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Gender relations - Mostly men in the colonies, and women were considered legal property of their husbands.

Class relations - People didn’t have the ability to climb in class, as rich and poor were drastically different.

Race relations - Enslaving the Native Americans, while also bringing slaves from Africa, the Colonists looked at them as inferior to their race. By bringing disease to the Americas, colonists severely lowered the population of natives.

Peopling - Settled on the east coast of the continent, with easy access to ports and exports to Britain.

Political Power - The Encomienda system was controlled by the Catholic Church of the Spanish Monarchy.

America in the World - The colonies were part of the Spanish Empire, meaning that they were not yet their own country.

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Gender relations - Women had no separate rights, as they were still property of their husband. Expectations fell on the to take care of the house and the children, nowhere in the outside world. Meant to be seen, not heard.

Class relations - The Rich had farm land, tended to by many slaves, and servants. The Poor had small farms similarly tended by few slaves. The classes were very far separated, and the poor were still looked down upon.

Race relations - Colonists continue to push the Native Americans out of their religious lands, while still treating slaves as animals, not humans.

Peopling - Colonists came from Eastern Europe, and began a farming culture on the colonies rich soil.

Political Power - The crown selected the legislative structure appointing the government, while the lower house was chosen by landowners, and the governors represented the ideas and voice of the Crown.

America in the World - The British colonies could only trade with Britain after tax acts put in place by the monarchy, while internal trade was limited.

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1492 - Columbus discovered America

1500s - Columbian exchange

1500s to 1600s - Encomienda system

1607 - Jamestown

1630 - Massachusetts Bay Colony

1675 to 1676 - Metacom's War

1676 - Bacon's Rebellion

1682 - Salem Witch Trials

1739 - Stono Rebellion

1754 - Start of French Indian War

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The trade of ideas, goods, illness, and religion between the old and new worlds. By bringing goods such as tobacco and horses, the lifestyles of the Native Americans changed forever, in such a way that they never returned to the old way of life.

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The idea of questioning divine right, the monarchy and rulers decisions. People begin feeling unsatisfied with the rulers and acquire bitter feelings towards the monarchy.

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Mercantilism was utilized to bring goods and people to the American Colonies. The colonies produced raw material goods to be shipped back to Europe to then be traded for slaves in Africa. These slaves would then be sent to America to work producing the raw materials. And so the cycle continues.

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Taxes from Britain prevented colonies from trading with other countries, leading them to illegally trade with external countries. Colonists were unhappy with rulings by the king, as he was uncaring and cruel to the needs of the colonists.

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A caste system utilized by Spanish colonies to control the natives. Spanish born in Spain/ Spanish born in colonies/ Mixed race/ Natives and Slaves

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Gender relations - Republican Motherhood was the idea that women educated the children in their homes, therefore earning an education themselves. Men still owned the women as their property.

Class relations - Class power was drastically different, with the rich having more power than the poor in political and economic matters.

Race relations - The colonists continue to expand and push the native Americans out of their lands, and the enslaved peoples were offered freedom if they chose to fight against the colonists and for the British in the revolution.

Peopling - Western Europeans continue to immigrate to the colonies, while the population shifts to being born in the colonies.

Political Power - The British monarchy controlled the political system until the Declaration of Independence reached Britain. From there on out, the government was a democratic system.

America in the World - The newly victorious country was seen as powerful in the eyes of other countries, as they had just defeated the most powerful country in the world.

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1763 - French Indian war ends

1770 - Boston Massacre

1774 - Intolerable and Coercive Acts

1775 - Common Sense

1776 - Declaration of Independence

1770 to 1790 - Articles of Confederation

1783 - End of American Revolution

1787 - Shays Rebellion

1790 - Constitution Ratified

1800 - Election of Thomas Jefferson

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Written by Thomas Paine, it is one of the major reasons that the Revolutionary War began and why the AOC were written. It was intended for the common people to see how they can defend against the British and start their own country. This gave the founding fathers the support they needed from the public to create the Articles of Confederation.

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Through these articles, the founding fathers stated that the monarchy was hurting the colonies by not listening to their demands, which in turn, impacted Britain poorly. By seceding from the British Empire, it led to the Revolutionary War.

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The founding fathers and leaders of the new American colonies realized quickly that the Articles of Confederation were insufficient for building a county. The Constitutional Convention met in 1787 to rework the documents of the AOC into a more cohesive Constitution to build and strengthen the country.

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The Bill of Rights is a document that was written to state the rights of American citizens. It was created in resistance to the anti-federalists who resisted against a strong central government for the new America.

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Population in the Southern compared to the Northern colonies was mainly slaves. This meant that overall voting by population went to the northern states due to the higher concentration of people seen as citizens. Due to this, the Southern Democrats didn’t feel their voice was heard. This led to 3 of every 5 slaves being counted towards population numbers for representation in the government and taxes.

