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“I shall always remember that smile. From what world did it come from?”― Elie Wiesel, Night

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“I shall always remember that smile. From what world did it come from?”― Elie Wiesel, Night

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I picked this quote because you see a lot of people who smile everyday, but some smiles stand out more than others. The quote explains that you'll remember that smile and its different from others and which is why they said "from what world did it come from."

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One major similarity from this image and the book night is that innocent people are being killed. In the book, people are forced out of their homes and moved to camps. Once they arrive at the camp, most people end up being killed. A lot of innocent were killed inside the camps and some were even killed in there homes. In this image it shows a group of soldiers killing innocent people for no reason.

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According to St Matthew's Gospel, after hearing from the wise men of the birth of Jesus, King Herod ordered that all children in Bethlehem under the age of two be murdered. Bruegel set the story as a contemporary Flemish atrocity so that the soldiers wear the distinctive clothing of the Spanish army and their German mercenaries.

The artist also drew upon his experience of the exceptionally severe winter of 1564-5 to describe a village covered in snow, with icicles hanging from the rooftops and the pond in the foreground thickly frozen over.

Bruegel's Massacre of the Innocents was a popular image, repeated numerous times mainly by the artist and by his son, Pieter Brueghel the Younger.

Shortly after its creation the painting came into the possession of the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolph II, in Prague. The slaughtered babies were painted over with details such as bundles, food and animals so that, instead of a massacre, it appeared to be a more general scene of plunder. The biographer, Karel van Mander, described it as a 'Massacre' in 1604; it had become a 'village plundering' when recorded in an inventory of 1621. The shadow of the infants can be seen underneath the over-painted areas.

The flames added in the sky over the houses were cleaned off in 1941, but it was decided during its full conservation treatment in 1988 to leave the more substantial (and historically significant) alterations to the figures, where animals and inanimate objects are painted over the details of children being slaughtered.

The painting is a unique example of multiple narrative. Bruegel's painting requires us to read each episodes one by one. In the background, immediately below the church, a father tries to smuggle his baby to safety, though the mounted soldier on the bridge behind and the many horses tethered (their riders presumably searching houses) suggest that he is unlikely to succeed. In the left background a soldier urinates against a wall. A soldier herds women into a house at the extreme left; another soldier carries a baby (one of the few that have not been changed) out of a nearer door, while against the wall of the same house some neighbours seem to be consoling a grieving mother. Moving to the right, a standing woman grieves over her dead baby lying in the snow (changed to an array of hams and cheeses); a couple seem to beg a soldier to take their daughter rather than kill their baby son (changed to a goose or swan); a huddle of villagers console or restrain a father who might otherwise attack the Lansquenet (German mercenary) in striped hose who guards a dead baby (changed to a bundle). A seated woman grieves with her dead baby (changed to a bundle) on her lap. A group of soldiers stab with pikes at a pile of babies (changed to livestock) to ensure that they are all dead; women run off in horror as another Lansquenet stabs a baby (changed to a young boar); a soldier stabs at a baby (changed to a pitcher) cradled by a seated woman. At this point a distinct group forms as ugly and ridiculous-looking villagers remonstrate with a young, elegantly-dressed herald who originally had the symbol of the Habsburg eagle on his tabard (overpainted with a simple decoration).

At the extreme right soldiers are forcing entry to an inn: one wields an axe and one a battering ram, three climb in at the shutters, one kicks down a courtyard door, thereby dislodging an icicle that will fall on his head like divine vengeance. Reading across the foreground right to left we see a baby (changed to a bundle) torn from a mother and her daughter. Two generations of a family grieve for a baby about to be stabbed (changed to a calf). At the left foreground another sergeant pursues a fleeing mother and child, a group not painted over though partly lost when this side of the panel was cut down at some point in the painting's history.

