide Articulated Assessment Program

New York

New York State Testing Program

North Caronlina

North Carolina Standardized Test

North Dakota

North Dakota's State Assessment

Ohio

Ohio Achievement Test

Oklahoma

Oklahoma Core Curriculum Tests

Oregon

Oregon Statewide Assessment System

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania System of School Assessment

Rhode Island

New England Common Assessment Program

South Carolina

South Carolina Statewide Assessment Program

South Dakota

Dakota State Test of Educational Progress

Tennessee

Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program

Texas

State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness

Utah

Utah Performance Assessment System for Students

Vermont

New England Common Assessment Program

Virginia

Virginia Standards of Learning

Washington

Washington Comprehensive Assessment Program

West Virginia

West Virginia Educational Standards Test

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Knowledge and Concept Evaluation

Wyoming

Proficiency Assessments for Wyoming Students

List was compiled by looking at Departments of Education from the states

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List of Standardized Tests That Elementary Students Take - Trekker School

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Every single school has plenty of testing. From simple quizzes to the end of the year testing even kids in elementary school are going to face lots of tests so it is best to know what the test is so that you can prepare. So I went and found every standardized test that students across...

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Techniques to evaluate progress and ensure success

Project work challenges students to think beyond the boundaries of the classroom, helping them develop the skills, behaviors, and confidence necessary for success in the 21st-century. Designing learning environments that help students question, analyze, evaluate, and extrapolate their plans, conclusions, and ideas, leading them to higher-order thinking, requires feedback and evaluation that goes beyond a letter or number grade. The term "authentic assessment" is used to describe assessment that evaluates content knowledge as well as additional skills like creativity, collaboration, problem-solving, and innovation.

Authentic assessment documents the learning that occurs during the project-building process and considers the real-world skills of collaboration, problem solving, decision making, and communication. Since project work requires students to apply knowledge and skills throughout the project-building process, you will have many opportunities to assess work quality, understanding, and participation from the moment students begin working.

For example, your evaluation can include tangible documents like the project vision, storyboard, and rough draft, verbal behaviors such as participation in group discussions and sharing of resources and ideas, and non-verbal cognitive tasks such as risk taking and evaluation of information. You can also capture snapshots of learning throughout the process by having students complete a project journal, a self-assessment, or by making a discussion of the process one component of the final presentation.

Developing Assessment

As you design the project, it is helpful to begin with the end in mind. What performances do you want to see? Then, determine exactly how students will demonstrate each performance as they build a product or solve a problem to complete the task.

Most of our assessment focuses on content mastery. Techniques we are all familiar with include the evaluation of the final product and having students complete quizzes or tests. Other benchmarks for content mastery you can use include the number of citations a student references, amount and quality of research, use of experts, validity and effectiveness of arguments, meeting the topic, and answering the essential question.

Completing complex authentic projects that require collaboration, creativity, problem-solving, and innovation helps prepare students for increasingly complex life and work environments. Effective communication in the 21st-century requires that students can effectively express themselves in writing, verbally, and visually. Be sure to assess the quality of writing, including ideas, vocabulary, fluency, organization, and conventions, as well as the use of media and overall design. Since a project is a collaborative effort that occurs over time, include evaluation components that consider teamwork, organization, planning, and behavior.

Questions for Students
Content Knowledge

What new content did you learn while working on this project?

Did you know more or less than you expected?

What surprised you?

What else would you like to know about the topic?

Collaboration & Teamwork

How did your work and actions contribute to your team's success?

What was the hardest part of about working in a team?

What was the best part?

Technology & Communication

What new skills did you learn?

What else do you want to learn how to do?

Creating Rubrics

Because many performances cannot easily be quantified, you want to be as specific about your expectations as possible. Creating a rubric for the final product and various components of project work can ensure a more accurate, specific, and useful assessment.

A rubric is an authentic assessment tool that:

Provides clear expectations for a project.

Examines the product as well as the entire project-building process.

Enumerates the performances on which students will be evaluated.

Explains what constitutes excellence during the project process.

Helps students understand what they need to do to excel.

Helps remove subjectivity and bias from the evaluation process.

Sharing and clarifying the performances that will be assessed during a project removes mystery from the evaluation process, helping students focus on specific actions they can take to improve their performance.

Involving Students in Assessment

Involving students in project assessment boosts motivation, improves meta-cognition, and promotes self-directed learning. Students who are asked to reflect on their own performance learn to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses and are able to pinpoint where to focus their efforts to see the greatest results.

You might have students provide feedback and critiques by asking them to keep a project journal or work log, evaluate themselves using the project rubric, and answer additional self-assessment questions. An open-ended self-assessment allows students to share learning that occurred during the process that was not included in the rubric. As they reflect and evaluate, students should describe their learning and contemplate decisions they have made individually and as a team.

You may also want to have students complete a peer evaluation for components of the project, such as the project presentation. Students can also evaluate the writing, design, and effective communication during the creation and presentation of the final product. Combining your assessment of the process and the end product with student reflections and evaluations will help you create a more accurate assessment of student performance.

Audience Assessment

Authentic project work should reflect the questions, problems, and needs of the world beyond the classroom. If the work is something that has real value, make sure there is a wider audience for the final product presentation. Having students create web pages to display their ideas and findings enables their products to easily reach a wider audience. If the project deliverable involves an oral presentation, invite peers, family, or community members to attend.

You may also want to invite subject matter experts in the area of project work to participate in the final product's assessment. Developing public-service announcements? Invite employees from a local advertising agency. Designing a new school? One of your classroom parents may just be an architect.

Creative Educator can help bring PBL to your school or district. Find out more

If students know that other people will be relying on and judging the information and ideas they propose, their motivation to work hard and take risks increases. If you involve the audience in the assessment process, be sure to provide a rubric or other guide to ensure the feedback they provide is pertinent to project goals.

Conclusion

The complexity of student projects makes assessment that captures both the final product and the learning that occurs along the way an intricate and sometimes difficult task. Summative assessment can be an effective component of an overall assessment strategy. Authentic assessment can be used during the project-building process. Rubrics, ideally developed with the help of the students, can help to evaluate how successfully students address specific goals and performances. Self-reflection gives students a means to determine what they think they have learned and how well they have learned it. Crafting assessment strategies that combine all of these methods helps us gain a much better understanding of the learning that takes place during the entire process.

Popular Topics

What can your students create?

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Project work challenges students to think beyond the boundaries of the classroom, helping them develop the skills, behaviors, and confidence necessary for success in the 21st-century. Designing learning environments that help students question, analyze, evaluate, and extrapolate their plans, conclusions, and ideas, leading them to higher-order thinking, requires feedback and evaluation that goes beyond a letter or number grade.

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Assessments "for" learning assess a student’s comprehension and understanding of a skill or lesson during the learning and teaching process.