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Gender relations - Women began to enter the workforce and do jobs outside of their ‘domestic sphere’ which promoted women’s rights movements leading to Seneca Falls.

Class relations - The Southern social hierarchy and the Code of Honor created racial tension between the North and South on their opposing views leading towards the Civil War.

Race relations - The Cotton Gin was made with the rise in slavery leading towards abolitionism, while the Indian Removal Acts forcefully removed natives from their religious lands.

Peopling - Transportation allowed new ways for people to connect from the North to the South, making transportation of goods in higher demand.

Political Power - A new Democratic political party called the Whigs, opposing Andrew Jackson.

America in the World - The war of 1812 led to the US economic system that is the early version of what is used today, with commerce being traded between the South and North.

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1793 - Cotton Gin invented

1800 - Thomas Jefferson elected

1803 - Louisiana Purchase

1804 - Lewis & Clark

1804 - Marbury v. Madison

1812 to 1815 - War of 1812

1820 - Missouri Compromise

1830 - Indian Removal Act

1833 - American Anti-Slavery Society

1848 - Seneca Falls Convention

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France and Britain are involved in the war, while the US relies on both of the foreign countries for trade of goods. The US got involved in the war, coming out victorious, establishing America as a world power. However, this led many to believe that the US would begin to become self-sufficient as an economy and begin to expand west.

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This led people to find the light in Christian religion, spreading ideas by word of mouth about Christianity. Beliefs that America needs to become a place that Jesus would want to come to. With these beliefs, people begin to realize the injustice in society like women's rights and slavery.

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The invention of this machine allowed for faster picking of cotton in the South, producing more cotton in shorter time periods, therefore creating a more profitable cotton market. By the new method of farming, the need for slaves increased on cotton plantations.

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Women began working in textile factories, such as the Lowell Mills, creating horizontal allegiances leading to women’s rights movements sparked by the Seneca Falls Convention. At the convention, the women’s movement wrote the Declaration of Sentiments but people against this movement didn’t agree with women working outside of the Doctrine of Separate Spheres.

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The Supreme Court case established judicial review, meaning that the Senate can decide if rulings are unconstitutional. This empowered the central government and judicial system.

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Gender relations - women began to gain more rights, but husbands or fathers still owned the women like property.

Class relations - During the Civil War the Confederate Army was run by rich men but fought by the poor men of society.

Race relations - The 13th,14th, and 15th Amendments abolish and ban slavery, but not the slave trade. These amendments also gave citizenship to former slaves, while also protecting against race discrimination. The Klu Klux Klan violently disagreed with these laws, going against the government.

Peopling - German and Irish immigrants began coming to the US, leading people to start the No Nothing Party and the nativist party, opposing immigration.

Political power - Three different reconstruction plans were put into action, Lincoln’s 10% plan, Johnson’s plan, and Radical Reconstruction

America in the world - The Mexican American War led to the US gaining Texas as a territory from Spanish control.

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1846 to 1848 - Mexican American War

1848 - Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

1849 - California gold rush

1850 - Compromise of 1850

1854 - Kansas-Nebraska Act

1857 - Dred Scott case

1860 - Abraham Lincoln elected

1861 to 1865 - Civil war

1865 to 1870 - 13th,14th, and 15th Amendments

1877 - Compromise of 1877

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After being freed from slavery, Scott and his wife sue for their freedom in a free state. In the Supreme Court, the decision was that slaves aren’t citizens and African Americans do not have the same rights as Americans, leading to the Fugitive Slave Act.

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California is annexed as a new territory, while also banning leave trade in Washington DC. This also amended the Fugitive Slave Act, which required Northerners to turn in any possible runaway slaves.

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The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, while the 14th granted any person born in the US citizenship and legal protection. The 15th amendment gave any African American male the right to vote.

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The Mexican American war, it gave the land that is now Texas to the US. This caused discrepancies with Mexico, as the treaty was for more land than was bargained for in the war.

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Pulling troops out of the Texas territory officially ended the war in the South against Mexico, along with ending reconstruction.

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Gender relations - As women were continuing to work in factories, they were struggling for equality in the workplace and society.

Class relations - The upper class was donating money through the idea of the Gospel of Wealth to the contribution of public buildings.

Race relations- - Social inequality against Native Americans grew, as did the idea of Social Darwinism being that some people evolved to be higher in society than others.

Peopling - Immigration from China is restricted for 10 years after 1882, leading to a slightly less diverse makeup of the country.

Political power - Political machines and bosses take control of the growing American economy through monopolies and other corrupt means.

America in the world - Working and living opportunities are published in Europe to encourage European immigration to the supposed betterment of lifestyle.

