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Characteristics associated with emotional/behavioral disorder include, aggressive or antisocial behavior, inattentiveness, distractibility or impulsivity. Emotional and behavioral disorders come with the inability to handle the routine of daily tasks, obsessive and repetitive behaviors, attention-seeking behaviors like negative interactions or a poor attitude towards work, peers, or teachers, and depressed behaviors like withdrawal, anxiety, and mood swings. Some students who struggle with behavioral issues, emotional disturbance, or both have low self-esteem and negative self-concepts. Students that are regularly off-task in the classroom have the potential to negatively impact other students' learning. Students might struggle to build relationships and work well in groups. Students may act aggressively toward other people or decline to cooperate.

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Interviews - Mental health professionals often conduct structured or semi-structured interviews to gather information about a person's history, symptoms, and current functioning. This may involve discussions about emotional experiences, behavior patterns, and life events.

Observation - Professionals may observe an individual's behavior, emotional expressions, and interactions with others in different contexts. This can provide valuable insights into the nature and severity of emotional disorders.

Psychological Testing - Psychologists may use various standardized tests to assess specific aspects of emotional functioning, such as intelligence, personality, or specific emotional disorders. These tests can help provide a more comprehensive understanding of an individual's mental health.

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Intense and Prolonged Mood Disturbances

Changes in Sleep Patterns

Changes in Appetite and Weight

Fatigue and Low Energy

Difficulty Concentrating

Feelings of Hopelessness or Despair

Loss of Interest in Enjoyable Activities

Changes in Social Behavior

Physical Symptoms

Suicidal Thoughts or Self-Harming Behaviors

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Choice making opportunities - Giving students more than one option and allowing an option selection based on personal preferences.

Mnemonic instruction - An instructional strategy created to improve recall of information through the use of visual or auditory clues. These clues improve students' ability to make connections between their existing knowledge and new information.

Story mapping - A graphic organizer that helps students learn the elements of a narrative. Learning to identify a story's characters, plot, setting, problem, and solution prompts students to read carefully to learn the important details.

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Low Technology:

Sensory objects

Picture boards

High Technology:

Screen readers

Communication devices

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Before learning and researching about emotional and behavioral disorders, I believed that an individual with ebd could control their actions and factors like anger and sadness prevented them from fixing their behavior. After learning and researching, I learned that an individual with ebd has trouble controling their behavior and emotions due to psychological effects.

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A neurodevelopmental disorder called autism spectrum disorder is characterized by a variety of difficulties with communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Because people with autism spectrum disorder can display a broad range of symptoms, abilities, and degrees of impairment, it is referred to as a "spectrum".

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an ongoing pattern of impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention. ADHD impairs day-to-day functioning and development. Symptoms can continue into adolescence and adulthood, although they usually first appear in childhood.

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A learning disability is a neurological disorder. In simple terms, a learning disability results from a variation in the way an individual's brain is "wired." Kids with learning disabilities are just as intelligent as their classmates, if not more so. However, if left to their own devices or taught in traditional methods, they might struggle with reading, writing, spelling, reasoning, remembering, and/or organizing information.

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Intellectual disability  is a term used when a person has certain limitations in cognitive functioning and skills, including conceptual, social and practical skills, such as language, social and self-care skills. These limitations can cause a person to develop and learn more slowly or differently than a typically developing person.

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Social-Emotional Reciprocity

Lack of normal back-and-forth conversation.

Reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect.

Failure to initiate or respond to social interactions.

Nonverbal Communicative Behaviors

Poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication.

Abnormalities in eye contact and body language.

Deficits in understanding and using gestures.

Stereotyped or Repetitive Movements

Simple motor stereotypes (i.e., hand-flapping).

Use of objects or speech in a repetitive manner.

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Social Challenges

Communication Difficulties

Repetitive Behaviors

Sensory Sensitivities

Restricted Interests

Difficulty with Transitions

Impaired Social Imagination

Communication Variances

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Sensory objects

Offering distractions

Breathing techniques

Exercise and movement

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Low Technology:

Sensory objects

Visual timers

High Technology:

Interactive whiteboards

Communication technology

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Before learning and researching about autism, I believed that an individual with autism only had trouble understanding and learning. After learning and researching, I learned that Autism Spectrum Disorder is a caused by differences in the brain which makes it more difficult for an individual with Autism to perform and understand thoroughly.

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Symptom Persistence

Symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity must persist for at least six months to a degree that is inconsistent with the individual's developmental level.

Onset Before Age 12

Several symptoms must be present before the age of 12, indicating that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Impairment in Multiple Settings

The symptoms should lead to significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning across multiple settings, such as home, school, and work.

Inattention Symptoms

At least six symptoms of inattention must be present, such as difficulty sustaining attention, making careless mistakes, being easily distracted, forgetfulness, and organization problems.

Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms

At least six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity must be present, including fidgeting, restlessness, difficulty waiting one's turn, interrupting, and impulsive decision-making.

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Difficulty Sustaining Attention

Poor Organization

Forgetfulness

Lack of Focus

Easily Distracted

Impulsivity

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IQ test

Weshsler Intellegence Scale for Children

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Minimizing distractions

Organization

Establishing schedules and routines

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Low Technology:

Sensory objects

High Technology:

Text to speech software

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Before learning and researching about ADHD, I believed that an individual with ADHD was just unable to sit still or act calmly. After learning and researching, I learned that ADHD could be caused by genetics which makes it difficult for an individual with ADHD to perform in educational settings.