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Assessments "for" learning assess a student’s comprehension and understanding of a skill or lesson during the learning and teaching process.

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6 Types of Assessment (and How to Use Them)

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In this article, we clearly explain six types of assessment that teachers use, and how to use them in engaging and effective ways with your students.

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Performance based learning and assessment is describe in detail for educators looking to incorporate theses strategies into their school and classroom. Performance based assessments are somewhat different from authentic assessments. Nevertheless, performance based learning is a way of learning that all students deserve to experience throughout their education. Various examples of performance-based assessments and performance based learning are given throughout the video. These examples are just of few examples of many different types that teachers can utilize in their classroom. These types of assessment are great because the performance aspects require students to use higher order thinking skills and a greater degree of cognitive rigor. This particular assessment video is part of a larger assessment playlist. The assessment playlist is there for educators to learn from and try in their classroom. (Teachings In Education, 2017)

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Sample of Performance Assessment Worksheet

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Sample of Performance Assessment Worksheet

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Begin with the end in mind - let them know from the first lesson what the end goal is, maybe giving examples of what previous classes have come up with.

Be open and honest about how the class will be graded - keep talking about the end project, to keep it fresh in your children's minds. This will help them to begin thinking about their possible ideas, and will make sure they're not in for a surprise by the end of it.

Give children a copy of the rubric - this will help them to see how they can perform well, and will maintain that open channel of communication.

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Features of Reading Aloud and Performance Genre Checklist

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A handy checklist for the key features of a successful oral performance.To find out about choral reading, take a look at the wiki guide we've put together on the topic!

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Example of Performance Assessment: Teaching kids presentation skills

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Example of Performance Assessment: Teaching kids presentation skills

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A key feature of a performance-based assessment is that it requires children to produce an end result - this could be a report, a performance or an experiment. This is then scored against a set of criteria.

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Top Tips for Teaching Presentation Skills to Kids | Twinkl

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Time-bound

Open-ended

Authentic

Process/product-orientated

Complex

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"Performance assessments require students to show what they know, rather than select answers from predetermined options on a multiple-choice test" (Learning Policy Institute, 2020).

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What is a Performance Assessment? (Definition and Tips Included)

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What is a Performance Assessment? (Definition and Tips Included)

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Indeed Editorial Team. (2023). What Is a Performance Assessment? (Definition and Tips Included). Indeed.com. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/performance-assessment#:~:text=A%20performance%20assessment%20involves%20applying,the%20effectiveness%20of%20lesson%20plans.

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Using Performance Assessments to Support Student Learning

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Using Performance Assessments to Support Student Learning

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Using Performance Assessments to Support Student Learning. (2020, October 13). Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/cpac-performance-assessments-support-student-learning-brief#:~:text=Performance%20Assessment%3A%20An%20approach%20to,project%2C%20or%20performing%20an%20activity

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Summative Assessment: Overview & Examples

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Assessment "as" learning actively involves students in the learning process. It teaches critical thinking skills, problem-solving and encourages students to set achievable goals for themselves and objectively measure their progress.

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Assessment "as" learning actively involves students in the learning process. It teaches critical thinking skills, problem-solving and encourages students to set achievable goals for themselves and objectively measure their progress.

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Why do we need Formative & Summative Assessments?

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Why do we need Formative & Summative Assessments?

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Formative assessment is ongoing and serves as a benchmark of progress towards learning objectives. Commonly known as ‘assessment for learning,’

Summative assessment is used as ‘assessment of learning,’ where it is usually performed in a more formal way to outline the extent of students' knowledge.

Both formative and summative assessments are used simultaneously in educational setting.

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13 Formative Assessments That Inspire Creativity

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13 Formative Assessments That Inspire Creativity

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These are examples of process assessments that can often be made brief, have no grades, and can serve as an indicator of how the entire class is performing.

Research has indicated three things about formative assessment:
1. Formative assessment leads to better student performance and is more cost-effective than other means of improving academic performance, such as reducing class sizes or increasing teacher expertise.
2. Formative assessment within and between instructional units (medium-cycle assessment) and as well as within and between lessons (short-cycle assessment) have been shown to improve student performance. Formative assessment over assessment periods, quarters, semesters, or years has not been shown to improve student performance.
3. In classrooms that used medium- and short-term formative assessment, teachers reported greater job satisfaction and improved student engagement with learning.

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It's always better to know if a student is struggling before a big test is in the rearview mirror. But students often lack the self-awareness to monitor their own learning, and may struggle to work up the courage to ask for help. Others may overestimate their mastery of important ideas and concepts, tricking their brains into thinking they're prepared for a test when they're not.

So when it comes to student learning, how can you tell what's sticking-and where additional instruction or review could make a difference?

Formative assessments are typically short, gradeless ways to evaluate what students know while they're still in the process of learning it. When used early and often, they can shine a light on individual student progress, serve as general indicators of how the class is doing as a whole, and inform subsequent instruction. This process of actively checking in with students on their journey toward mastery is "especially effective when students are given tactical feedback, immediately followed by time to practice the skill," says Todd Finley, a tenured professor of English education at East Carolina University.

Quick checks for understanding aren't new, of course, but when time allows, occasionally injecting an element of creativity into formative assessments can deliver unexpected benefits. For example-regardless of a student's artistic talent-research suggests that drawing the information they're learning can increase student recall by nearly double. And when kids are encouraged to tap into their imagination to show what they know, they tend to ask more innovative questions of themselves, brainstorm fresh solutions to problems, and synthesize material in original and surprising ways.

Here are 13 formative assessment strategies that lean into creativity-inspired by the work of several Edutopia contributors, and from Finley's handy list of quick checks for understanding.

Simple Symbols: Sketchnoting-simple, hand-drawn renderings of things like facts, dates, or abstract concepts-can be a great way to help students process vocabulary. Educator Wendi Pillars has her students co-create a symbolic language library, working together to visually represent important terms from a unit. After choosing 10 terms, students develop an icon or character to correspond with each one. For example, a drawing of a sun can represent energy or a tree can represent life.

Write a Letter: On a sheet of paper or an index card, ask students to explain a new concept they've learned in the form of a short letter to a friend or family member, pretending the other person is new to the information. This process of explanation can open students' eyes to what they know and what they don't, explains Woo-Kyoung Ahn, a psychology professor at Yale University who uses a similar strategy with college students before exams.

Tweet Like a Historian: Challenge students to enter the minds of popular historical figures, tweeting about major events in the figure's life as that person would have, suggests former educator Matthew Lynch. To get a firm grasp on how well students understand their chosen figure, ask who their figure might be following on social media, as well as topics that would be "trending" on their feed at the time. Educator Jill Fletcher prefers to use a paper template so that students can engage in the exercise without going online.

Playful Pamphlets: An effective brochure is easy and engaging to read, and offers eye-catching design. Ask students to create their own brochures that describe the key features of a concept, or to explain a historical event or scientific discovery. This can be done using paper and art materials, or digitally using applications like Canva or Google Slides.