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1862 - Homestead Act

1864 - Sand Creek Massacre

1869 - Transcontinental railroad

1872 - Credit Mobilier

1876 - Battle of Little Bighorn

1882 - Chinese Exclusion Act

1887 - Dawes Act

1889 - Gospel of Wealth

1890 - Wounded Knee

1896 - Plessy v Furguson

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This Act offered 160 acres of land to influence citizens in large cities to continue westward expansion, moving more Natives out of their religious lands. People migrating west meant a higher need for transportation of goods and people, leading to the construction of the transcontinental railroad.

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Meaning hands off, the government didn’t play a part in the economy and business is decided through supply and demand by the companies.

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The time period is known as the Gilded Age because of the rapid growth of the economy and corporations in the US. With class inequality so vast, it created an interesting economy with working class and political bosses.

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Workers unions were organized to gain equality and strive for better working conditions. Being forced to work for an average of 60 hours a week, living in a company town where prices of goods are driven upwards for the profit of the company.

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This philosophy evolved from Darwin's theory of evolution and survival of the fittest, leading the most highly evolved people to lead corporations. This idealism led to class divisions and further racial division in society.

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Gender relations - Progressive reformers and suffragettes fought for the 19th amendment, giving women the right to vote. Social norms were reestablished that women are able to work in the workplace, set by a standard of Rosie the Riveter during WWII.

Class relations - Programs set in place by FDR such as the New Deal helped to make life easier for a living lifestyle during the Great Depression. Many progressives were part of the middle class, representing the lower class, but not so much the upper class.

Race relations - Jim Crow laws are challenged by the uprising of the Harlem Renaissance and the South showing culture and art. The KKK, Chinese internment camps, and immigration restrictions continued to hide minorities from the Americans.

Peopling - After the WWII Great Migration, and urban sprawl over the country, less people lived in farmland, closer to large cities containing more resources.

Political power - Progressives began giving power back to the central government along with the New Deal. Laissez Faire was dead to the country and no longer the standing component of the economy.

America in the World - US imperialism led them into conflicts with other countries, and their own country. Many people believed problems inside the US should be fixed, not gaining more problems by annexing new countries, leading to the Cold War.

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1898 - Spanish American War

1898 - Annexation of Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines

1898 to 1901 - Philippine American War

1898 to 1917 - Progressive Era

1899 - Open Door Policy in China

1901 to 1909 - Big Stick Policy

1914 to 1918 - World War I

1929 to 1941 - Great Depression

1932 - Franklin D. Roosevelt Elected

1939 - Beginning of WWII

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Educated middle class Americans began political movements in response to the problems in the growth of the economy and industry. They worked towards the government stepping up to take more control of society.

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Preservation was the idea to leave the land of America untouched with the creation of National Parks, while conservation was to use the land to the benefit of the people to utilize however they wanted, National Forests.

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These laws enforced the segregation of race in society, with different drinking fountains, buses, segregated schools, etc. This led to many uprisings in both communities against one another, leading to Plessy v Ferguson.

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This banned the sale, manufacturing, and consumption of alcoholic beverages due to ideas that alcohol led to crime uprisings. The 18th Amendment gave federal and state governments to enforce this prohibition, giving federal police increased power in society.

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The idea that the government should artificially create buying power in the economy to employ more people in corporations. Companies produce items, and they pay people who buy the items. It also works the other way around, don't pay people, and people don't buy items. This leads to national debt because the government collects the revenue.

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Gender relations - The women’s right movement moved forward with Roe v Wade and the equal rights amendments giving women more equal rights.

Class relations - Middle class families began moving into more suburban areas with the television being a prominent part of society.

Race relations - The Civil Rights movement was receiving a lot of protesting against desegregation of society and schools.

Peopling - Along with the Baby Boom came many new immigrants, and families were beginning to spend more time together.

Political power - The government feared being weak in the face of communist growth in the federal government.

America in the World - The Cold War and Containment converted America from isolationism to interventionist, in search of more power and wealth.

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1953 - End of Korean War

1954 - Brown v Board of Education

1955 - Montgomery Bus Boycott

1957 - Little Rock 9

1961 - Freedom Rides

1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis

1964 - Malcolm X for Black Nationalism

1969 - Woodstock Music Festival

1972 - Watergate Break-in

1975 - Withdraw of American troops from Vietnam

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The Cuban Missile Crisis was important because it grew the concept of anger in the Americans which meant that both the Soviet Union and the U.S. decided not to use nuclear weapons to protect from universal destruction of the world. Mutually assured destruction.

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The idea of containing communism from spreading which was the whole basis of the presidents’ reactions to the Red Scare. All the wars were preventing the spread of communism in America and across the world.

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This Supreme Court case desegregated schools and was the running start the country needed to total desegregation.

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The Red Scare was important because it refueled ideas of communism in the US, leading the belief that if a person did something that a communist would do, then they are a complete communist.

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This was important because it brought attention to the issues through the television highlighting different problems throughout the country. Events such as boycotts and sit ins were broadcast throughout the country leading to faster change of issues.