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Suood Salim - 126617
Anas Al Maqbali - 122230

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Here you will find 3 different interviews, the first one with a school principal, second with a teacher and the third one with a student, all of them are in a remote school.

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* الكثيري، فاطمة مستهيل عبدالله (2015). تطويرالأداء الإداري لمديري المدارس الوبلية في ولاية رخيوت لمهامهم الإدارية (رسالة ماجستير غيرمناورة). جامعة ظفار، سلطنة عمان.
* Montgromery, M. (2010). Small rural school districts in Nebraska: a case study of challenges and solutions. Educational Administration, University of Nebraska. UMI: 128. -1 :3432054
* Wildy, H., & Clarke, S. (2011). Improving the small rural or remote school: the role of the district. Australian Journal of Education. 55(1), 24-37.
* Green, C., Roebuck, J., & Futrell, A. (1994). Combating Isola- tion: A first year teacher support program. 1he Rural Educa- tor, 15(3), 5—8.

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Such a problem needs immediate solution as it is necessary to have a sufficient education system, some of these soultions are:
1- Create measures to keep good educators in remote areas.  Higher salary, housing subsidies, training programs, and prospects for progression are all examples of incentives that might be used in this context. Teachers in rural areas might be helped by initiatives that provide them with resources and mentors.
2- Boost Internet Access and School Technology in remote  Areas and Equip Classrooms with Modern Computing Tools. This involves things like setting up stable wifi, handing out laptops or tablets, and installing A/V equipment in classrooms. Digital education, research, and cooperation are all aided by widespread access to digital technologies.
3- Providing students in remote places with access to safe and dependable modes of transportation is a top priority. This may include the use of school buses, collaboration with regional transportation providers, or the introduction of creative measures like carpooling programs. More pupils would be able to attend class if they had access to dependable transportation.
4- Invest in developing infrastructure to ensure that schools in outlying areas have access to modern classrooms, libraries, labs, and athletic facilities. By improving the infrastructure, we can make classrooms and other educational settings more comfortable for students.
5- Create alliances with other institutions, libraries, and educational establishments to expand student access to educational materials. Some examples of this include the development of digital libraries, the promotion of information exchange, and the provision of online research databases and resources. Working with an outside group might fill in the holes in your resources and broaden your horizons.
6- To better educational prospects, encourage community partnerships and collaborations. Encourage local companies, nonprofits, and parents to participate in and sponsor after-school mentoring and other programs. Community involvement has the potential to enrich academic initiatives with new sources of funding, knowledge, and enthusiasm.

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This is a case study of 25 schools in Oman which considered as remote schools which will show the challenges, barriers and causes of the Inefficiency of remote schools. The result is huge which summed up in:
1- The slow response in meeting the needs of schools by the ministry.
2-Difficulty hiring employees and not being able to keep them.
3- Lack of sources of professional development.
4- Lack of awareness of the people of remote areas of the importance of education.
5- Infrastructure.
6- Lack of financial support.

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تحديات-إدارة-المدارس-البعيدة-في-سلطنة-عمان-وسبل-التغلب-عليها

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The inefficiency of schools might be a common problem globally that may occur in different kinds of schools and stages, yet the percentage of the inefficiency increase largely in the remote schools. remote schools are the schools that are located in isolated areas such as Thamreet and Al ruba Alkhali schools in Oman. Having a school in an isolated area means having a limit in everything regarding the education and the resourses, as the area itself is not fully adapted for living so it's not fully adapted for learning. The learning process, especially nowadays, requires a lot of tools, suitable environment, unlimited resources, highly qualified teaching staff. All the requirements mentioned above are nearly impossible to find in a remote school due to many reasons such as the limitations to technology and the shortage of teachers.

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In general, being in an isolated area means having a lot of limits which are the main causes of this problem in addition to some other factors:

1- Limited resources: Due to the location, it becomes hard to deliver all the education materials on a regular basis as it hard to do, basically because of the distance. in addition to the lack of technology, internet, infrastructure and tools. All these resources are essential for a successful educational process.

