# data[].attributes.headline
How do historians determine the reliability 

# data[].attributes.subject
How do historians determine the reliability 

# data[].attributes.body
Every source has a perspective or bias, influenced by the author's background, beliefs, and intentions. Historians critically analyze the bias to understand how it might impact the accuracy of the information. Historians determine the reliability of their sources through a process known as source criticism or source evaluation. This process involves assessing the authenticity, credibility, and bias of the sources they use to ensure that the information they gather is accurate and trustworthy.

# data[].attributes.body
Does the production of knowledge in history imply a moral responsibility?-
History is open to interpretation. Knowledge about history can never be certain since the events that have happened have different perspectivies written into the sources that document them. Often historians will omit or include information that aligns with their moral and cultural beliefs. They can alter historical knowledge, which becomes unethical. They often do this to paint a better picture of historical events. However, the same morals that applied i history do not apply today. It is our duty to ensure different perspectives of history are hard not just the ones which are most agreeable.

# data[].attributes.body
Does the production of knowledge in history imply a moral responsibility?

I believe the production of knowledge can imply a moral responsibility as the created knowledge will eventually be passed on. It is the creator's responsibility that the knowledge produced should be as neutral as possible and reliable. It is their obligation to provide accurate , ethical and unbiased information so that the consumers could have a balanced perspective.

# data[].attributes.body
Regardless of whether they are intentional or unintentional biases have been a part of historical investigations for a long time. These can be seen in nationality, ideology, interests, education etc.
Example:
Eurocentrism and Scientific Discoveries: The contributions of non-European civilizations to scientific knowledge have often been overlooked. For instance, the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata made significant advancements in trigonometry and algebra, but these achievements are often overshadowed by the focus on European mathematicians.

# data[].attributes.headline
should we judge people and actions in the past by the standards of today? 

# data[].attributes.subject
should we judge people and actions in the past by the standards of today? 

# data[].attributes.body
I don't think we should judge actions in past by standards of today as different societies and different time period have pretty different norms, and their culture may vary from different time periods. so applying todays standards to the past, ignores the complexity of historical contexts and the values that guided actions in those times.

# data[].attributes.body
Should we judge people and actions in the past by the standards of today?
I think this is a very common phenomenon today where we criticise the actions of individuals in the past by comparing them to the standards of modern society. However, it is important to realise that the context, the social ideologies and the definition of what is acceptable in society changes drastically over a period of time. For example, we cannot judge a judge for not ruling for homosexuality 100 years ago, as it was not as openly accepted back then. However, today, due to the changing ideologies, it is far more accepted in society as compared to 100 years ago. Thus our judgement on the judge cannot be based on today's scenario, it should really be based on the social context at the time of their decisions or actions.

# data[].attributes.body
Bias in teaching of history can be seen. Different countries have different textbooks and syllabus for history all covering different events of the past. This bias is seen as  revealing both the positive and negative points of a country can lead to a rise in anti nationalists in the country itself which can lead to unnecessary riots and chaos. This bias in teaching leads to biased ideologies and so history continues to shape differently for different countries.

# data[].attributes.body
Prompt: How do different perspectives help historians gain past experiences?

- Different perspectives of the Gulf war- the American perspective, and the people affected are, supported by different historians.

- Different perspectives on Mao zedong, help create a real account for the dictator

Rahul & rishov

# data[].attributes.headline
How do different perspectives help historians gain past experiences?-Group 3-Kuldeep

# data[].attributes.subject
How do different perspectives help historians gain past experiences?-Group 3-Kuldeep

# data[].attributes.body
Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968): The U.S. Civil Rights Movement was a transformative period in American history. By studying the perspectives of civil rights activists, such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, along with the perspectives of segregationists and those resistant to change, historians gain insights into the struggles and complexities of the movement.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Empathy with the African American community's history leading to quotas/privilege given to individuals in universities/workplaces

2. Lack of empathy by the German's to the Jews throughout history

3. Empathy in recent times with the LGBTQ community leading to increased acceptance and openness in society

# data[].attributes.headline
How do different perspectives help historians gain past experiences?-Ishan Agrawal

# data[].attributes.subject
How do different perspectives help historians gain past experiences?-Ishan Agrawal

# data[].attributes.body
World War II (1939-1945): World War II was a global conflict with numerous perspectives. Historians have delved into the perspectives of different countries and leaders, such as Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Adolf Hitler. Additionally, examining the experiences of soldiers on the front lines, civilians enduring bombings and occupation, and the Holocaust survivors provides a broader understanding of the war's impact.

