# data[].attributes.body
Through the business world, firms' actions and choices not only have an impact on the bottom line but also on people and the planet in the long run. Overproduction of agribusiness, supply chain management, food safety, and nutritional imbalance in the case of SDG 2 are ethical issues that rise. Companies should act ethically and demonstrate social responsibility in order to deal with these challenges. This article aims to elucidate the issues of food insecurity and hunger in the context of sustainable development practices and ethics by reviewing scholarly publications, ethical theories, and concrete SDG examples.

# data[].attributes.body
We discovered a newly published paper titled "Global Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture: Corporate Responsibility and Ethical Perspectives" through the online peer-reviewed journal database of Victoria University (VU) Library. This article analyses the role of companies in supply chain conduct and further illustrates the problem of food insecurity at a global level. The article states that addressing food insecurity and improving nutrition is of major importance to companies, and these responsibilities must be fulfilled in accordance with ethical standards. For instance, the article mentions that while some multinational companies are able to increase productivity by investing in agriculture, some farmers may be negatively affected because they lose their land and damage the environment. These issues directly hinder the realization of SDG 2. Therefore, companies must uphold ethical principles and ensure that agricultural practices are designed to both augment productivity and sustain the local communities and environment. Theories.

# data[].attributes.body
The ethical issues and the journal discussions are squarely linked to the implementation of SDG 2. To be frank, it is often the case that global supply chains, especially agricultural technology and the unethical behavior of corporations, have caused or even worsened food insecurity problems and nutritional inequality. On the other hand, while the production of large-scale agriculture might lead to food supply increase, it also may contribute to soil and water resources damage, thereby causing ecosystem degradation. Furthermore, the not-too-fair management of the supply chain may put small farmers in a situation where they are unable to get their fair share in the market. Hence, while addressing the issues of hunger and food security, the corporate conduct should be viewed through an ethical prism and responsible business practices should be adopted.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
After decades of steady decline, the number of people who suffer from hunger - as measured by the prevalence of undernourishment - began to slowly increase again in 2015. Today, more than 820 million people regularly go to bed hungry, of whom about 135 million suffer from acute hunger largely due to man-made conflicts, climate change and economic downturns. The COVID-19 pandemic could now double that number, putting an additional 130 million people at risk of suffering acute hunger by the end of 2020, according to the World Food Programme.

With more than a quarter of a billion people potentially at the brink of starvation, swift action needs to be taken to provide food and humanitarian relief to the most at-risk regions.

At the same time, a profound change of the global food and agriculture system is needed if we are to nourish the more than 820 million people who are hungry and the additional 2 billion people the world will have by 2050. Increasing agricultural productivity and sustainable food production are crucial to help alleviate the perils of hunger.

2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.

2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons.

2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.

2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.

2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed.

2.A Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries.

2.B Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round.

2.C Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2) | United Nations Western Europe

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
After decades of steady decline, the number of people who suffer from hunger - as measured by the prevalence of undernourishment - began to slowly increase again in 2015. Today, more than 820 million people regularly go to bed hungry, of whom about 135 million suffer from acute hunger largely due to man-made conflicts, climate change and economic downturns.

# data[].attributes.body
To get a more profound insight into this issue and its relationship with SDG 2, the documents and reports listed below are suggested:

1. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) annual report on global food security reveals the challenges and the progress of the countries towards achieving food security.

2.The White Bank's policy recommendation on sustainable agricultural investment discusses the issue of balancing the agricultural production and environmental protection.

3.The book of *Business Ethics and Sustainable Development, which examines the social responsibilities that companies should take in the global supply chain, is also one of the recommended references among others.

These resources are not only useful for understanding business ethical issues but also provide theoretical and practical guidance on the sustainability agriculture implementation in practice.

# data[].attributes.body
In the end, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim at the total ban of hunger, assuring food security as well as promoting sustainable agriculture. Indeed, the discussion here is intricate and consists of various ethical considerations. The key players are companies because they are engaged in food production and agriculture. This justifies their authority to run operations in a manner that meets both the demands of society and the ethical standards of a responsible business. The companies’ contribution to the goal is undeniable as the writer has proved it through academic publications, ethical theories, and SDG analysis. Moreover, through technical innovation, transparent management, and also, assistance for small farmers, the enterprises may directly take part in the building of food security, which is a global problem. Besides enabling the production of food globally, it is a way for organizations to grow in the future.

# data[].attributes.body
To further analyze this business ethics issue, we delve into utilitarianism, rights ethics, and virtue ethics which are three related ethical theories. These theories are essential in dealing with us how to balance out corporate interests and social welfare in business decisions.

1. Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism, in its turn, stresses that actions should be directed toward the attainment of the greatest amount of happiness for the majority of the people. In the case of food security and sustainable agriculture, businesses will be able to boost food production by launching sustainable agricultural technologies and management models, which in turn will reduce global hunger and enhance general welfare. However, utilitarianism informs us that this process requires equidistant interests of everybody so that the gains are not short-lived and but rather the long-term ecological balance and community interests are preserved.

2. Rights Ethics

Rights ethics are based on the fundamentals of the rights of individuals as well as groups. With respect to agriculture and food production, the rights of farmers and local communities must be honored. To illustrate, when companies pour resources into production, they have to guarantee that farmers possess their land use rights and are not being subjected to any prohibitions on infringing upon their livelihood. Also, consumers are entitled to the provision of safe and nutritious food. Therefore, companies carry the responsibility of ensuring that their products meet the required food safety standards and of avoiding the use of price monopolies or other unfair practices that could affect consumers’ rights.

3. Virtue Ethics

Virtue Ethics places the stress not just on the moral features but also on the behavioral ethics of individuals and organizations. Companies in the agricultural sector and food supply have a responsibility to the common people of the society like to be honest, to be fair and be a part of the responsible society. For instance, companies can guarantee their products meet sustainability standards through transparent supply chain management and by actively supporting the development of local agricultural communities. This not only moves closer to the SDG2 goal but also creates a long-term reputation and trust benefit for the company.