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Gardenmint/ Lamb Mint/ Common Mint

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Mentha Spicata

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Spearmint can adapt to survive in different types of soil. It can grow in both sand and clay and is commonly found in wet habitats, such as swamps and creeks. It thrives in full sun to part shade with a lot of organic material surrounding it.

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Spearmint is a producer in the foodchain and is eatten by insects like caterpillors and slugs.

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This species is mainly native to Europe and Asia but has been brought to North America, South America, Africa, and oceanic islands.

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Red Twig Dogwood/ Redstem Dogwood

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Cornus sericea

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Red Osier Dogwood typically grows along the borders of wetlands, such as lakes, ponds, and streams. It prefers to grow in nitrogen-rich soil in sun or shade.

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Red Osier Dogwood produces clusters of white berries that attract birds, such as robins and Cardinals. The plant is susceptible to pollination by insects like butterflies. Bigger mammals such as bears, raccoons, chipmunks, deer, rabbits, and moose eat Dogwood's berries.

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Red-Osier Dogwood is a certain type of flowering plant in the family Cornaceae that is found in North America, specifically northern and western states.

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Tall Goldenrod/ Rough Goldenrod

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Euthamia graminifolia

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Goldenrod grows in meadows, fields, shores of rivers and lakes, and edges of wetlands. It specifically grows in moist habitats but sometimes in dry areas.

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Goldenrod is a tremendous producer of pollen and nectar that provides nutrients to bees, wasps, butterflies, moths, and various insects. The plant would be classified as a producer within the food chain.

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Joe-Pye/ Spotted Trumpetweed/ Queen of the Meadow

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Eutrochium maculatum

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Spotted Joe-Pye Weed prefers to grow in full sunlight and wet conditions like marshes or open, moist clearings. The plant is overall low maintenance and not likely to attract pests or diseases.

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Joe-Pye serves as a producer because of the flowers it produces that give nectar to bees, moths, and butterflies. Small bird species like the Swamp Sparrow eat the plant's seeds.

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Spotted Joe-Pye can be found throughout Canada and North America specifcally the North east. It can also be found more sporadically in some European countries.

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Flat-topped Goldenrod is common throughout the U.S. and Canada, specifically in the New England States.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearmint

https://www.inaturalist.org/

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Dzivula Gube
Marine Conservationist & Underwater Photographer, Kenya

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iNaturalist is a social network for naturalists! Record your observations of plants and animals,
share them with friends and researchers, and learn about the natural world.

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https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app

https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/plantguide/pdf/pg_cose16.pdf

https://naturalresources.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/red_osier_dogwood.html

https://fpdcc.com/plant-profile-red-osier-dogwood/

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Red-osier dogwood | The Morton Arboretum

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Besides attractive, red stems in the winter, red-osier dogwood has yellowish-white flowers that appear in late May to early June, and bluish-white fruit borne in late summer.

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https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app

https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/factsheet/pdf/fs_soca6.pdf

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Denise D’Aurora Master Gardener, Crawford County

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General information about goldenrod and how the genus supports pollinators and beneficial insects.

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https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/drive-by-botany-joe-pye-weed-and-ironweed

https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app

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Spotted Joe Pye weed | The Morton Arboretum

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When looking for a large, low-maintenance summer perennial for a cottage, native, pollinator, or butterfly garden, spotted Joe Pye weed may be the right selection. Pinkish-purple flowers top tall stems with whorls of narrow leaves.

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Great Lobelia/ Blue Cardinal Flower

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Lobelia Siphilitica

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The Great Blue Lobelia grows best in partial sun and in moist to wet soil. It thrives in rich, humusy, loamy soil that can withstand full sun if it is moist enough.

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This plant gives nectar to bees, large butterflies, hummingbirds, and hummingbird moths. Great Blue Lobelia specifically attracts monarch butterflies, the Lobelia dagger Moth, digger bees, small Carpenter bees, Eastern Tiger Swallowtail butterflies, etc.

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The Great Blue Lobelia is native to Canada and the eastern United States.

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https://www.gardenia.net/plant/lobelia-siphilitica-great-blue-lobelia

https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lobelia-siphilitica/#:~:text=It%20prefers%20wet%20to%20moist,been%20known%20to%20self%2Dseed.

https://growitbuildit.com/blue-lobelia-siphilitica/

https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app

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A native Wisconsin wildflower, Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica) blooms in late summer with bright blue flowers on tall spikes that attract hum…

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Largetooth Aspen/ Popular/ Popple

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Populus grandidentata

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Bigtooth Aspen grows with moist soil, full sun, and high watering. The tree can't tolerate shade and flooding, but doesn't have a preference for soil conditions, as it can usually grow regardless. The tree invades clearings and quickly reproduces.

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Bigtooth Aspen attracts a variety of birds, butterflies, and animals, serving as a producer within the food chain. The mammals that eat bigtooth's root sprouts include deer, elk, moose, etc, but these animals feeding on Aspen actually decrease the plant's spread. Additionally, the plant is a host to Eastern Tiger Swallowtail and Viceroy caterpillars.

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Bigtooth aspen can be found in the northeastern and north-central United States as well as Southeastern Canada. Within Canada, the largest amount of Bigtooth Aspen is found in southwestern Quebec and southeastern Ontario.

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https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=POGR4

https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/populus/grandidentata.htm

https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app

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Bigtooth Aspen is a very fast-growing Wisconsin native tree. It’s an early colonizer of prairies and woodland edges but prefers dry sites.

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Frost Grape/ Wild Grape

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Vitis Riparia

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Riverbank Grape likes well-drained and sandy soil, but can tolerate most kinds. This plant prefers moist conditions and partial to full sun to grow. Riverbank Grape can be found alongside water like rivers or lake shorelines aswell as forests.