# data[].attributes.body
Can differing perspectives hinder knowledge production in history?

It can hinder and enhance the production of history. When we are examining the hindrance, we can look at how the weightage of a particular perspectives overpowers the others by induced biases

# data[].attributes.body
Explicit knowledge
Implicit knowledge
Tacit knowledge
Procedural knowledge
Declarative knowledge
A Posteriori knowledge
A Priori knowledge

# data[].attributes.body
Answer: If the world would have no language then the dependence on non verbal ways of communication would develop. In addition, new languages are developed/invented because its role is to expand the range of thought and without language the flow of knowledge would become difficult near impossible. A world so disconnected and ditached that lacks proper ways of communication may lead to thinking less thoughts (basic to complex).

# data[].attributes.body
Reflection - If there were no language in the world, then there are many possible scenarios that may play out.
I believe that the most likely are:
There would be communication that does not require a language. Arts, signs, materials and many other different ways would be used constantly to help communicate between people. This would have drastic effects on the world, as it may stimulate a higher percentage of people to be creative and less logically oriented (my bias).
Furthermore, it might be that language is going to come soon in the future. This would show that humanity's growth curve has not reached the rising part. This would show that the particular civilisation has not evolved enough to reach the state of speech yet.
There are some other scenarios, such as:
The civilisation may never actually have a means of language.
They may never communicate.
And many others.

Therefore, there would be a large impact on the society if it grew in the absence of language.

# data[].attributes.body
What would the world be like if there were no language?

The absence of words would result in a veil of silence. A world that is so disconnected and detached that proper communication channels do not exist. That is, we would communicate through gestures, devising or inventing new gestures for emotions such as happy, sad, and so on. Simply put, without language, the world would be much quieter, if not completely silent.

# data[].attributes.body
Children are often comared to parrots when it comes to learning something. "They will speak what they here". This turns out to be true in most of the cases. Children often repeat what they here around. Repetition is a method used to convey the idea of something or embed a notion into their mind. Due to this, the environment they grow up with and the words they here continuously shape the language they speak. They literature or content they consume as they grow up builds their language.

# data[].attributes.body
1. With no language, us humans would have no medium to communicate. This would entail complete failure for us as social, collaborative animals. We would not have survived as a race for as long as we have so far.
2. Without written language, we would still be able to communicate and hold knowledge through oral traditions, with even documents and scriptures of incredible size, such as the Vedas, having been passed down in this manner in our history. However, it would be a lot less plausible that we would get the global exposure we do today as cultures, both ancient and modern, are shared and comprehended by those who are completely new to them.
3. Children pick up languages by listening to the people around them speak it as well through experientially learning the idiosyncrasies of the same in order to eventually communicate well.
4. The power in a literate society leans towards those who have the most command over language. For example, if we look at 1984 by George Orwell, the ones that have a control of the language manage what the public are exposed to and even their thoughts in what is certainly a dystopian train of thought; however, it is still eerily similar in the way that our sources of media have controlling interests in various streams of political thought and often compromise values and truth to push narratives.

# data[].attributes.body
How do children learn language?
Children learn language by paying attention to what is being said around them. They observe and try and understand what is being said and done by their parents and other people in their lives. Children start to learn and then imitate the sounds and sentences being said, so when they are exposed to more things (more words, sentences etc.), they will be able to learn the language better/quicker.

What would the world be like if there were no language?
A world without language is quite hard to even imagine. Language is the main way people are able to express themselves and communicate. Language helps us share our feelings, thoughts and ideas. Without language it would be extremely hard to communicate, although humans would still find a way to express themselves. For example they could communicate using body language. But even with that, it would still be a lot harder than it is with language.
I think that if there wasn't any language, that we would have a large number of misunderstandings. However the world would probably also be a lot more creative, since we would have to come up with more creative ways to get our points across while communicating.

# data[].attributes.body
IF the world has no language then language would eventually be developed, since we started without language as well, and developed it, since language is necessary in order to further develop the species, teach, survive and create communities, how long it would take to re-develop can be different, and how it would develop could be different but it is very likely that language would eventually be developed again.

# data[].attributes.body
1.World will be different without knowledge, it is hard to imagine such a scenario. Humans without language may be communicating through gestures. The development of knowledge without language may not be possible. There would not be phones, computers in existence without knowledge. I also believe without knowledge humans will have less conflicts, and can have a simple life like other animals.

# data[].attributes.body
How do children learn language?
Children learn by experiencing and listening to the world around them. Through interaction with the adults in their households, a child surrounded by a particular language picks up on the frequent words used and aquire the language verbally and further refine it. Children learn quickly, easily without formal teaching.Children who are never spoken to will not acquire language. And the language must be used for interaction with the child; for example, a child who regularly hears language on the TV or radio but nowhere else will not learn to talk.