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Stanford-Binet Intellegence Scale

Wechsler Intellegence Scale for Children

IV Tests of Achievement

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Having a hard time understanding what others are saying

Difficulty organizing written and spoken language

Delay in being able to speak

Difficulty expressing thoughts or feelings

Difficulty learning vocabulary while reading or hearing

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Assistive Technology

Graphic Organizers

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Magnifiers

Talking devices such as a talking thermostat

Braille displays

Screen reading software

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Before learning and researching about learning disabilities, I believed that an individual with a learning disability wasnt able to perform well in school and just needed extra help. After learning and researching, I learned that an individual with a learning disabilty is a delayed development. For example, speech, language, vocabulary, reading, writing, etc.

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Sitting up, crawling, or walking later than other children

Learning to talk later, or having trouble speaking

Finding it hard to remember things

Having trouble understanding social rules

Having trouble seeing the results of their actions

Have trouble solving problems

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Breaking up tasks to make understanding easier

Implementing organization skills into learning

Visuals like graphs or pictures

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Apps used to make understanding and visulising easier

Sound Boards

Picture Boards

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Before learning and researching about intellectual disabilities, I believed that an individual with ID was just not being able to comprehend or understand. After learning and researching, I learned that an individual with an intellectual disabilitiy has certain limitations in cognitive functioning and skills, including conceptual, social and practical skills, such as language, social and self-care skills.

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Speech and language impairments are basic categories that might be drawn in issues of communication involve hearing, speech, language, and fluency.

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Loud speech

Less interactive

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Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

The Stanford Achievement Test

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Speaking clearly

Image flashcards

Providing verbal clues

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Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Picture communication symbols

Speech-generating devices

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Before learning and researching about speech and language impairments, I believed that this meant individuals are not able to communicate with others well. After learning and researching, I learned that a speech and language impairment is a communication disorder and is characterized by difficulty in articulation of words.

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A person who is not able to hear as well as someone with normal hearing resulting from auditory disorders

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Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

The Stanford Achievement Test

Kaufman Assessment Batter for Children

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Muffling of speech and other sounds

Trouble understanding words, especially when in a crowd or a noisy place

Trouble hearing the letters of the alphabet that aren't vowels

Often asking others to speak more slowly, clearly and loudly

Needing to turn up the volume of the television or radio

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Written handouts & visual aids

Captioned or interpreted videos

Reduce background noise

Check-in with your deaf students

• Adapting teaching for distance-learning strategies

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Hearing Aids

Cochlear Implants

FM Systems

Captioning

Telephone amplifiers

Flashing and vibrating alarms

Auditory Trainers

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Before learning and researching about hearing impairments, I believed that an individual with a hearing impairment was unable to hear and was diagnosed with hearing loss at birth. After learning, I learned that individuals with hearing impairments use assistance to help with their impairment.

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People whose vision cannot be corrected by ordinary glasses, contact lenses, medication, or surgery have visual impairments. People with visual impairments have difficulty with routine tasks.

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Medical examinations

Snellen chart

Ocular Report

Functional Vision Evaluation

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Social immaturity

Feelings of isolation

Low self-esteem

Traveling with a cane dog

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Always use names

It's OK to use words that reference sight

Don't gesture, always verbalize

Avoid asking if a student can see something

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Electronic Braille

Tablets and smartphones

Optical character recognition (OCR)

Synthetic speech

Electronic magnification

eText reader

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Before learning and researching about speech impairments, I believed that an individual with a speech impairment was unable to speak clearly was diagnosed with hearing loss at birth. After learning, I learned that individuals with speech impairments use assistance to help with their impairment.

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A physical disability is a condition that substantially limits one or more basic physical activities in life

A health impairment in a person's body structure or function, or mental functioning

An orthopedic impairment is a physical disability that occurs from congenital anomalies, diseases, or other causes that adversely affect a child's educational performance

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Psychological evaluations

Medical evaluations

Comprehensive educational assessment

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Intelligence in the normal or gifted range

Problems related to movement, posture

Mobility issues

Coordination difficulties

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Preferential seating

Frequent breaks

Personal and private feedback.

Permit use of computer software.

Extended test taking time

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A psychological evaluation

Mobility Devices

Computer Access

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Before learning and researching about physical, health, and low incidence disabilities, I believed that an individual with a disability had educational difficulties which made it harder for them to learn. After learning, I learned that individuals with physical, health, and low incidence disabilities makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities and interact with the world around them.

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Gifted education is a sort of education used for children who have been identified as gifted and talented. The main approaches to gifted education are enrichment and acceleration.

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Stanford-Binet 5th edition (SB-5)

Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV)

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V)

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Enjoys learning

Attains information easily

Demonstrates interest in a variety of areas

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Grouping gifted students together

Various levels of reading

Always keep learning

Set goals

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Internet

Text-to-speech

Text customization

Active reading tools

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Before learning and researching about gifted and talented students, I believed that an individual who is gifted and talented is just smart and understands things easier. After learning, I learned that gifted and talented individuals develop the potential for performing at a remarkably high level at a young age.