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The flowers that bloom from the Riverbank Grape are pollinated by bees. The plant's berries are eaten by birds and small mammals. The fruit is edible for humans, so it can be eaten raw, dried, or turned into jelly.

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The plant is indigenous to the entire eastern half of North America and central and eastern Canada. It can be found all the way from Quebec to Texas.

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https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/vitis-riparia/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis_riparia

https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app

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Scientific name

Vitis riparia

Description

Riverbank Grape is a hardy, woody vine species that can grow up to 15 m if it has a tall structure to support it. This plant may also be know by the common names Wild Grape or Frost Grape. The main stem of this species is reddish brown and bark appears shedding. The leaves are large, dark to yellow green colored, alternately arranged, palmately lobed, and have coarsely toothed margins. The Riverbank Grape produces small, fragrant, white-green flowers that bloom along the vine between May and June. These flowers produce light green berries that appear in spike clusters, which ripen to become dark blue or purple. The flowers are beneficial to pollinator species, like bees and butterflies. The fruit is beneficial to wildlife species, like birds and small mammals. This plant can grow aggressively so should be planted where it has plenty of space to spread. Some shoreline landowners choose to plant this around rip rap/loose stone retaining walls for a more natural appearance. The root system is beneficial for quickly controlling erosion.

Planting conditions

Riverbank Grape grows best in normal to moist conditions with full or partial sun exposure. It prefers well-drained loam or sandy soil but is tolerant to a range of soil types. It is tolerant to periodically flooded areas and shade. This vine can be naturally found in moist, open forests and along river or lake shorelines.

Details

Plant height:

Moisture level:

Light conditions:

Full sun

Partial sun

Shade

Soil type:

pH:

Depth:

Eco Zone:

Plant type:

Height:

Spread:

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Vitis riparia Riverbank Grape is a hardy, woody vine species that can grow up to 15 m if it has a tall structure to support it. This plant may also be know by the common names Wild Grape or Frost Grape. The main stem of this species is reddish brown and bark appears shedding.

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Dogbane/ American hemp/ Indian physic

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Apocynum Cannabinum

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Hemp Dogbane grows in fields, woodlands, prairies, and along the margins of rivers, swamps, streams, lakes, and ponds. It grows in moist habitats and prefers a gravelly soil.

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The leaves of the Hemp Dogbane contain toxins like Cymarin that are poisonous to animals in large quantities. Because of this and the bitter, sticky juice of the plant, most mammals avoid dogbane plants. However, the plant is a pollinator resource to many insects, and the leaves are food for the caterpillars of the hummingbird clearwing moth. It's soil is a stabilizer for the ecosystem because of the dogbane's root system, which prevents erosion.

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This plant is found in large quantities in all New England states such as Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It can also be found in Southern Canada and throughout North America.

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https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/apocynum/cannabinum/

https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app

https://weedguide.cfaes.osu.edu/singlerecord.asp?id=40

https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/hemp_dogbane

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Pale Dogwood/ Swamp Dogwood/ Kinnikinnik

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Cornus Amomum

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Silky Dogwood likes to grow in well-drained, wet, acidic soil and in full sun or partial shade. However, the plant can still grow in full shade. Silky dogwood can be found in moist woodlands and areas near streams, ponds, or lakes.

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Plenty of species feed on the berries Silky Dogwood produces, including 10 species of birds, rabbits, woodchuck, raccoon, wood ducks, and squirrels. The plant provides shelter and habitat for ducks and woodcock within riparian buffers. Silky Dogwood has larval food for butterflies, moths, and other insects. This plant, along with any that are alongside the water, stabilizes the area against floods because it absorbs the water.

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Silky Dogwood is mainly found in Eastern North America. It is found in Canada from Ontario to Quebec and west of the Mississippi River to the borders of Kansas, Nebraska, and some parts of Oklahoma.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornus_amomum

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Sandbar willow/ Coyote Willow

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Salix Interior

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Sandbar Willow likes to grow in partial to full sun with moist/wet conditions. It can tolerate different types of soil as well as temporary standing water. This plant usually grows on the borders of ponds and rivers, gravel and sand bars, lake shore beaches, marshes, ditches, swamps, etc. In summary, it thrives in any sort of wetland environment.

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The Sandbar Willow contributes to the ecosystem by producing flowers that are pollinated by flies and bees. Andrenid bees are a speciality pollinator for willows. Additionally, the flowers attract beetles and wasps. Insects feed on the leaves, bark, wood, sap, and catkins of the plant.

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Interior Sandbar Willow can be found all the way from the edges of the Yukon River in Alaska to the Mississippi River. The plant is native to North America.

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https://naturecollective.org/plant-guide/details/sandbar-willow/

https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/shrub/sandbar-willow

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Description: This shrub has two growth forms: a small tree up to 20′ tall with a trunk up to 6″ across, or a thicket of little-branched woody stems up to 8′ tall. An older tree develops gray flaking bark on its trunk, while the trunk bark of younger trees is gray and more smooth. Woody branches and slender stems are variably colored, but often gray or yellowish-brown and smooth. The alternate leaves are up to 5″ long and 2/5″ (1 cm.) across; they are linear in shape and remotely denticulate along their margins (small distinct teeth that are widely spaced). Mature leaves are usually hairless; their upper surfaces are medium green, while their lower surfaces are pale green. At the base of each leaf, there is a short petiole that is hairless and light green. Sandbar Willow is dioecious: male florets and female florets are produced on separate plants in the form of catkins. Whether male or female, a catkin consists of a raceme of florets that are arranged in a spiraling pseudo-whorl.