# data[].attributes.body
What would the world be like if there were no language?
- Communication would be nearly impossible. Ideas would not be able to be spread. Emotions would not be able to be seen. The social traits that make humans what they are would be nonexistent. When language is gone, body language, sign language, and other non-verbal forms of communication are also gone so there is no way to communicate at all.

What would the world be like if there were no written language?
- If there was no written language, then ideas cannot be transferred at a widespread rate. Texting or text, in general, would not be there. There would be no other way to consume others' knowledge other than hearing it. This means no books to tell stories or to educate.

How do children learn a language?
- Children learn their first language through demonstrations and illustrations. A parent might point at something and say its name so it gets engraved in the child's memory. They then learn to refer to that something or someone by their name. Later on, grammar is taught and children learn to read from parents reading aloud.

Who has the power in a literate society?
- In a literate society, poets, authors, scriptwriters, public speakers, etc are powerful people. They can control people through their words and writings. They have the power to persuade others.

# data[].attributes.body
If there were no written or verbal language, humans would communicate through music, art, dance, sign language, and body language. This holds true because historically, when humans hadn't developed a sophisticated system for languages yet, they would use cave art, traditional music, facial expressions, gestures, and other art forms to communicate their ideas. Children learn language by listening to those around them and trying to replicate them. In a literate society, it can said that highly educated people have the power. However, in many corrupt systems, it is not necessary for the people in power to assume authoritative positions; it is often those who are influential, convincing, and wealthy individuals.

# data[].attributes.body
What would the world be like if there were no language?

If there were no language there would be no way to communicate one's thought with others. The transmission of knowledge would be increasingly difficult, the more complex a concept gets, the harder it is to convey them due tot heir requirement of previous knowledge. At the same time, without language, the lives we lead would be simple and unprogressive, often even individual. Emotional aspects would still be conveyed through one's facial expressions, hence, empathy wouldn't die down as a skill as much as other thinking based skills would.

# data[].attributes.body
If there was absolutely no language then people would have to find other ways to be able to communicate with each other. This could be a way though that people would be able to learn different ways. Such as non verbal languages like sign language or even body language by the way we react to things.

If there was no written language then people would only have the knowledge from the word of mouth. So ancient information that has been written or even just the general things we do like writing notes wouldn't exist, even this writing for this task wouldn't exist. So we would have to go along with the world of mouth and learn from it as well.

Children learn languages at a young age, no matter what it is they are influenced and surrounded by it and in that case they can hear it a lot. Meaning that it can benefit the learning as it is is very influential.

Mainly people with either money or high positions in society as they are most likely the people that would be listened to because of their influence and the exposure that they have. But even with this idea everyone has some form of power as we all have expressions and ideas that people will listen to in the society.

# data[].attributes.body
Language, especially written language is key to communication. It would seriously hamper the efforts to advance, however it isn't the only way to communicate, as talking and sign language exist as well. The removal of written language means that it would take more time to communicate ideas and thoughts to other people and people would have to utilize their memories a lot more since there is no way to write down something and remember it. Children learn languages by going to school, once again if written language doesn't exist then it will be nearly impossible for children to learn to speak, as learning requires taking notes, writing and revising. In a literate society, the power will be equally divided among all members of society as everyone has the capability to communicate, but ofcourse there are other factors involved such as wealth and such which may influence the control of power.

# data[].attributes.body
no language means no sounds, emotions or reactions as well, it would mean no communication at all. if we are only talking about written language things would be different, humans are social beings and need to communicate, it keeps them sane, if there was no language there would be no conflicts as well making the world a more peaceful place. children learn language from the people around them, they learn to speak first and later their parents or teachers help them learn to write. in a literate society the most outgoing and educated person holds the power.

# data[].attributes.body
How do children learn language?

Children learn languages by observing the environment around them. They hear words and see actions. As their brains develop they can start connecting the words they hear to the actions that they see.

# data[].attributes.body
Children learn language through observation. While they do learn to read and write through the process of being taught (be it in a school or home environment), they first try to imitate sounds and syllables they hear from those around them. They babble and laugh, and I'm sure everyone has at least once seen a child babbling nonsensically into a old/toy phone. It directly relates to the saying 'Monkey see, Monkey do': they witness others (parents, siblings, etc) communicating via noises strung together to make sentences. They quickly understand that in order to have their needs met, they need to communicate the same way those around them do. Parents often have competitions to see who's name their child will recite first, or what funny word they'll pick up to say first, and while it is extremely endearing, it goes to show that children can learn quickly and effectively, as a way to get their thoughts and emotions across. It's both an evolutionary process, as well as children just being children, and absorbing knowledge like sponges.