The troop of armoured knights is led by a man, whose features have been altered. In the other versions of this painting he has the distinctive drooping eyes and long beard of the Duke of Alva, who harshly ruled the Netherlands for Philip II of Spain from 1567-73. Before it was painted over, the standard held by one of these soldiers displayed five gold crosses on a white ground - the arms of Jerusalem, which were sometimes used as an emblem of Philip II of Spain.

Catalogue entry adapted from Bruegel to Rubens: Masters of Flemish Painting, London, 2007

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Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c. 1525-69) - Massacre of the Innocents

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According to St Matthew's Gospel, after hearing from the wise men of the birth of Jesus, King Herod ordered that all children in Bethlehem under the age of two be murdered.

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In the movie of the pursuit of happiness, the son and the father go through a lot of hard times. Chris Gardner was a single father and he was evicted from his apartment and forced to live in the streets. He was later fired from his job and forced to live in a homeless shelter. The father tries his best to try to give his son a better life and he eventually starts giving him a better life. In the book night, the father and son go through a lot of hard times to. They are forced to leave their homes and moved into camps. They were eventually moved to other camps but a few main problems were they didn't have or clean water or weren't too healthy. The book night and the movie The pursuit of happiness both didn't have a lot of food or water and weren't the healthiest.

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When the English first got to the U.S. they created the 13 colonies. There was a problem though, the Native Americans were already living there, so when the English arrived they started to kill them or force them to work. They would kill innocent people and force people out of there homes. This also happened when Hitler was trying to take over. He invaded countries like Poland and killed innocent people and forced out of their homes to go to the camps.

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Best Diplomats | Diplomatic Conferences | New York

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The 13 original colonies of America belonged to Great Britain and were situated in North America. British colonialism was longstanding, and the country established colonies in North America for a variety of objectives, including expanding trade routes, generating employment, and earning income from the labor and products of its colonists.

The thirteen colonies were home to almost 2.5 million people by 1775. Since many of them were born in the colonies, they identified as "Americans." There were 13 colonies at this point, following a few unsuccessful ones like those at Roanoke Island and the division of Carolina into the colonies of North Carolina and South Carolina. These 13 colonies were the ones who rebelled against Great Britain and went on to form the United States of America

The Thirteen Colonies

Following were the original thirteen colonies of America;

1) Connecticut

In 1633, Dutch traders founded a permanent settlement close to Hartford. It began to be called the Connecticut River Colony or even the River Colony. English settlers from Massachusetts soon after started to settle in the region. Clergyman Thomas Hooker and his supporters landed in the Connecticut River Valley in 1636 and proclaimed religious freedom after being expelled from Massachusetts. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the country's first written constitution, was produced in 1639 when three settlements Hartford, Saybrook, and New Haven joined forces to form a single, unified government. In 1662, Connecticut became one Charter Colony under the authority of King Charles II. Connecticut became one of the five states to ratify the US Constitution in 1788.

2) Georgia

Georgia is the last of the original 13 British colonies in America that began functioning in 1732. James Edward Oglethorpe received a special permit for this from King George II. Oglethorpe desired to provide a home for struggling English citizens. Additionally, the purpose of this new colony was to defend the northern territories from southern French and Spanish invasions. The first English colonists arrived in what would become Savannah in February 1733. With funding from the British Parliament, a board of trustees ran the colony for the following 20 years.

3) Rhode Island

Around 1620, a few Europeans began to settle on the territory that would eventually become Rhode Island, but it was not until 1636 that a formal municipality was founded. Rhode Island has become a destination for those seeking religious freedom. Anne Hutchinson, who was also expelled from Massachusetts due to her religious convictions, contributed to the founding of Portsmouth in 1638. In 1663, a charter was officially granted to Rhode Island and the Providence Plantations. This charter guaranteed Rhode Islanders complete religious freedom, which was unusual then. Later, the U.S. Constitution adopted this concept as a critical provision.

Rhode Island was the last of the 13 colonies to ratify the U.S. Constitution, despite being one of the first to seek independence from Britain and support the American Revolution. In 1790, it finally achieved statehood.

4) New York

New York was situated on North America's northeastern shore. The Province of New York was first a British proprietary colony before transitioning to a royal colony between 1664 and 1776. It was given the name in honor of the Duke of York after it was once the Dutch province of New Netherland and was granted to England during the Second Dutch-Anglo War. It was a crucial battleground during the Revolutionary War. The last British troops' departure from New York and the arrival of General George Washington's troops there in 1783 sparked a grand parade and celebration. Albany, New York hosted the Albany Congress in 1754 to aid in bringing the colonies together in defense against the Iroquois Confederacy. New York was the eleventh colony to ratify the US Constitution.

5) Delaware

The Dutch and the Swedes were the first Europeans to settle in Delaware in the 1630s. The Dutch took over the territory from the Swedish in 1655, and the English eventually acquired Delaware in 1664 after conquering the Dutch. Then, Delaware developed into an independent colony. In 1701, Delaware was after that administered as a part of Pennsylvania. The two colonies did have a common governor up until 1776 when Delaware's assembly decided to cut all connections with Great Britain and Pennsylvania. The Constitution was ratified and adopted by Delaware as the first state in 1787.

6) Maryland

Maryland, originally established in 1632 as a haven for English Catholics escaping anti-Catholic persecution in Europe, the Province of Maryland is also referred to as the Maryland Colony. As a devout Catholic, the first Lord Baltimore saw the Maryland Colony as a haven for religious liberty for English citizens. In addition, he wanted to found the colony for financial benefit. Honoring Henrietta Maria, Queen Consort of Charles I, the new colony was named Maryland. Maryland joined the other 13 American colonies in a revolution against England in 1776. The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783, officially ending the American Revolution. Maryland ratified the US Constitution in 1788.

7) New Hampshire

New Hampshire colony was founded in 1623, New Hampshire was one of the thirteen original colonies of the United States. Captain John Mason received a grant of land in the New World, and he named the settlement after his native Hampshire County, England. Before the colony of New Hampshire proclaimed its independence, control of the colony was divided multiple times. It was a Royal Province until the Massachusetts Bay Colony claimed it in 1641, at which point it was renamed the Upper Province of Massachusetts. New Hampshire reverted to being a Royal Province in 1680, but this only lasted until 1688, when it was once more incorporated into Massachusetts. In 1741, New Hampshire reclaimed its independence from Massachusetts rather than England. New Hampshire ratified the US Constitution in 1788.

8) Massachusetts

Massachusetts Bay Colony, also known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, was settled in 1630 by a group of Puritans from England under the leadership of Governor John Winthrop. Boston was designated as the Massachusetts Bay Colony's capital in 1632. English Puritans had joined Blackstone and Winthrop in their new colony by 1640. The Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Province of Maine, the Plymouth Colony, Martha's Vineyard, Nova Scotia, Nantucket, and New Brunswick are all descended from the Massachusetts Commonwealth and were all included in the charter that was adopted on May 14, 1692. While Nova Scotia and New Brunswick remained colonies until 1697, they eventually became provinces of Canada. Massachusetts ratified the US Constitution in 1788.

9) Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania colony received the first settlers as early as 1647. They lived near the Delaware River and came from countries including Sweden, England, and the Netherlands. Later in March 1681, things began to change when William Penn, a Quaker, received special authorization from King Charles II. They established guidelines for how the colony should be administered in 1682. The first German settlers arrived in Pennsylvania in 1683 and verified Germantown, which is close to Philadelphia. Philadelphia's Quakers, Scotch-Irish residents along the western border, and several German communities comprised the bulk of Pennsylvania's population.

Pennsylvania was ruled by the Penn family until the American Revolution, at which point it became a separate state. Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the United States Constitution in 1787.

10) New Jersey

The colony of New Jersey was founded in 1664, when the Duke of York, the future King James II, gave the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to two loyal followers, Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley, although it had been inhabited by Europeans since the 1640s. Lord Berkeley sold his proprietorship to some Quakers in 1674. Carteret agreed to divide the territory so that those who purchased Berkeley's proprietorship got West Jersey and his heirs got East Jersey.

