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Begins with a physician’s exam and blood testing.

Muscle biopsy is a reliable instrument in the diagnosis of PM in close to 85% of the patients.

Patient presents high levels of muscle enzyme.

Creatine kinase levels are usually very high.

(Milisenda et al., 2014)

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Treated with high doses of corticosteroids (first course of treatment).

Immunosuppressive medications are considered methotrexate, cyclosporine, mycophenolate, and rituximab.

In severe cases of PM, intravenous infusion of immunoglobulins (IVIG) has been an effective treatment.

Physical therapy is important for treatment purposes.

(Milisenda et al., 2014)

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https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis-myositis/id1441247484?i=1000451406893

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In this episode I cover polymyositis and dermatomyositis.If you want to follow along with written notes on polymyositis and dermatomyositis go to https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/rheumatology/myositis/ or the rheumatology section in the Zero to Finals medicine book.This episode covers the definitions, associations, complications, features, diagnosis and management of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. The audio in the episode was expertly edited by Harry Watchman.

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the zero to finals medical revision podcast

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‎The Zero to Finals Medical Revision Podcast: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis (Myositis) on Apple Podcasts

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In this episode I cover polymyositis and dermatomyositis.If you want to follow along with written notes on polymyositis and dermatomyositis go to https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/rheumatology/myositis/ or the rheumatology section in the Zero to Finals medicine book.This episode covers the definitio...

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The patient presented with muscle weakness following exposure to cold water. After a physical examination, it was determined that the patient suffered from muscle tenderness in the shoulders and calves, and muscle weakness in the neck and lower limbs. After careful consideration the physician decided to perform a muscle biopsy to confirm Polymyositis. As a group we think that the patient management was adequate regarding the severity of the situation, and the treatment was within standard of care for this type of condition. However, a muscle biopsy is a very invasive procedure, there can be other ways to properly diagnose the condition, without taking such drastic measure, a blood test could be an example.

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Polymyositis (PM) is most commonly found in people over the age of 20 and affects more women than men. PM is characterized by chronic muscle inflammation and weakness. As with other types of myositis, there is no known cause or cure for polymyositis. Although there is not currently a cure, there are treatments that have seen success in managing symptoms.

Polymyositis Signs and Symptoms

The following are the most common signs and symptoms of polymyositis:

Marked weakness in the muscles closest to the center of the body, like the forearms, thighs, hips, shoulders, neck, and back

Sometimes, weakness in the fingers and toes

Falling and difficulty getting up from a fall

Chronic dry cough

Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

Muscle Weakness

Muscle weakness usually happens over days, weeks, or months. It can affect your ability to walk, run, and lift yourself up after a fall. The weakness typically begins with muscles closest to and within the trunk of the body, such as the muscles of the neck, hips, back, and shoulders.

For some, that weakness then spreads to other parts of the body. Polymyositis can affect muscles all over the body, and some patients will feel weakness in muscles far from the trunk, often in the hands and fingers. Other PM patients may also experience muscle pain, breathing problems, and trouble swallowing as the muscles in the digestive tract and chest wall can also be affected.

If you're experiencing any of these polymyositis symptoms, we'd encourage you to talk to your doctor to begin the diagnosis process, which often includes a muscle biopsy to distinguish the muscle weakness from other muscular disorders. Since polymyositis is a rare disease, many physicians may not be familiar with the signs and symptoms. If you're struggling to find an accurate diagnosis, visiting a specialist can help.

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Polymyositis (PM) is most commonly found in people over the age of 20 and affects more women than men. PM is characterized by chronic muscle inflammation and weakness. As with other types of myositis, there is no known cause or cure for polymyositis.

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A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of progressive muscular weakness. She has had difficulty climbing stairs, getting up from chairs, and brushing her hair. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Muscle strength is 2/5 with flexion of the hips and 3/5 with abduction of the shoulders. She is unable to stand up from her chair without the use of her arms for support. Laboratory studies show elevations in leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and creatine kinase concentration. Histological evaluation of a biopsy specimen of the deltoid muscle is most likely to show which of the following?

A. Sarcolemmal MHC-I overexpression with CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration

Histological examination of skeletal muscles affected by polymyositis typically shows endomysial infiltration of CD8+ T cells and macrophages, with areas of muscle necrosis and regeneration of muscle fibers. In addition, overexpression of MHC-I on the sarcolemma is an immunohistochemical finding that is classic for polymyositis. Muscle atrophy is not a prominent feature of this disorder, in contrast to dermatomyositis. Polymyositis is associated with positive ANA (30–60% of cases), positive anti-Jo-1 (25% of cases), and malignancy (15–20% of cases).

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

GIVE FEEDBACK

B. Sarcoplasmic rimmed vacuoles with CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration

C. Relative atrophy of type II muscle fibers with hypertrophy of type I muscle fiber

D. Perimysial inflammation with perivascular CD4+ T lymphocytic infiltration

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Melanie Nicole Stone 5007572

Claudia S. De León Jusino 5015296

Carla M. Denton Ortiz 5009109

Alejandra Jimenez 5007596