# data[].attributes.body
What would the world be like if there were no languages?

Non-verbal communication would be the main method of communication, with sign language becoming the benchmark for literacy.
I personally believe the number of conflicts in the world would reduce drastically, with language being a driving force of hatred and divisiveness due to languages and accents being a reflection of race, culture and ethnicity, as well as a medium to be discriminatory regrading the same.

# data[].attributes.headline
Choose a Prompt and think of 3 Objects- brainstorming/ideation

# data[].attributes.subject
Choose a Prompt and think of 3 Objects- brainstorming/ideation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
6. How does the way that we organize or classify knowledge affect what we know?

7. What are the implications of having, or not having, knowledge?

8. To what extent is certainty attainable?

9. Are some types of knowledge less open to interpretation than others?

10. What challenges are raised by the dissemination and/or communication of knowledge?

11. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs?

12. Is bias inevitable in the production of knowledge?

13. How can we know that current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge?

14. Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers?

15. What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge?

16. Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds?

17. Why do we seek knowledge?

18. Are some things unknowable?

19. What counts as a good justification for a claim?

20. What is the relationship between personal experience and knowledge?

21. What is the relationship between knowledge and culture?

22. What role do experts play in influencing our consumption or acquisition of knowledge?

23. How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge?

24. How might the context in which knowledge is presented influence whether it is accepted or rejected?

25. How can we distinguish between knowledge, belief and opinion?

26. Does our knowledge depend on our interactions with other knowers?

27. Does all knowledge impose ethical obligations on those who know it?

28. To what extent is objectivity possible in the production or acquisition of knowledge?

29. Who owns knowledge?

30. What role does imagination play in producing knowledge about the world?

31. How can we judge when evidence is adequate?

32. What makes a good explanation?

33. How is current knowledge shaped by its historical development?

34. In what ways do our values affect our acquisition of knowledge?

35. In what ways do values affect the production of knowledge?

The list of the same can be obtained from the IB TOK2022 guide as well. To know more about how to write TOK Exhibition, You may have a look at the TOK exhibition sample. The above list of the ia prompts conveys a wide variety of how knowledge can be explored. The International Baccalaureate diploma program through TOK encourages knowers to reflect on these 35 IA prompts.

How to choose TOK exhibition objects?

As such, choosing an object for the TOK exhibition is not difficult however here are 7 points students must keep in mind while selecting TOK exhibition objects to answer one of the 35 IA prompts:

1- Students need to refine their choice of TOK exhibition objects as per the IA prompt and core-theme/optional theme.

2- Broadly connecting some regular object with IA prompt is a complete NO-NO.

3- A photograph of an object is ok. Anything can be an object for TOK exhibition as long as students can convey a real-world context.

4- The TOK exhibition objects must not have any connection between them but when viewed through the lens of IA prompt and the core theme/optional theme, they must be weaved in such a manner that their relevance is visible.

5- The TOK exhibition objects and their use must be justified as it is a specific object rather than a generic object.

6- Choosing an object of personal interest will help in framing a justification that is strong and has contributed to the exhibition.

7- Do not choose generic objects as the linking between them would be unconvincing and it might be difficult for students to convey their point of view.

You may also like to our other website for IB tutoring. Go check out here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
For a successful and high scoring TOK exhibition, students are expected to select three objects to connect it one of the following 35 ia prompts

# data[].attributes.body
What would the world be like if there were no language?
What would the world be like if there were no written language?
How do children learn language?
Who has the power in a literate society?

# data[].attributes.body
technology is something created by human beings by the application of scientific knowledge which leads manipulation of the human surrounding.
example:
-phones
-watches
-television
-internet.

# data[].attributes.body
Technology extends human possibility, but there are downsides. We must weigh unintended negative consequences against astonishing gains.
Technologies are artefacts made through a systematic application of knowledge and used to reach practical goals.

# data[].attributes.body
Technological tools such as microscopes, telescopes and many others do aid in accentuating our senses but that is not it. They provide us with a new perception of looking at things; provide us with evidence for our theories or even invalidate them. They play an irreplaceable role in discoveries and production of knowledge. (Although, we cannot forget that, it still remains an aid to us whom it cannot replicate)

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is developed, using scientific knowledge, to make the lives of humans easier or to improve the knowledge and accessibility of humans.