Do It Yourself TED Talks: Most students are familiar with TED Talks, this strategy provides them with the opportunity to give their own. Educator Katy Farber describes them as "one person's short presentation of an idea worth spreading." After showing an example that students can model, ask them to find an idea worthy of spreading from the day's lesson and create their own speeches to present the information. Those who feel comfortable can share with the class.

Comic Creators: Using digital creation tools like Canva, kids can create their own comic strips to connect new material and information from past units. The comics shouldn't be a "regurgitation of knowledge," explains Andrew Miller, director of teaching and learning at the Singapore American School. Instead, they should have an authentic purpose, making it a fulfilling exercise where students create products that are informative and useful to peers. After a lesson on nutrition, for example, students could make comics that explain the major nutrients-as well as the role they play in how bodies function-that could be displayed in hallways for classmates to learn from.

Build-a-Billboard: Have small groups work together to create an advertisement, with visuals and text, to highlight a newly learned concept like Manifest Destiny or the scientific method. Students in San Francisco Unified School District health classrooms learn about tools advertisers use to convince people to buy their products, then create their own billboards. "If you were going to make an ad for your favorite fruit or vegetable, what techniques would you use?" asks health ed content specialist Christopher Pepper.

Sing It Out: Asking students to sing or rap about a lesson can be a fun change of pace-and rack up a few giggles. First, students identify the main concept of a lesson and list related keywords. In a rap about the order of operations, for example, educator Alex Kajitani lists "operations, order, parenthesis, exponent, multiply, divide, add, and subtract." Using the website RhymeZone.com helps identify what words rhyme with each key term, then students can begin writing their rap, song, or even spoken word poem.

Illustrate Connections: "A student who draws as they learn considers the following: How should I represent the relationship between these parts? How large/small should I draw these parts? What shape should they be? Where do I place each part?," explains instructional leader Shveta Miller. Invite students to draw a picture that illustrates a relationship between terms from the lesson or recreates a scene from their reading. Providing reflection questions like "How well did I recall the material after having represented it in my drawings?" or "When would drawing as I learn be useful? When is it not useful?" can be a useful add-on to the exercise.

60 Minutes: Students pair up and pretend they're a guest expert on the television program 60 Minutes or their local news broadcast. During their segment, they'll need to answer a few of their partner's interview-style questions-"What is the purpose of feudalism in a society?," for example.

Laughable Lists: At the end of a lesson or once students have finished assigned reading, ask them to enumerate what they think are the top ten most important takeaways. The twist? Students will have to try to infuse humor into their list of observations. Sharing a few examples before they begin can help students who might struggle with the exercise at first.

Cut and Paste: Encourage students-on their own, in pairs, or in groups-to make either digital or paper collages to demonstrate their understanding of the lesson's major themes and concepts: anything from matter and energy, to fractions and decimals. If time allows, have a few kids present their collages to the rest of the class and explain their thinking.

3-2-1 Action!: Choose a selection of excerpts from a recently read text-like a poem, play, or a short story-for students to dramatically interpret and perform. Without the use of props, costuming, or sets, students must not only have read the text but understood it enough to convey an insightful character analysis, as well as the mood and tone of the scene. These 5-minute performances can be recorded and submitted to the teacher to review, or shared in class for peers to see.

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13 Formative Assessments That Inspire Creativity

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Sometimes mixing in formative assessments that go a step beyond exit slips and low-stakes quizzes can inject some fun-and creativity-into learning.

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Summary of “assessment for, as, and of learning”.

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Tips for Student-Centered Formative Assessment

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Tips for Student-Centered Formative Assessment

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Suggested tech tools:
1. Kahoot!
2. Formative
3. Quizlet

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Summative assessment examples: 9 ways to make test time fun

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Summative assessment examples: 9 ways to make test time fun

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Summative assessments are not always fun for teachers and students, but they can motivate students to learn and pay attention to the lesson. The downside of summative assessment is that it usually reflects teachers' performance so that many teachers are often accused using the 'teaching to the test' method. For this reason, summative assessment is not always the most accurate reflection of learning.

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Jordan Nisbet

All Posts

When gauging student learning, two approaches likely come to mind: a According to a Summative assessment comes in If anyone knows how much the learning process is a constant work in progress, it's you! This is why formative assessment is so helpful - it won't always guarantee students understand concepts, but it Summative assessment, on the other hand, simply evaluates what they've learned. In her book, Summative assessments are used to evaluate and grade students' overall understanding of what you've taught. Think The former focuses on the The latter emphasizes the In other words, Are you a school or district admin who wants to learn more about Prodigy?A The University of London's Evidence for Policy and Practice conducted a 19-study In his In May 2017, the College Board released a It's one thing to memorize multiplication tables (which is a good skill), but another to apply those skills in Summative assessments - excluding, for example, multiple choice tests - help you see which students can retain Let's say your class just wrote a However, in an article for Using a tool such as Individually or in groups, specific students can be in charge of each end-of-chapter or -unit podcast. If your students have a cumulative test towards the end of the year or term, the podcast can even function as a study tool You can use online tools such as This creative summative assessment is similar to Now more than ever, students are growing up saturated with smartphones, tablets, and video games. That's why educators should show students how to use More and more educators are bringing digital tools into the learning process. Pew Research Center surveyed 2,462 teachers and Take In the book formative or summative assessment. Fortunately, feeling pressure to choose one or the other isn't necessary. These two types of learning assessment actually serve different and necessary purposes. In this article, we'll be exploring:

Definitions: What's the difference between formative and summative assessment?
Formative assessment occurs regularly throughout a unit, chapter, or term to help track not only how student learning is improving, but how your teaching can, too. Take one-minute papers, for example. Giving your students a solo writing task about today's lesson can help you see how well students understand new content. WestEd article, teachers love using various formative assessments because they help meet students' individual learning needs and foster an environment for ongoing feedback. Catching these struggles or learning gaps immediately is better than finding out during a summative assessment. Such an assessment could include:

In-lesson polls

Partner quizzes

Self-evaluations

Ed-tech games

One-minute papers

Visuals (e.g., diagrams, charts or maps) to demonstrate learning

Exit tickets

So, what is a summative assessment?
It occurs at the end of a unit, chapter, or term and is most commonly associated with final projects, standardized tests, or district benchmarks. Typically heavily weighted and graded, it evaluates what a student has learned and how much they understand. Examples of summative assessment include:

End-of-unit or -chapter tests

Final projects or portfolios

Achievement tests

Standardized tests

Teachers and administrators use the final result to assess student progress, and to evaluate schools and districts. For teachers, this could mean changing how you teach a certain unit or chapter. For administrators, this data could help clarify which programs (if any) require tweaking or removal.
Formative vs summative assessment
While we just defined the two, there are five key differences between formative and summative assessment requiring a more in-depth explanation.

