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Definition: An abrasion is a wound in which the top layer of skin is rubbed/scraped off

Initial Care: Clean gently with mild soap and water, flush out any debris , pat dry, apply an ointment, cover with a bandaid dressing.

Post Care: Change dressing daily. Monitor for signs of infection.

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Definition: a tear or cut in the skin that extends through at least one layer

Initial Care: Control bleeding with direct pressure, clean around the wound gently, soak with clean water, apply pressure and a sterile dressing.

Post Care: Many lacerations require stitches or adhesive strips, depending on depth and location. A tetanus booster may be needed.

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Definition: An incision is a clean, straight cut in the skin made by a sharp instrument

Initial Care: Control bleeding, spray with water, trim away small ragged edges of tissue if necessary, place sterile dressing with gentle pressure.

Post Care: Because incisions generally have clean edges, they often heal well with sutures, staples, or adhesive closures. Monitor for infection.

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Definition: A puncture wound is caused by a sharp, pointed object penetrating the skin on the surface.

Initial Care: Do not enlarge the wound. Control bleeding, clean gently around the opening. If the object is still embedded, do not remove it yourself, stabilize it and seek medical care.

Post Care: antibiotics in some cases, monitor for internal bleeding or infection. Some punctures require surgical exploration.

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Definition: An avulsion is a wound in which the skin or tissue is forcibly detached or torn away

Initial Care: Control bleeding, attempt to preserve the avulsed tissue if possible, cover the wound with a sterile dressing, immobilize, and get urgent medical care.

Post Care: antibiotics and close monitoring.

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Definition: a closed wound caused by blunt force trauma, resulting in bleeding under the skin and discoloration

Initial Care: Apply cold ice pack to any reduce swelling

Post Care: Monitor for increasing pain, swelling, or signs of deeper injury

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Definition: a localized collection of blood outside blood vessels, usually in a tissue or organ, forming a swelling or mass.

Initial Care: elevate, apply cold initially, and monitor size and pain.

Post Care: Small hematomas may resolve on their own over time. Larger or expanding ones might require drainage by a clinician

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Definition: A burn is tissue damage caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation

Initial Care: Stop the burning process (remove heat source, cool with running cool water for 10–20 minutes)

Post Care: dress and care until healed, manage pain, fluid balance, possibly refer to a burn center, consider debridement, skin grafting. Monitor closely for infection.

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1. Universal Precautions and What Is Needed When Caring for a Wound

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1. Universal Precautions and What Is Needed When Caring for a Wound

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Wearing disposable gloves when touching the wound, blood, body fluids.

Using a clean/sterile environment and clean instruments

Avoiding cross-contamination

Washing hands before and after glove use

If there is a risk of splashing use eye protection, face shield, mask, and gown if needed.

Ensuring safe disposal of sharps (needles, scalpels) in puncture-resistant sharps containers.

Proper cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment.

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2. Proper Way to Remove Gloves (so you don’t contaminate your hands)

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2. Proper Way to Remove Gloves (so you don’t contaminate your hands)

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1. With gloved hands, pinch the outside of one glove near the wrist and peel it downward, turning it inside out as you pull it off.

2. Hold the inside-out glove in the still-gloved hand.

3. Slide two ungloved fingers under the wrist of the remaining glove (on the inside surface)

4. Peel that glove off over the first glove, again turning it inside out, so that both gloves are inside each other.

5. Dispose of the gloves immediately in a proper biohazard container.

6. Then wash hands immediately afterward.

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3. Recognizing an Infection in a Wound + Picture + Treatment

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3. Recognizing an Infection in a Wound + Picture + Treatment

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How to recognize infection:

Redness that spreads

Increased pain, swelling, or tenderness at the wound site

Warmth around the wound

Pus

Delayed healing or a wound that worsens

How to treat an infected wound:

Clean the wound more thoroughly

Debride nonviable tissue if needed

Apply appropriate topical or systemic antibiotics

Use sterile dressings, possibly impregnated with antimicrobial agents

Monitor closely, consider referral for further care

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4. Step‑by‑Step: Proper Cleaning and Dressing of a Wound to Prevent Infection

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4. Step‑by‑Step: Proper Cleaning and Dressing of a Wound to Prevent Infection

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Procedure:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly

2. Put on disposable gloves.

3. Remove old dressing carefully, observing for excessive drainage, debris, or odor.

4. If needed, irrigate the wound gently

5. Pat the surrounding skin dry with sterile gauze

6. If indicated, apply a thin layer of antibiotic or antiseptic

7. Place an appropriate sterile dressing to cover the wound.

8. Secure the dressing with adhesive tape or bandage

9. Remove gloves properly and perform hand hygiene immediately.

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5. Disposal of Contaminated Materials & Why It’s Important

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5. Disposal of Contaminated Materials & Why It’s Important

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Place used gloves, gauzes, dressings, and other contaminated materials into a bag or sharps container.

Seal the biohazard container/bag before removal.

Why this is important: contaminated items may bring bacteria & viruses and could infect staff, others, or the environment if not handled properly. Safe disposal breaks the chain of infection and keeps everyone safer.

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6. When and Why Handwashing Is Required (Before & After Wound Care)

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6. When and Why Handwashing Is Required (Before & After Wound Care)

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Before wound care: You must wash hands and put on gloves

After wound care (and after glove removal): You must wash to remove any contamination you may have acquired during care.

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7. Signs & Symptoms of Excessive Bleeding + What to Do

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7. Signs & Symptoms of Excessive Bleeding + What to Do

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Signs of excessive bleeding:

Blood spurting

Flow of blood that does not slow with light pressure

Large volume of blood loss

Soaking through dressings rapidly

Signs of shock (pale, clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, hypotension, dizziness)

Immediate steps to control bleeding:

1. Apply firm, direct pressure over the wound with a clean cloth, gauze pad, or your hand (if nothing else available).

2. Maintain pressure continually

3. If bleeding continues, you can apply additional gauze over the first and continue pressure.

4. Elevate the injured part (if safe and no fractures) above heart level to reduce bleeding.

5. Call for emergency medical help

6. Monitor vital signs

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8. Importance of Keeping a Wound Covered; How Often to Change Dressings

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8. Importance of Keeping a Wound Covered; How Often to Change Dressings

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Why cover a wound: A covered wound is protected from contamination (dirt, bacteria), prevents trauma to the wound, and protects the patient from accidental contact.

How often to change dressings:

The type of wound

The amount of exudate

The type of dressing used

If the dressing becomes wet, soiled, loose, or shows signs of leakage

According to medical orders or protocols