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October 16, 1854: Birth of a Literary Giant

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October 16, 1854: Birth of a Literary Giant

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Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, to Sir William Wilde and Jane Francesca Elgee. His mother was a prominent Irish nationalist and wrote poetry under the pseudonym 'Speranza', while his father was a successful eye and ear surgeon. This intellectual household would greatly influence young Oscar's future literary career.

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1871-1874: Education at Trinity College Dublin

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1871-1874: Education at Trinity College Dublin

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Wilde began his university education at Trinity College Dublin, where he excelled in classics, particularly in Greek literature. He won the Berkeley Gold Medal, the university's highest award for Greek studies. His academic brilliance was already becoming apparent, setting the stage for his future scholarly achievements.

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At Oxford, Wilde became known for his role in the aesthetic movement, advocating for 'art for art's sake.' He decorated his room with peacock feathers, lilies, and blue china, setting trends among his peers. Here, he was deeply influenced by John Ruskin and Walter Pater, who shaped his artistic philosophies.

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1881: Publication of First Poetry Collection

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1881: Publication of First Poetry Collection

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Wilde published his first collection of poetry, simply titled 'Poems'. Though it received mixed reviews, it established him as a voice in the literary world. The collection demonstrated his early mastery of language and his devotion to aesthetic principles.

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May 29, 1884: Marriage to Constance Lloyd

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May 29, 1884: Marriage to Constance Lloyd

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Wilde married Constance Lloyd, a wealthy Englishwoman with literary and political interests. They had two sons: Cyril (1885) and Vyvyan (1886). During this period, Wilde worked as an editor for 'Woman's World' magazine, where he championed women's rights and dress reform.

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The publication of 'The Happy Prince and Other Tales' marked Wilde's entry into children's literature. These fairy tales, while enchanting for children, contained deeper social commentary and philosophical themes that appealed to adults, showcasing Wilde's versatility as a writer.

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Wilde's only novel, 'The Picture of Dorian Gray,' was first published in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine. The work caused immediate controversy due to its homoerotic undertones and perceived immorality. Despite (or perhaps because of) the scandal, it has become one of his most famous works.

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This period marked Wilde's greatest theatrical successes with plays like 'Lady Windermere's Fan' (1892), 'A Woman of No Importance' (1893), 'An Ideal Husband' (1895), and his masterpiece 'The Importance of Being Earnest' (1895). These works established him as one of the most successful playwrights of Victorian London.

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In a series of highly publicized trials, Wilde was convicted of 'gross indecency' due to his relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas. He was sentenced to two years of hard labor. This marked the beginning of his dramatic fall from grace in Victorian society.

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While in Reading Gaol, Wilde wrote 'De Profundis,' a long letter to Lord Alfred Douglas. This powerful work of prose reflects on his life, his art, and his spiritual journey. It wasn't published in its complete form until 1962.

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After his release from prison in 1897, Wilde lived in exile in France under the name Sebastian Melmoth. He died in poverty at the Hôtel d'Alsace in Paris. His last reported words were: 'My wallpaper and I are fighting a duel to the death. One or the other of us has to go.' He was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery.