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A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb, and it may also have  an object and modifiers. However, it contains only one independent  clause. Example: I like pasta.

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A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses.  These two independent clauses can be combined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction or with a semicolon.

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Coordinating conjunctions connect words or phrases with the same grammatical purpose in a sentence. There are seven main  coordinating conjunctions in English, which form the acronym  FANBOYS:

F: for The teachers were frustrated, for the school had cut funding for all enrichment programs.

A: and: In this course, I will write a literature review, a case study, and a final paper.

N: nor The students did not complete their homework, nor did they pass the test.

B: but The study is several years old but still valuable to this study.

O: or: At the end of the class, the students can choose to write an essay or take a test.

Y: yet The patient complained of chronic pain, yet she refused treatment.

S: so I have only been a nurse for one year, so I have little experience with paper charting.

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A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Although she completed her literature review, she still needed to work on her methods section.

If a sentence begins with a dependent clause, note the comma after this clause.

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There are many  subordinating clauses, but here are some of the most common: 

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There are many  subordinating clauses, but here are some of the most common: 

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After, before, when, while, as soon as, since, until, and whenever.

Subordinating conjunctions can connect an action or an event to a point in time.

"Maggie could play the piano before she was five"

"They continued when the storm was over"

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The most common conjunctions used to introduce a reason are: because, since, as, so that, and now (that).

They are used to introduce dependent clauses that explain why or for what purpose something happens. For example, "Grant dreamed about cheese because he had eaten so much of it the night before".

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Although, despite, even if, even though, despite, much as, though, whereas, and while are all used to link two contrasting ideas or show that one fact makes the other fact surprising. They can all be used at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

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Subordinating conjunctions join a subordinate clause to a main clause  and establishes a relationship between the two.

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If, unless, when, and once. Conjunctions of condition are used to express a condition or contingency that must be met for something to happen or be true.

If they hold the party without me, I am going to get angry.

He was going to fire us unless we told him the truth.

Once you learn it, you will love it for the rest of your life.