The crown united East and West Jersey into a single colony with an elected assembly in 1702. Several major battles took place in New Jersey territory during the American Revolution. The Battle of Princeton, the Battle of Trenton, and the Battle of Monmouth were among these battles. New Jersey ratified the US Constitution in 1787.

11) North Carolina

The province of North Carolina was a British colony that lasted from 1712 to 1776 in today's United States. It was one of the five colonies in the South colonies in the US. The Governor of North Carolina served as the monarch of Great Britain's agent in the colonies until July 4, 1776, when the colonies proclaimed their independence. Charles handed them the territory when he came back to the throne in 1660 in return for their assistance. North Carolina was included among these assisstances, either in full or in part.

The governor and his council made up the executive branch, and the House of Burgesses was the name of the legislative body. The majority of the English population lived in the region as indentured slaves before the Revolution, having arrived mostly in the 17th and 18th centuries. Before the Revolutionary War, North Carolina was the British colony in North America that was growing the fastest. North Carolina ratified the US Constitution in 1789.

12) South Carolina

South Carolina was one of the original 13 colonies founded in 1663 established by the British. It was one of the Southern Colonies, along with North Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, and Maryland, and was formed by eight aristocrats with a royal charter from King Charles II. After South Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1719, it separated from North Carolina. The southern region of the colony was home to the majority of the settlements. The Fundamental Constitution of Carolina established the colonial administration. It promoted large-scale land ownership, which ultimately resulted in the plantation system. Religious freedom was well-known in the colony. It was the eighth state to ratify the US Constitution.

13) Virginia

Jamestown, the first permanent settlement established by Great Britain in North America in 1607, served as the foundation for the Virginia Colony. Since the end of the French and Indian War, Virginia has fought against what they perceived to be British rule. The 1764 Sugar Act was opposed by the General Assembly of Virginia. They claimed it as taxation without representation. Furthermore, Virginian Patrick Henry utilized his rhetorical skills to refute the Stamp Act of 1765, which led to the passage of anti-Stamp legislation. Important people including Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and Thomas Jefferson established a Committee of Correspondence in Virginia. Virginia ratified the US Constitution in 1788.

The Importance of 13 Colonies- Government

Although British colonists did not arrive in the American colonies with the goal of establishing a democratic government. They succeeded in doing so by rejecting the land-owning aristocracy, which resulted in a large electorate and a pattern of free and regular elections that valued voter involvement. Colonies established assemblies and councils to exercise local government. Britain made internal decisions about elements like taxes and voting instead of external ones. Voting and standing for election were restricted to propertied freedmen.

Conclusion

The tensions between Britain and the Thirteen Colonies increased by the 1750s. The colonies started working together rather than negotiating with Britain directly. Britain acquired a massive war debt following the conflict, which had an impact on many of its policies throughout the following years. Conflict with colonists resulted directly from attempts to raise money by imposing tax laws, changing colonial administration, and sending troops to America. American-British administration ties had become tense and contentious by the middle of the 1770s. Meanwhile, a feeling of common American identity was fostered via intercolonial activities.

The American Revolution resulted from grievances with the British government. The colonies collaborated in creating the Continental Congress. In the American Revolutionary War (1775-83), France, the Dutch Republic, and Spain provided support to the colonists.

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The Thirteen Original Colonies left behind a legacy that inspires and reminds us of the value of diversity, unity, and the unwavering pursuit of a more ideal union. Best Diplomats is an international diplomatic organization. They organize diplomatic conferences worldwide in different countries including Turkey, Dubai, and Malaysia. They provide opportunities for youth to participate in diplomatic activities worldwide.
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The Origin Of The USA: The 13 Original Colonies

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The Thirteen Colonies are fundamental strands in the foundation of American history, bound together by common goals, compassion, and a strong sense of freedom.