Formative assessment

Summative assessment

Occurs throughout a chapter or unit

Occurs at the end of a chapter or unit

Improves how students learn

Evaluates what students learn

Covers small content areas

Covers complete content areas

Monitors how students are learning

Assigns a grade to students' understanding

Focuses on the process of student learning

Emphasizes the product of student learning

During vs after
Teachers use formative assessment at many points during a unit or chapter to help guide student learning.
Improving vs evaluating

Little vs large
Let's say chapter one in the math textbook has three subchapters (i.e., 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3). A teacher conducting formative assessments will assign mini tasks or assignments throughout each individual content area. Whereas, if you'd like an idea of how your class understood the complete chapter, you'd give them a test covering a large content area including all three parts.
Monitoring vs grading
after completing a content area to gauge student understanding. Formative assessment is extremely effective as a means to monitor individual students' learning styles. It helps catch problems early, giving you more time to address and adapt to different problem areas. will improve how they learn.
src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#reportcard #funny #memes #comics #samecooke #schooldays #music #classic #letsgo #gooutmore #showlove pic.twitter.com/qQ2jen1Z8k - Goldstar (@goldstar)January 20, 2019
Balanced Assessment: From Formative to Summative, renowned educator Kay Burke writes, "The only feedback comes in the form of a letter grade, percentage grade, pass/fail grade, or label such as 'exceeds standards' or 'needs improvement.'"
Process vs product
"It's not about the destination; it's about the journey"? This age-old saying sums up formative and summative assessments fairly accurately. Now that you've got a more thorough understanding of these evaluations, let's dive into the love-hate relationship teachers like yourself may have with summative assessments.

Gauge student preparation for standardized testing

Inform teacher instruction to drive student achievement

Pinpoint students' working grade levels and their levels on key strands

Fill out the form below to book demo with one of our education experts -- at zero cost! report card comments: did students achieve the learning goal(s) you set for them or not?
Perceived disadvantages of summative assessment
The pros are plenty. However, before getting to that list, let's outline some of its perceived cons. Summative assessment may:
1) Offer minimal room for creativity
Rigid and strict assignments or tests can lead to a regurgitation of information. Some students may be able to rewrite facts from one page to another, but others need to understand the "why" before giving an answer. process of student learning. You'll use it to identify areas of strength and weakness among your students - and to make necessary changes to accommodate their learning needs.
2) Not accurately reflect learning
product of student learning. To discover the product's "value", you can ask yourself questions, such as: At the end of an instructional unit, did the student's grade exceed the class standard, or pass according to a district's benchmark? "Teaching to the test" refers to educators who dedicate more time teaching lessons that will be emphasized on district-specific tests. formative methods are an assessment for learning whereas summative ones are an assessment of learning. A significant 60% said it either "dictates most of" or "substantially affects" their teaching. While this can result in higher scores, curriculum distortion can prevent students from learning other foundational subject areas. School leaders can use Prodigy to:
3) Ignore (and miss) timely learning needs
Because summative assessment occurs at the end of units or terms, teachers can fail to identify and remedy students' knowledge gaps or misconceptions as they arise. Unfortunately, by this point, there's often little or no time to rectify a student's mark, which can affect them in subsequent units or grades.
4) Result in a lack of motivation
Contrary to popular belief, researchers found a correlation between students who scored poorly on national curriculum tests and experienced lower self-esteem, and an unwillingness to put more effort into future test prep. Beforehand, interestingly, "there was no correlation between self-esteem and achievement."

Repeated practice tests reinforce the low self-image of the lower-achieving students... When test scores are a source or pride and the community, pressure is brought to bear on the school for high scores.

Similarly, parents bring pressure on their children when the result has consequences for attendance at high social status schools. For many students, this increases their anxiety, even though they recognize their parents as being supportive.

5) Be inauthentic
Summative assessment has received criticism for its perceived inaccuracy in providing a full and balanced measure of student learning. Consider this, for example: Your student, who's a hands-on, auditory learner, has a math test today. It comes in a traditional paper format as well as a computer program format, which reads the questions aloud for students. Chances are the student will opt for the latter test format. What's more, this student's test results will likely be higher and more accurate. The reality is that curricula - let alone standardized tests - typically don't allow for this kind of accommodation. This is the exact reason educators and advocates such as Chuck Hitchcock, Anne Meyer, David Rose, and Richard Jackson believe: survey conducted by Harvard's Carnegie-Knight Task Force on the Future of Journalism asked teachers whether or not "preparing students to pass mandated standardized tests" affects their teaching.

Curriculum matters and 'fixing' the one-size-fits-all, inflexible curriculum will occupy both special and general educators well into the future... Students with diverse learning needs are not 'the problem'; barriers in the curriculum itself are the root of the difficulty.

6) Be biased
Depending on a school district's demographic, summative assessment - including standardized tests - can present biases if a group of students is unfairly graded based on their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or social class.

This doesn't necessarily mean that if minority students are outperformed on a summative test by majority students that the test is biased against that minority. It may instead indicate that the minority students have not been provided with the appropriate instruction...

An example of content bias against girls would be one in which students are asked to compare the weights of several objects, including a football. Since girls are less likely to have handled a football, they might find the item more difficult than boys, even though they have mastered the concept measured by the item.

Importance and benefits of summative assessment
Overall, these are valid points raised against summative assessment. However, it does offer fantastic benefits for teachers and students alike! Summative assessment can: systematic review of the impact summative assessment and tests have on students' motivation for learning.
1) Motivate students to study and pay closer attention
Although we mentioned lack of motivation above, this isn't true for every student. In fact, you've probably encountered numerous students for whom summative assessments are an incredible source of motivation to put more effort into their studies.

Data shows studying for the SAT for 20 hours on free Official SAT Practice on Khan Academy is associated with an average score gain of 115 points, nearly double the average score gain compared to students who don't use Khan Academy. Out of nearly 250,000 test-takers studied, more than 16,000 gained 200 points or more between the PSAT/NMSQT and SAT...

In addition to the 115-point average score increase associated with 20 hours of practice, shorter practice periods also correlate with meaningful score gains. For example, 6 to 8 hours of practice on Official SAT Practice is associated with an average 90-point increase.

2) Allow students to apply what they've learned

3) Help identify gaps in student learning
Before moving on to a new unit, it's vital to make sure students are keeping up. Naturally, some will be ahead while others will lag behind. In either case, giving them a summative assessment will provide you with a general overview of where your class stands as a whole.
4) Help identify possible teaching gaps
In addition to identifying student learning gaps, summative assessment can help target where your teaching style or lesson plans may have missed the mark. Have you ever been grading tests before, to your horror, realizing almost none of your students hit the benchmark you hoped for? When this happens, the low grades are not necessarily related to study time. For example, you may need to consider:

Incorporating more visual components

Including/excluding word problems

Innovative summative assessments (we list some below!)

