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- Indicators: low performance, task avoidance, confusion.
- Evidence: work samples, observation notes, frequency.
- Immediate actions: review attendance/health/background.

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Ever wondered what a semantic organizer was? Or the difference between ELD and ENL? Or perhaps you just want to learn a new word everyday! Find out the definitions of many of the terms related to English language learners (ELLs) in our glossary of frequently used words and phrases.

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- Understand home use of L1 & study routines; start with strengths.
- Guiding questions: When did it begin? At home too? Which language(s)?
- Document: call/email log + home language questionnaire.

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Building Effective Two-Way Communication | Agency of Education

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- L2 strategies: vocabulary scaffolds, sentence frames, visuals/gestures,
written & visual directions, extended time, guided practice.
- Context-rich Spanish activities (images, routines, role-plays).

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Essential components of RTI- a closer look at response to Intervention | MTSS Center. (n.d.-a). https://mtss4success.org/resource/essential-components-rti-closer-look-response-intervention 

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- Tools: per-class observation log, exit tickets, rubrics.
- Look-fors: accuracy, fluency, comprehension, participation.
- Deliverable: simple progress chart + teacher reflection.

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Home | Center on Multi-Tiered Systems of Support

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Since 2007, the MTSS Center has been a national leader in supporting states, districts, and schools across the country in implementing an MTSS framework that integrates data and instruction within a multi-level prevention system to maximize student achievement and support students’ social, emotional…

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E — Decision: Language Need or Possible Disability?

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E — Decision: Language Need or Possible Disability?

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Key Questions:
• Does it appear at school AND at home?
• In BOTH L1 and L2 after supports?
• Does it persist across contexts?
If primarily L2 → go to F. If both languages/contexts → go to H.

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The standards-based curriculum or the intended curriculum is the official or adopted curriculum contained in state or district policy. A body of content knowledge that students are expected to learn based on their participation within the school experience, standards-based curriculum includes broad descriptions of content areas and often specifies performance standards that students are expected[.....]

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- Intensify ESL/L2 supports (small groups: vocabulary/rhyme/phonology; structured practice).
- Assess English proficiency with caution (avoid single-test decisions).

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WIDA Alternate Screener (Alternate Screener) is a pencil-and-paper English language proficiency assessment that is individually administered to new students with the most significant cognitive disabilities in grades K–12. It helps educators identify if students are English learners.Important! Refer to your member/state page for information on when and how to use Alternate Screener in your state.

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Hhawes. (2019, December 5). For families. Colorín Colorado. https://www.colorincolorado.org/families 

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- Maintain/adjust supports based on progress.
- Set next review; continue monitoring.

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As a parent, there are many ways that you can help your child succeed every single day! These bilingual parent resources offer tips on helping your child learn to read, succeed in school, and learn a new language. They also provide information about the U.S. school system and share ideas on how to build a relationship with your child's teacher and school.

In addition, you can find fun reading tips and games, bilingual booklists, ideas for using the public library, and videos of children's authors, illustrators, and musicians. Resources are organized by topic.

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As a parent, there are many ways that you can help your child succeed every single day! These bilingual parent resources offer tips on helping your child learn to read, succeed in school, and learn a new language. They also provide information about the U.S.

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- Criterion/CBM: teacher-made, DRA, DIBELS.
- Norm-referenced: WISC-V, Woodcock–Johnson (Achievement).(Comprehensive assessment solutions for education: Woodcock-Johnson V. Comprehensive Assessment Solutions for Education | Woodcock-Johnson V. (n.d.). https://riversideinsights.com/clinical-assessments/wj-v

)

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Assessments in Education: 7 Types and How to Use Them

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Assessments are a vital tool for teachers to gauge student learning and growth. Testhound is the tool that can help you!

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Individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA). Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. (2025, July 23). https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ 

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- If consistent & significant difficulties → Child Find / MDT evaluation.
- If eligible → IEP: PLOP, measurable goals, services, accommodations.(Kupper, L. (2025, June 27). Great things you’ll find on the CPIR hub. Center for Parent Information and Resources. https://www.parentcenterhub.org/great-things-at-cpir/)

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

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The U.S. Department of Education’s Individuals with Disabilities Education Act website brings together department and grantee IDEA information and resources. The IDEA makes available a free appropriate public education to and ensures special education and related services to eligible children with disabilities.

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Trynia Kaufman, M. (n.d.). 10 tips for a better IEP meeting. Understood. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/iep-meeting-tips 

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J — Implementation in Multilingual learner L2

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J — Implementation in Multilingual learner L2

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- Accommodations: multimodal input, adjusted pacing/steps,
alternative response modes, sustained visuals, semantic organizers,
distributed practice; assistive tech as needed.

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Get tips to help you prepare for your child’s IEP meeting, like what to bring and what to say. Watch this 6-minute video. There are also links to free downloads to help you get organized for IEP meetings.

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- Periodic mini-assessments & progress notes; collaborate with family, SPED, counselor, SLP.
- Review & adjust goals; annual or earlier meeting as needed.

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AAIDD was founded in 1876, making it the oldest inter-disciplinary professional society with a focus on intellectual disability in the world. Since its inception, AAIDD has produced guidelines naming, defining, and diagnosing the condition known today as "intellectual disability."

The first official AAIDD definition and classification manual on intellectual disability was published in 1910 (Committee on Classification of the Feebleminded, 1910), and was the first professional definition that proposed an international terminology and classification system for intellectual disability.

AAIDD has revised its definition and diagnostic criteria as the science and understanding of the condition has evolved over time. The 11th edition of the AAIDD terminology and classification manual was published in 2010 (Schalock et al., 2010).

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AAIDD was founded in 1876, making it the oldest inter-disciplinary professional society with a focus on intellectual disability in the world. Since its inception, AAIDD has produced guidelines naming, defining, and diagnosing the condition known today as "intellectual disability."

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EL = English learner

L1 = First language

L2 = English

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The Stages of Language Acquisition for ELLs | Continental

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Take a deeper look at how the stages of language acquisition for ELLs differ from the stages of first language acquisition.