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done

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body finds a cancer cell.

White blood cells try to destroy it

Macrophages show the cancer T cells

T cells get activated and multiply

T cells attack and kill the cancer cells

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Body finds a cancer cell.

White blood cells try to destroy it.

Macrophages show the cancer to T cells.

T cells get activated and multiply.

T cells attack and kill the cancer cells.

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Done

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,A body cell changes into a cancer cell and is recognized as a pathogen by the immune system.

White blood cells (WBCs) begin the phagocytosis process to attack the cancer cell.

The cancer cell is weakened but not completely destroyed.

Macrophages (antigen-presenting cells) display fragments of the cancer cell (antigens) on their surface.

These antigens are presented to T lymphocytes (Killer T cells).

The T cells become activated and start to multiply.

The activated T cells move toward the cancer cells, attach to them, and destroy them by perforating their membranes.

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1) Experiment 1 shows normal production of mature B and T lymphocytes.
Experiment 2 shows no production of B or T lymphocytes due to bone marrow destruction.

2) Bone marrow is necessary for the production of B and T lymphocytes.

3) Experiment 3 shows mature B lymphocytes but immature T lymphocytes because the thymus is removed.
Experiment 4 shows no production of B or T lymphocytes because bone marrow is missing.

4) Bone marrow produces B lymphocytes.
The thymus is needed for T lymphocyte maturation.

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2.B

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F

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B and f

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F

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f

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It is F

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1)humoral specific immune response

cell-mediated specific immune response

2) Cell mediated specific immune response:
Involved immune cells

T lymphocytes
Targeted cells

Cancerous cells and infected body cells
Mode of action

Release perforin to destroy antigen

Humoral specific immune response:
Involved immune cells

B lymphocytes
Targeted cells

Bacteria, viruses, microbes, and toxins
Mode of action

Secrete antibodies to neutralize antigen

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1.A y shaped protein produced by plasma cells in the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances called antigens

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Antibody is a protein produced by the blood to bind and fight noncells in the specific immune response

Antigen is a substance found in non cells that triggers an immune response

Neutralize bacteria

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a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances called antigens, such as bacteria and viruses

An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it

producing antibodies to fight pathogens

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Antibodies : they have a Y shape they have a variable part which is located at the top of the Y shape they change depending on the cells antigen

Antigen: antigens are found on cells they are like multiple antennas on a cell they can cause an immune response

The action of B cells is too fight against bacteria viruses and etc that enter the body and float in the blood

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Antibodies are proteins made by b cells that help with killing and defeating specifc anitigens.

Antigens are what that wakes up the immune response.

The B cells can identify antigens and they produce antibodies

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1) cell-mediated

2) humoral

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An antibody is a protein that binds to foreign substances.

An antigen is something that triggers an immune response.

B cells make antibodies to fight antigens and form memory

cells for future defense

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antibodies are a protein made by b cells that helps neutralize specific antigens.

antigens are what trigger an immune response.

the mode of action of b cells is they recognise antigens, are activated and produce antibodies.

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An antibody is a large, Y-shaped protein which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens.

An antigen is a molecule that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor.

B cells neutralize threats by producing antibodies that bind to foreign substances.

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1)

1. Cell mediated

2. Humoral

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the two types of specific immune response are humoral and cell mediated. The humoral response uses B cells, producing antibodies and plasma cells, while the cell mediated uses T cells to destroy or kill the abnormal intruding cells. Both protecting the body from diseases.

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Cell mediate: t lymphocyte

humoral: b lymphocyte

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1. Body cell turns into a cancer cell as a pathogen.

2. WBC start phagocytosis.

3. Cancer cell is weakened not fully destroyed.

4. Macrophages present antigen T lymphocytes.

5. Killer T cells are activated.

6. T cells multiply because of based on specific recognition.

7. Activated T cells rush to cancer cells adhere and perforate them.

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In humoral immunity, B cells produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens and mark them for destruction.

In cell-mediated immunity, T cells destroy infected cells and coordinate other immune responses through signaling molecules called cytokines.

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It is f

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Cell mediated: T cells

Humoral: B cells

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1.a

2.b

3.c

Antibodys are always specific

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1.F.

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There are two types of specific immune responses: humoral and cell-mediated. The humoral response uses B cells to produce antibodies that attack pathogens in body fluids, while the cell-mediated response uses T cells to destroy infected or abnormal cells.

Together, they protect the body from disease.There are two types of specific immune responses: humoral and cell-mediated. The humoral response uses B cells to produce antibodies that attack pathogens in body fluids, while the cell-mediated response uses T cells to destroy infected or abnormal cells.

Together, they protect the body from disease.

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1. A

2. B

3. C

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1. Body cell turns into a cancer cell, seen as a pathogen.

2. WBCs start phagocytosis.

3. Cancer cell is weakened but not fully destroyed.

4. Macrophages present antigen to T lymphocytes.

5. Killer T cells are activated.

6. T cells multiply based on specific recognition.

7. Activated T cells rush to cancer cells, adhere, and perforate them.

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Antibody: A protein made by B cells that binds to and helps neutralize specific antigens.

Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response, usually found on pathogens.

Mode of action of B cells: B cells recognize antigens, get activated.

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Antibody:An antibody is a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances called antigens, such as bacteria and viruses while the antigens:a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.And the B cells

use a multi-step mode of action that involves recognizing pathogens, producing antibodies to neutralize them, activating other immune cells, and developing immunological memory

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Cell mediated:

T lymphocytes

humoral:

B lymphocytes

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There are two types of specific immune responses: humoral and cell-mediated. The humoral response uses B cells to produce antibodies that attack pathogens in body fluids, while the cell-mediated response uses T cells to destroy infected or abnormal cells. Together, they protect the body from disease.

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Correct antibody: f

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1 a

2 b

3 c

Property: Antibodies are specific.

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The two types of specific immune response are humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity , which use B cells and T cells respectively, as their primary effectors to target different types of pathogens. Humoral immunity relies on B cells producing antibodies to neutralize extracellular pathogens and toxins, while cell-mediated immunity uses T cells, including cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells and helper T cells to coordinate the overall immune response

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Humoral immunity

Effectors: B lymphocytes (B cells)

Function: Produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens, opsonize them, and activate the complement system.

Cell-mediated immunity

Effectors: T lymphocytes (T cells), including helper T cells (CD4+), cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), and regulatory T cells (Tregs)

Function: Helper T cells activate other immune cells; cytotoxic T cells kill infected or cancerous cells; regulatory T cells suppress immune responses to prevent autoimmunity.

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An antibody is a protein produced by the immune system that specifically binds to a foreign substance called an antigen, effectively neutralizing it or marking it for destruction by other immune cells; antibodies are created by B cells.

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Lymphocyte B: A B lymphocyte (or B cell) is a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies, which are proteins that neutralize pathogens and toxins by binding to them while lymphocytet t: T-lymphocytes, or T-cells, are a crucial type of white blood cell in the immune system that mature in the thymus gland and protect the body from infection and cancer.

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Lymphocyte B: A B lymphocyte (or B cell) is a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies, which are proteins that neutralize pathogens and toxins by binding to them while lymphocytet t: T-lymphocytes, or T-cells, are a crucial type of white blood cell in the immune system that mature in the thymus gland and protect the body from infection and cancer.

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The two types of specific (adaptive) immune responses are humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. Humoral immunity involves B cells producing antibodies that target pathogens in body fluids, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells, where helper T cells activate other immune cells and cytotoxic T cells directly destroy infected or cancerous cells.

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Antibody: A protein made by B cells that binds to and helps neutralize specific antigens.

Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response, usually found on pathogens.

Mode of action of B cells: B cells recognize antigens, get activated (often with T cell help), and produce antibodies to target the antigen.

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Cell mediate immunity : T cell

Antibody mediated immunity : B cell

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Humoral immunity

Effectors: B lymphocytes (B cells)

Function: Produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens, opsonize them, and activate the complement system.

Cell-mediated immunity

Effectors: T lymphocytes (T cells), including helper T cells (CD4+), cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), and regulatory T cells (Tregs)

Function: Helper T cells activate other immune cells; cytotoxic T cells kill infected or cancerous cells; regulatory T cells suppress immune responses to prevent autoimmunity.

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For extra support, find a overview of the immune system and its responses in this video and answer the related questions.

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Easily create beautiful interactive video lessons for your students you can integrate right into your LMS. Track students’ progress with hassle-free analytics as you flip your classroom!

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Act 3 – Immune response quiz

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn – any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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Watch the video on edpuzzle, answer the questions and then write one information that you caught in mind about the B cells.

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Easily create beautiful interactive video lessons for your students you can integrate right into your LMS. Track students’ progress with hassle-free analytics as you flip your classroom!

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Choose the antibody (ies) that can neutralize the given antigen.

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Conduct an online research in pairs to:

Define an antibody

Define an antigen

Indicate the mode of action of B cells.

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By referring to the table below:

a.Match each antigen with the antibody(ies) that it can bind to.

b.Deduce a property for the antibodies.

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Interpret the results of the experiments on the worksheet and then share your answers with the team.

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Read the given text in the worksheet and answer the below questions.

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Read the text individually then list the steps of activation of T cells on your copybook.

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Search online for the two types of specific immune responses and the effectors of each.

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Advanced students can read an article about recent discoveries in T cells research.

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World’s first CAR-T cell therapy for a child with lupus

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“One year after the treatment, I feel as good as I did before my diagnosis, except for a few colds,” says Uresa A. today. In June 2023, Uresa (who was 15 years old at the time) received CAR-T cells at…

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On your copybook, draw a concept map about the immune responses, it should include the different types of immune responses, the effectors of each type and their targeted cells.

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For extra support and practice review the basics of immune system through this interactive online game

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Quiz: Immune System (for Kids) - KidsHealth

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Take this quiz about the immune system, the system that keeps you healthy.