5) Give teachers valuable insights
Summative assessments can highlight what worked and what didn't throughout the school year. Once you pinpoint how, where and what lessons need tweaking, making informed adjustments for next year becomes easier. In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes... and, for teachers, new students year after year. So although old students may miss out on changes you've made to your lessons, new ones get to reap the benefits. This not only improves your skills as an educator, but will ensure a more enriching educational experience for generations of students to come. presentation at Kansas State University, emeritus professor in the UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, Dr. W. James Popham, explained summative assessment bias:
6) Contribute positively to learning outcomes
Certain summative assessments also provide valuable data at district, national, and global levels. Depending on average test scores, this can determine whether or not certain schools receive funding, programs stay or go, curriculum changes occur, and more. Burke writes:

Summative assessments also provide the public and policymakers with a sense of the results of their investment in education and give educators a forum for proving whether instruction works - or does not work.

The seven aims of summative assessment
Dr. Nancy P. Gallavan, a professor of teacher education at the University of Central Arkansas, believes teachers can use performance-based summative assessments at any grade level.

1. Accompanied with appropriate time and task management

2. Achievable as in-class activities and out-of-class assignments

3. Active involvement in planning, preparation, and performance

4. Applicable to academic standards and expectations

5. Appropriate to your students' learning styles, needs, and interests

6. Attractive to your students on an individual and group level

7. Authentic to curricular content and context

Keeping these goals in mind, here's a list of innovative ways to conduct summative assessments in your classroom!
Summative assessment examples: 9 ways to make test time fun
statement about whether coaching truly boosts test scores: If you want to switch things up this summative assessment season, keep reading. While you can't change what's on standardized tests, you can create activities to ensure your students are exhibiting and applying their understanding and skills to end-of-chapter or -unit assessments. In a refreshing way. Why not give them the opportunity to express their understanding in ways that apply to different learning styles? math word problems or real-world examples.
1) One, two, three... action!
and apply what they've learned. Write a script and create a short play, movie, or song about a concept or strategy of your choosing. This video from Science Rap Academy is a great - and advanced - example of students who created a song about how blue-eyed children can come from two brown-eyed parents:
2) TXT MSG
test on multiplication and division. If all students scored high on multiplication but one quarter of students scored low on division, you'll know to focus more on teaching division to those students moving forward. Students could create a back-and-forth conversation between two historical figures about a world event, or two friends helping each other with complex math concepts.
3) Podcast
Have your students create a five to 10-minute podcast episode about core concepts from each unit. This is an exciting option because it can become an ongoing project.
4) Infographic
Creating a detailed infographic for a final project is an effective way for students to reinforce what they've learned. They can cover definitions, key facts, statistics, research, how-to info, graphics, etc. You can even put up the most impressive infographics in your classroom. Over time, you'll have have an arsenal of in-depth, visually-appealing infographics students can use when studying for chapter or unit tests.
5) Compare and contrast
Venn diagrams are an old - yet effective - tool perfect for visualizing just about anything! Whether you teach history or social studies, English or math, or something in between, Venn diagrams can help certain learners visualize the relationship between different things. For example, they can compare book characters, locations around the world, scientific concepts, and more just like the examples below:
6) Living museum
Five students will set up around the classroom while the teacher walks from exhibit to exhibit. Upon reaching the first student, the teacher will push an imaginary button, bringing the exhibit "to life." The student will do a two to three-minute presentation; afterwards, the teacher will move on to the next one.
7) Ed-Tech games
Some of the findings were quite eye-opening:

80% report using the internet at least weekly to help them create lesson plans

84% report using the internet at least weekly to find content that will engage students

69% say the internet has a "major impact on their ability to share ideas with other teachers

80% report getting email alerts or updates at least weekly that allow them to follow developments in their field

92% say the internet has a "major impact" on their ability to access content, resources, and materials for their teaching

67% say the internet has a "major impact" on their ability to interact with parents and 57% say it has had such an impact on enabling their interaction with students

8) Shark Tank/Dragon's Den
Yes, just like the reality TV show! You can show an episode or two to your class or get them to watch the show at home. Next, have students pitch a product or invention that can help change the world outside of school for the better. This innovative summative assessment is one that'll definitely require some more thought and creativity. But it's important that, as educators, we help students realize they can have a huge positive impact on the world in which they live. Corwin, she suggests crafting yours with seven aims in mind:
9) Free choice
If a student chooses to come up with their own summative assessment, you'll need to vet it first. It'll likely take some collaboration to arrive at something sufficient. However, giving students the freedom to explore content areas that interest them most could surprise you. Sometimes, it's during those projects they form a newfound passion and are wildly successful in completing the task. We're sure there are countless other innovative summative assessment ideas out there, but we hope this list gets your creative juices flowing. With the exclusion of standardized state and national tests, one of the greatest misconceptions about summative assessments is that they're all about paper and pencil. Our hope in creating this list was to help you see how fun and engaging summative assessments can truly be.
Summative assessment strategies for keeping tests clear and fair
In addition to using the summative assessment examples above to accommodate your students' learning styles, these tips and strategies should also help:

Use a rubric - Rubrics help set a standard for how your class should perform on a test or assignment. They outline test length, how in-depth it will be, and what you require of them to achieve the highest possible grades.

Design clear, effective questions - When designing tests, do your best to use language, phrases, and examples similar to those used during lessons. This'll help keep your tests aligned with the material you've covered.

Try blind grading - Most teachers prefer knowing whose tests they're grading. But if you want to provide wholly unbiased grades and feedback, try blind grading. You can request your students write their names on the bottom of the last test page or the back.

Assess comprehensiveness - Make sure the broad, overarching connections you're hoping students can make are reasonable and fluid. For example, if the test covers measurement, geometry and spatial sense, you should avoid including questions about patterning and algebra.

Create a final test after, not before, teaching the lessons - Don't put the horse before the carriage. Plans can change and student learning can demand different emphases from year to year. If you have a test outline, perfect! But expect to embrace and make some changes from time to time.

Make it real-world relevant - How many times have you heard students ask, "When am I going to use this in real life?" Far too often students assume math, for example, is irrelevant to their lives and write it off as a subject they don't need. When crafting test questions, use culturally-relevant word problems to illustrate a subject's true relevance.

Enter the Balanced Assessment Model
Note: As a general guideline, students should incorporate recognition and recall, logic and reasoning, as well as skills and application that cover major concepts and practices (including content areas you emphasized in your lessons).

Throughout your teaching career, you'll spend a lot of time with formative and summative assessments. While some teachers emphasize one over the other, it's vital to recognize the extent to which they're interconnected. If you use both effectively, they inform one another and "assessment becomes more than just an index of school success. It also serves as the cause of that success." In fact, Stiggins argues teachers should view these two types of assessment as "in sync."