2- Lack of skilled teachers:
Skilled teachers usually look for opportunities that might help them develop their careers, which is hard to get in the remote schools. The number of highly qualified teachers who are ready to work in isolated areas is very low, isolated areas are not suitable for skillful and ambitious teachers, and for that, the quality of the teaching staff in the remote schools is decreasing. Not having a skillful teachers who will move and develop students until they reach another level is a big downfall for the education system in the school.

3- Technological limitations: The situation in most isolated areas is bad when it comes to internet, very slow and sometimes there is no internet. In addition to the lack of using technology, as the people of such areas usually tend to be very simple and use the traditional ways rather than counting on technology. Modern methods of teaching requires using technology as it facilitates the learning process, enhance critical thinking and provide extra material. Some teachers count on technology and internet as their main source of materials.

4- Transportation: This issue is general as it involves all the members of the school, principle, teachers, students, etc...
The availability of transportation is limited, and sometimes it transportation is completely unavailable due to the weather, which may result for different members of the school missing the day, which will lead eventually to a gap in the teaching process.

5- Lack of parental and community engagement: Due to some traditional and cultural barriers, the engagement of parents in the learning process is weak. Regarding the community, there is a lack of support for the school from the community, it's rare to have any support from organization or local Bussiness due to their quantity, very low number.

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Stakeholders Affected by The Inefficiency of Remote Schools

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Stakeholders Affected by The Inefficiency of Remote Schools

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1- Teachers: As the shortage of teachers is one of the main aspects of this issue, the lack of teachers may lead to increasing workloads and less possibilities for professional growth. Their capacity to design interesting and dynamic learning environments may suffer from a lack of resources and technology. The lack of opportunities for professional networking and collaboration with other educators may also be a result of isolated schools' isolation from surrounding areas.

2- Students: The inefficiency of remote schools adversely impacts students. Their ability to study can be hampered by a lack of resources, including technology and educational materials. Larger class numbers and a lack of teachers may lead to less individualized instruction and individual attention. Their holistic development may be impacted by a lack of different learning opportunities and limited extracurricular activities. Furthermore, it can be challenging to go to class on time and participate in educational activities due to transportation issues and isolation from other people.

3- Local communities: The community members' long-term prospects may be hampered by the limited educational possibilities, which may also hinder their general development and potential. Additional barriers to collaboration and the use of community resources for education include a low level of community involvement with the school.

4- Parents: Additionally impacted are the parents and families of pupils attending distant schools. They could have difficulties in providing their kids with access to a high-quality education due to the lack of extracurricular activities and educational resources. Long travel lengths and difficult transportation issues may put additional strain on families. Parents' ability to actively participate in their children's education may be limited if there is insufficient community participation.

5- Head teacher and educational authorities: Due to the different reasons mentioned earlier, the inefficiency of schools is a big issue which is hard to solve and needs a lot of work. For this the educational authorities in general and head teachers in specific get the blame for the results even though the issue is bigger than what they can afford.

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This article shows the performance of students in the remote schools and how their performance changes by the change of some factors such the financial support, quality of teachers, level of awareness in the area, parents involvement and social activities made in school.

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The paper focus on how best to prepare teachers for isolated teaching positions and how best to support them in the initial phase of their service. Also this paper discussed the major barriers of retention of teachers in rural and remote areas which are:
1- the desire or need to return ‘home’,
2- professional advancement.
3- dissatisfaction with teaching and/or living in rural and remote areas.
4- lack of appropriate incentives to retain teaching

personnel in rural and remote locations.
5- The selection of teaching personnel for appointment to rural and remote areas.
It also discussed the advantages of living in a remote area as a teacher:
- a healthier, quieter, safer lifestyle.
- a good place to raise children.
- a smaller, more caring community.
- an absence of problems that affect big cities such

as the incidence of crime.
- a plenitude of clean, open spaces.

In addition to the disadvantages of living there:
- the dearth of cultural activities.
- the ‘tyranny’ of having to travel long distances.
- the relative lack of educational opportunities for

children.
- the lack of employment opportunities for spouse

and own children.
- the relative lack of health facilities and sports

facilities.