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Deception- ps should not have information withheld from them or falsely ive to them

Consent- ps should be informed about the research and ive their permission to participate in it

Confidentiality-information about the ps have to be treated confidentially

Observation- when observing covertly, it should be done only in public place

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Withdrawal- ps should be allowed to drop out the study at any time

Protection- ps should be protected from psychological and physical harm

Advice- ps should be offered advice if needed during or after a study.

Debrief- ps should be always have a debrief after the study to undersantd the full research aim. Advice and a way to contact the research might be here.

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Independent measures- ps only take part in one condition of the experiment

Repeated measures- ps take part in both conditions of the experiment

Matched pairs- pairs participants with similar characteristics complete just one condition each to control individual differences

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Quasi- the IV is naturally occuring

Field- the IV is manipulated but the study is conducted in a natural environment

Lab- the environment is controlled and the IV is manipulated

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what the researcher changes in order to see an effect on someting that they are measuring

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the variable that the researcher measure with the IV's.

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Extraneous variables- a variable other than the IV that could affect the Dv and needs to ne controlled.

Confunding variable- a variable other than the IV wich has actually directly affected the Dv by mistake

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There will be a significant difference in (Dv) of participants when (C1) is compared to (C2).

NULL

There will be no significant difference in (Dv) of participants when (C1) is compared to (C2).

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se lembrar de dar contexto máximo sempre. Tempo do estudo, local, nome

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Two tailed é confuso, não se sabe exatamente do que se trata.

One tailed é mais específico.

One tailed- The (DV) will be a significantly xxxxxx in (C1) when compared to (C2).

xxxxx- higher, more, lower, longer, more effective- O QUE DE DIFERENTE

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IM-

Strength- no chance of order effect

less chance of PS working out the aim and changing their behaviour

Weakness- more PS, individual differences

RM-

Strength- no individual differences

fewer PS may be needed

Weakness- risk of order effects more chance of demand characteristics

MP-

Strength- no order effects

individual differences are reduced

less chance of demand characteristics

Weakness- less chance of demand characteristics, researcher may need more PS

less chance of demand characteristics

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Laboratory (Lab)

Strengths:

High control; Easy to replicate;

Clear and easy to manipulate

Weaknesses:

Low Ecological Validity; High risk of Demand Characteristics

Field

Strengths:

High Ecological Validity; less Demand Characteristics

Weaknesses:

Less control over extraneous variables; more difficult to replicate; time-consuming and expensive.

Quasi-

Strengths:

Allows researchers to study IVs that can't be manipulated; Higher Ecological Validity than a Lab experiment

Weaknesses:

Pre-existing Participant Variables act as confounding factors; it's difficult to establish a definitive cause-and-effect.