They can even be the exact same thing - only the purpose and the timing of the assessment determine its label. Formative assessments provide the training wheels that allow students to practice and gain confidence while riding their bikes around the enclosed school parking lot.

Once the training wheels come off, the students face their summative assessment as they ride off into the sunset on only two wheels, prepared to navigate the twists and turns of the road to arrive safely at their final destination.

iPhone Fake Text Generator, have students craft a mock text message conversation conveying a complex concept from the unit, or each chapter of that unit.
Conclusion: Going beyond the test
Implementing these innovative summative assessment examples should engage your students in new and exciting ways. What's more, they'll have the opportunity to express and apply what they've learned in creative ways that solidify student learning. So, what do you think - are you ready to try out these summative assessment ideas?
Prodigy is a free game-based learning platform that's loved by school leaders across 90,000 schools.
Fill out the form below to book a zero-cost, 30-minute demo with one of our friendly experts to learn more! they created together. Record MP3 Online or Vocaroo to get your class started! one, two, three... action! Individuals will plan and prepare an exhibit (concept) in the Living Museum (classroom). Let's say the unit your class just completed covered five core concepts. technology in the classroom effectively and productively. reported that digital technologies have helped in teaching their middle and high school students. Prodigy, for example. Over 50 million students, teachers, and parents are using the free, curriculum-aligned math game for 1st to 8th Grade. Regarding student assessment, you can use this free math app for standardized test prep - click below to see how! Classroom Assessment for Student Learning , Richard Stiggins, one of the first educators to advocate for the concept of assessment for learning, proposes something called "a balanced assessment system that takes advantage of assessment of learning and assessment for learning."

When gauging student learning, two approaches likely come to mind: a According to a Summative assessment comes in If anyone knows how much the learning process is a constant work in progress, it's you! This is why formative assessment is so helpful - it won't always guarantee students understand concepts, but it Summative assessment, on the other hand, simply evaluates what they've learned. In her book, Summative assessments are used to evaluate and grade students' overall understanding of what you've taught. Think The former focuses on the The latter emphasizes the In other words, Are you a school or district admin who wants to learn more about Prodigy?A The University of London's Evidence for Policy and Practice conducted a 19-study In his In May 2017, the College Board released a It's one thing to memorize multiplication tables (which is a good skill), but another to apply those skills in Summative assessments - excluding, for example, multiple choice tests - help you see which students can retain Let's say your class just wrote a However, in an article for Using a tool such as Individually or in groups, specific students can be in charge of each end-of-chapter or -unit podcast. If your students have a cumulative test towards the end of the year or term, the podcast can even function as a study tool You can use online tools such as This creative summative assessment is similar to Now more than ever, students are growing up saturated with smartphones, tablets, and video games. That's why educators should show students how to use More and more educators are bringing digital tools into the learning process. Pew Research Center surveyed 2,462 teachers and Take In the book formative or summative assessment. Fortunately, feeling pressure to choose one or the other isn't necessary. These two types of learning assessment actually serve different and necessary purposes. In this article, we'll be exploring:
Definitions: What's the difference between formative and summative assessment?
Formative assessment occurs regularly throughout a unit, chapter, or term to help track not only how student learning is improving, but how your teaching can, too. Take one-minute papers, for example. Giving your students a solo writing task about today's lesson can help you see how well students understand new content. WestEd article, teachers love using various formative assessments because they help meet students' individual learning needs and foster an environment for ongoing feedback. Catching these struggles or learning gaps immediately is better than finding out during a summative assessment. Such an assessment could include:

In-lesson polls

Partner quizzes

Self-evaluations

Ed-tech games

One-minute papers

Visuals (e.g., diagrams, charts or maps) to demonstrate learning

Exit tickets

So, what is a summative assessment?
It occurs at the end of a unit, chapter, or term and is most commonly associated with final projects, standardized tests, or district benchmarks. Typically heavily weighted and graded, it evaluates what a student has learned and how much they understand. Examples of summative assessment include:

End-of-unit or -chapter tests

Final projects or portfolios

Achievement tests

Standardized tests

Teachers and administrators use the final result to assess student progress, and to evaluate schools and districts. For teachers, this could mean changing how you teach a certain unit or chapter. For administrators, this data could help clarify which programs (if any) require tweaking or removal.
Formative vs summative assessment
While we just defined the two, there are five key differences between formative and summative assessment requiring a more in-depth explanation.

Formative assessment

Summative assessment

Occurs throughout a chapter or unit

Occurs at the end of a chapter or unit

Improves how students learn

Evaluates what students learn

Covers small content areas

Covers complete content areas

Monitors how students are learning

Assigns a grade to students' understanding

Focuses on the process of student learning

Emphasizes the product of student learning

During vs after
Teachers use formative assessment at many points during a unit or chapter to help guide student learning.
Improving vs evaluating

Little vs large
Let's say chapter one in the math textbook has three subchapters (i.e., 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3). A teacher conducting formative assessments will assign mini tasks or assignments throughout each individual content area. Whereas, if you'd like an idea of how your class understood the complete chapter, you'd give them a test covering a large content area including all three parts.
Monitoring vs grading
after completing a content area to gauge student understanding. Formative assessment is extremely effective as a means to monitor individual students' learning styles. It helps catch problems early, giving you more time to address and adapt to different problem areas. will improve how they learn.
src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#reportcard #funny #memes #comics #samecooke #schooldays #music #classic #letsgo #gooutmore #showlove pic.twitter.com/qQ2jen1Z8k - Goldstar (@goldstar)January 20, 2019
Balanced Assessment: From Formative to Summative, renowned educator Kay Burke writes, "The only feedback comes in the form of a letter grade, percentage grade, pass/fail grade, or label such as 'exceeds standards' or 'needs improvement.'"
Process vs product
"It's not about the destination; it's about the journey"? This age-old saying sums up formative and summative assessments fairly accurately. Now that you've got a more thorough understanding of these evaluations, let's dive into the love-hate relationship teachers like yourself may have with summative assessments.

Gauge student preparation for standardized testing

Inform teacher instruction to drive student achievement

Pinpoint students' working grade levels and their levels on key strands

Fill out the form below to book demo with one of our education experts -- at zero cost! report card comments: did students achieve the learning goal(s) you set for them or not?
Perceived disadvantages of summative assessment
The pros are plenty. However, before getting to that list, let's outline some of its perceived cons. Summative assessment may:
1) Offer minimal room for creativity
Rigid and strict assignments or tests can lead to a regurgitation of information. Some students may be able to rewrite facts from one page to another, but others need to understand the "why" before giving an answer. process of student learning. You'll use it to identify areas of strength and weakness among your students - and to make necessary changes to accommodate their learning needs.
2) Not accurately reflect learning
product of student learning. To discover the product's "value", you can ask yourself questions, such as: At the end of an instructional unit, did the student's grade exceed the class standard, or pass according to a district's benchmark? "Teaching to the test" refers to educators who dedicate more time teaching lessons that will be emphasized on district-specific tests. formative methods are an assessment for learning whereas summative ones are an assessment of learning. A significant 60% said it either "dictates most of" or "substantially affects" their teaching. While this can result in higher scores, curriculum distortion can prevent students from learning other foundational subject areas. School leaders can use Prodigy to:
3) Ignore (and miss) timely learning needs
Because summative assessment occurs at the end of units or terms, teachers can fail to identify and remedy students' knowledge gaps or misconceptions as they arise. Unfortunately, by this point, there's often little or no time to rectify a student's mark, which can affect them in subsequent units or grades.
4) Result in a lack of motivation
Contrary to popular belief, researchers found a correlation between students who scored poorly on national curriculum tests and experienced lower self-esteem, and an unwillingness to put more effort into future test prep. Beforehand, interestingly, "there was no correlation between self-esteem and achievement."

Repeated practice tests reinforce the low self-image of the lower-achieving students... When test scores are a source or pride and the community, pressure is brought to bear on the school for high scores.

Similarly, parents bring pressure on their children when the result has consequences for attendance at high social status schools. For many students, this increases their anxiety, even though they recognize their parents as being supportive.

5) Be inauthentic
Summative assessment has received criticism for its perceived inaccuracy in providing a full and balanced measure of student learning. Consider this, for example: Your student, who's a hands-on, auditory learner, has a math test today. It comes in a traditional paper format as well as a computer program format, which reads the questions aloud for students. Chances are the student will opt for the latter test format. What's more, this student's test results will likely be higher and more accurate. The reality is that curricula - let alone standardized tests - typically don't allow for this kind of accommodation. This is the exact reason educators and advocates such as Chuck Hitchcock, Anne Meyer, David Rose, and Richard Jackson believe: survey conducted by Harvard's Carnegie-Knight Task Force on the Future of Journalism asked teachers whether or not "preparing students to pass mandated standardized tests" affects their teaching.

Curriculum matters and 'fixing' the one-size-fits-all, inflexible curriculum will occupy both special and general educators well into the future... Students with diverse learning needs are not 'the problem'; barriers in the curriculum itself are the root of the difficulty.

6) Be biased
Depending on a school district's demographic, summative assessment - including standardized tests - can present biases if a group of students is unfairly graded based on their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or social class.

This doesn't necessarily mean that if minority students are outperformed on a summative test by majority students that the test is biased against that minority. It may instead indicate that the minority students have not been provided with the appropriate instruction...

An example of content bias against girls would be one in which students are asked to compare the weights of several objects, including a football. Since girls are less likely to have handled a football, they might find the item more difficult than boys, even though they have mastered the concept measured by the item.

Importance and benefits of summative assessment
Overall, these are valid points raised against summative assessment. However, it does offer fantastic benefits for teachers and students alike! Summative assessment can: systematic review of the impact summative assessment and tests have on students' motivation for learning.
1) Motivate students to study and pay closer attention
Although we mentioned lack of motivation above, this isn't true for every student. In fact, you've probably encountered numerous students for whom summative assessments are an incredible source of motivation to put more effort into their studies.

Data shows studying for the SAT for 20 hours on free Official SAT Practice on Khan Academy is associated with an average score gain of 115 points, nearly double the average score gain compared to students who don't use Khan Academy. Out of nearly 250,000 test-takers studied, more than 16,000 gained 200 points or more between the PSAT/NMSQT and SAT...

In addition to the 115-point average score increase associated with 20 hours of practice, shorter practice periods also correlate with meaningful score gains. For example, 6 to 8 hours of practice on Official SAT Practice is associated with an average 90-point increase.

2) Allow students to apply what they've learned

3) Help identify gaps in student learning
Before moving on to a new unit, it's vital to make sure students are keeping up. Naturally, some will be ahead while others will lag behind. In either case, giving them a summative assessment will provide you with a general overview of where your class stands as a whole.
4) Help identify possible teaching gaps
In addition to identifying student learning gaps, summative assessment can help target where your teaching style or lesson plans may have missed the mark. Have you ever been grading tests before, to your horror, realizing almost none of your students hit the benchmark you hoped for? When this happens, the low grades are not necessarily related to study time. For example, you may need to consider:

Incorporating more visual components

Including/excluding word problems

Innovative summative assessments (we list some below!)

5) Give teachers valuable insights
Summative assessments can highlight what worked and what didn't throughout the school year. Once you pinpoint how, where and what lessons need tweaking, making informed adjustments for next year becomes easier. In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes... and, for teachers, new students year after year. So although old students may miss out on changes you've made to your lessons, new ones get to reap the benefits. This not only improves your skills as an educator, but will ensure a more enriching educational experience for generations of students to come. presentation at Kansas State University, emeritus professor in the UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, Dr. W. James Popham, explained summative assessment bias:
6) Contribute positively to learning outcomes
Certain summative assessments also provide valuable data at district, national, and global levels. Depending on average test scores, this can determine whether or not certain schools receive funding, programs stay or go, curriculum changes occur, and more. Burke writes:

Summative assessments also provide the public and policymakers with a sense of the results of their investment in education and give educators a forum for proving whether instruction works - or does not work.

The seven aims of summative assessment
Dr. Nancy P. Gallavan, a professor of teacher education at the University of Central Arkansas, believes teachers can use performance-based summative assessments at any grade level.

1. Accompanied with appropriate time and task management

2. Achievable as in-class activities and out-of-class assignments

3. Active involvement in planning, preparation, and performance

4. Applicable to academic standards and expectations

5. Appropriate to your students' learning styles, needs, and interests

6. Attractive to your students on an individual and group level

7. Authentic to curricular content and context

Keeping these goals in mind, here's a list of innovative ways to conduct summative assessments in your classroom!
Summative assessment examples: 9 ways to make test time fun
statement about whether coaching truly boosts test scores: If you want to switch things up this summative assessment season, keep reading. While you can't change what's on standardized tests, you can create activities to ensure your students are exhibiting and applying their understanding and skills to end-of-chapter or -unit assessments. In a refreshing way. Why not give them the opportunity to express their understanding in ways that apply to different learning styles? math word problems or real-world examples.
1) One, two, three... action!
and apply what they've learned. Write a script and create a short play, movie, or song about a concept or strategy of your choosing. This video from Science Rap Academy is a great - and advanced - example of students who created a song about how blue-eyed children can come from two brown-eyed parents:
2) TXT MSG
test on multiplication and division. If all students scored high on multiplication but one quarter of students scored low on division, you'll know to focus more on teaching division to those students moving forward. Students could create a back-and-forth conversation between two historical figures about a world event, or two friends helping each other with complex math concepts.
3) Podcast
Have your students create a five to 10-minute podcast episode about core concepts from each unit. This is an exciting option because it can become an ongoing project.
4) Infographic
Creating a detailed infographic for a final project is an effective way for students to reinforce what they've learned. They can cover definitions, key facts, statistics, research, how-to info, graphics, etc. You can even put up the most impressive infographics in your classroom. Over time, you'll have have an arsenal of in-depth, visually-appealing infographics students can use when studying for chapter or unit tests.
5) Compare and contrast
Venn diagrams are an old - yet effective - tool perfect for visualizing just about anything! Whether you teach history or social studies, English or math, or something in between, Venn diagrams can help certain learners visualize the relationship between different things. For example, they can compare book characters, locations around the world, scientific concepts, and more just like the examples below:
6) Living museum
Five students will set up around the classroom while the teacher walks from exhibit to exhibit. Upon reaching the first student, the teacher will push an imaginary button, bringing the exhibit "to life." The student will do a two to three-minute presentation; afterwards, the teacher will move on to the next one.
7) Ed-Tech games
Some of the findings were quite eye-opening:

80% report using the internet at least weekly to help them create lesson plans

84% report using the internet at least weekly to find content that will engage students

69% say the internet has a "major impact on their ability to share ideas with other teachers

80% report getting email alerts or updates at least weekly that allow them to follow developments in their field

92% say the internet has a "major impact" on their ability to access content, resources, and materials for their teaching

67% say the internet has a "major impact" on their ability to interact with parents and 57% say it has had such an impact on enabling their interaction with students

8) Shark Tank/Dragon's Den
Yes, just like the reality TV show! You can show an episode or two to your class or get them to watch the show at home. Next, have students pitch a product or invention that can help change the world outside of school for the better. This innovative summative assessment is one that'll definitely require some more thought and creativity. But it's important that, as educators, we help students realize they can have a huge positive impact on the world in which they live. Corwin, she suggests crafting yours with seven aims in mind:
9) Free choice
If a student chooses to come up with their own summative assessment, you'll need to vet it first. It'll likely take some collaboration to arrive at something sufficient. However, giving students the freedom to explore content areas that interest them most could surprise you. Sometimes, it's during those projects they form a newfound passion and are wildly successful in completing the task. We're sure there are countless other innovative summative assessment ideas out there, but we hope this list gets your creative juices flowing. With the exclusion of standardized state and national tests, one of the greatest misconceptions about summative assessments is that they're all about paper and pencil. Our hope in creating this list was to help you see how fun and engaging summative assessments can truly be.
Summative assessment strategies for keeping tests clear and fair
In addition to using the summative assessment examples above to accommodate your students' learning styles, these tips and strategies should also help:

Use a rubric - Rubrics help set a standard for how your class should perform on a test or assignment. They outline test length, how in-depth it will be, and what you require of them to achieve the highest possible grades.

Design clear, effective questions - When designing tests, do your best to use language, phrases, and examples similar to those used during lessons. This'll help keep your tests aligned with the material you've covered.

Try blind grading - Most teachers prefer knowing whose tests they're grading. But if you want to provide wholly unbiased grades and feedback, try blind grading. You can request your students write their names on the bottom of the last test page or the back.

Assess comprehensiveness - Make sure the broad, overarching connections you're hoping students can make are reasonable and fluid. For example, if the test covers measurement, geometry and spatial sense, you should avoid including questions about patterning and algebra.

Create a final test after, not before, teaching the lessons - Don't put the horse before the carriage. Plans can change and student learning can demand different emphases from year to year. If you have a test outline, perfect! But expect to embrace and make some changes from time to time.

Make it real-world relevant - How many times have you heard students ask, "When am I going to use this in real life?" Far too often students assume math, for example, is irrelevant to their lives and write it off as a subject they don't need. When crafting test questions, use culturally-relevant word problems to illustrate a subject's true relevance.

Enter the Balanced Assessment Model
Note: As a general guideline, students should incorporate recognition and recall, logic and reasoning, as well as skills and application that cover major concepts and practices (including content areas you emphasized in your lessons).

Throughout your teaching career, you'll spend a lot of time with formative and summative assessments. While some teachers emphasize one over the other, it's vital to recognize the extent to which they're interconnected. If you use both effectively, they inform one another and "assessment becomes more than just an index of school success. It also serves as the cause of that success." In fact, Stiggins argues teachers should view these two types of assessment as "in sync."

They can even be the exact same thing - only the purpose and the timing of the assessment determine its label. Formative assessments provide the training wheels that allow students to practice and gain confidence while riding their bikes around the enclosed school parking lot.

Once the training wheels come off, the students face their summative assessment as they ride off into the sunset on only two wheels, prepared to navigate the twists and turns of the road to arrive safely at their final destination.

iPhone Fake Text Generator, have students craft a mock text message conversation conveying a complex concept from the unit, or each chapter of that unit.
Conclusion: Going beyond the test
Implementing these innovative summative assessment examples should engage your students in new and exciting ways. What's more, they'll have the opportunity to express and apply what they've learned in creative ways that solidify student learning. So, what do you think - are you ready to try out these summative assessment ideas?
Prodigy is a free game-based learning platform that's loved by school leaders across 90,000 schools.
Fill out the form below to book a zero-cost, 30-minute demo with one of our friendly experts to learn more! they created together. Record MP3 Online or Vocaroo to get your class started! one, two, three... action! Individuals will plan and prepare an exhibit (concept) in the Living Museum (classroom). Let's say the unit your class just completed covered five core concepts. technology in the classroom effectively and productively. reported that digital technologies have helped in teaching their middle and high school students. Prodigy, for example. Over 50 million students, teachers, and parents are using the free, curriculum-aligned math game for 1st to 8th Grade. Regarding student assessment, you can use this free math app for standardized test prep - click below to see how! Classroom Assessment for Student Learning , Richard Stiggins, one of the first educators to advocate for the concept of assessment for learning, proposes something called "a balanced assessment system that takes advantage of assessment of learning and assessment for learning."

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9 Summative Assessment Examples to Try This School Year

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Jordan Nisbet All Posts When gauging student learning, two approaches likely come to mind: a According to a Summative assessment comes in If anyone knows how much the learning process is a constant work in progress, it's you!

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A peer-reviewed paper about a sample of "Combining and Integrating Formative and Summative Assessment in Mathematics Teacher Education"

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A peer-reviewed paper about a sample of "Combining and Integrating Formative and Summative Assessment in Mathematics Teacher Education"

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Quoted from the abstract:

First, a formative eportfolio assessment was combined with a summative panel survey to assess the learning opportunities of mathematics pre-service teachers. Second, the formative eportfolio approach was integrated with a summative oral course examination to make statements about the learning processes and learning outcomes of the pre-service teachers. Our analyses conclude that combining and integrating the two forms of assessment present the possibility of evaluating different aspects of the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of opportunities to learn.