Technologies such as microscope and telescope allow humans to see things that we can't see with out naked eye. To a large extent these technologies are extensions of our sense of sight, but stronger.
Microscope allow us to see objects at a more minute level. Even though they are an extension of our sense of sight, they open up a whole new world that can explored and studied. Without microscopes we wouldn't be able to analyse and make conclusions using evidence from a cellular level. Without microscope, science, forensics and so on, wouldn't be at the advanced level it is today. Similarly, telescopes have also opened up a whole new world of study for us. We are able to see space from Earth, we can observe planets, the moon, stars and space to make theories. All of this wouldn't be possible without a telescope.

Technologies to a great extent can be extensions of our senses, however these technologies can help us see and learn about things that we never even could have imagined.

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is a piece of equipment which helps us understand a topic better while making our lives easier. It helps us to view things in a way which is not possible to do so with our naked eye.

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is the epitome of development. We as humans progressed far than where we began due to technology and because of technology we were introduced to new ways in how we view the world.

# data[].attributes.body
technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. In my perspective, regardless of the fact that tools like the microscope and telescope are merely radical new ways of viewing the world, they are still extensions of the human senses. This is due to the fact that, using microscopes and telescopes as examples, they give us access to knowledge and information that we would not have otherwise been able to obtain using only the extensions of our senses.
Technology allows us to view the world from an entirely new and distinct perspective, which is why I think it has fundamentally changed how we perceive the world and is more than just a tool for our senses.

# data[].attributes.body
Part 2
1. If we know or speak more than one language, then we will have many advantages like, We can interact with more number of people. We will have a greater chance to explore their culture. We can even learn and understand many more things. If we are completely familiar with both the languages, then the knowledge can also be expressed in both the languages in the same way.
3. If we do not produce knowledge in language which respects peoples preferred self identification, there is no point of use for the knowledge. People don't actually respect it and in return they might even revolt as they might even consider it as an offence or it might even come under criticization.
4. We do have a board which decides whether the language in the films should be censored. They censor the language in films or TV shows if the language which is used is controversial or if the language is explicit or any other. Those shows or the films should not hurt anyone's feelings or beliefs even.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflection:
2nd option
- Yes, if we speak different languages, there may ideas, facts and meanings that are otherwise not found in the language we usually communicate in. This happens because there are certain words specific to the language that may not be easily/perfectly translated to another language. Moreover, there are many texts that can only be understood in that specific language to be able to interpret in a particular way. Lastly, many words can mean different from what they imply to, hence, it is necessary to know the entire context to fully understand the text in complete.

- No and yes, people from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds do not live in different worlds because they also follow the trends of the society, thus being effected by the society's thoughts and actions, which can effect towards there personal spaces and there mindset. However, at the same time, for those whose culture is deeply rooted in them, they may live in a world that runs differently from our own, as, they will hardly be affected by any changes in there surroundings and society, thus being cut from the society yet joined to it. This leads to their personal space mindset being different from the rest of people.

- There are many implications that may arise from such an action. One may be incapable of translating the message in any other format, which may lead to a unpleasant event. It may be the result of a small mistake, which may imply that the person is careless or it was just chance. Another implication might be that the person did it intentionally, which may lead to altercations between the two groups of people.

- The society helps lay down the criteria upon which countless assistants and the director may decide if the language used must be censored and, if yes, where. The criteria are decided by the society because there are many factors that affect a films language including the age group it is made for, theme, idea etc. These all affect the audience that are watching the film and thus decide whether the language needs to censored or not.

# data[].attributes.body
If you speak more than one language, is what you know different in each language? - Yes it is. My scope of expression is different in each language and the customs that I follow differs from culture to culture. Culture matters because my audience while I speak the languages that I do matters.

Do people from different linguistic or cultural backgrounds live, in some sense, in different worlds? - Definitely people from different cultural backgrounds live in different worlds but I don't find that one's linguistic background makes a difference in what they believe in and the world they live in. For example: People from Spain and South Americans (except Brazilians), both these groups speak Spanish. Their languages are also slightly different. But, there is a major difference in their lifestyles and you could say they live in different worlds. This is not because of the dialect of Spanish that they communicate in; rather it is directly influenced by their culture and other social factors of their lives.

What are the implications if we do not produce knowledge in language that respects people's preferred models of self-identification? - It is not the responsibility of language to respect people. It is the responsibility of the knower to communicate in such a way that they don't offend certain beliefs but that is an ever standing characteristic of knowledge. That it could offend anybody. That doesn't mean we stop discussing knowledge and the truth.

Who decides whether language should be censored in films and TV shows, and using what criteria? - The censor board consisting of individuals who are unbiased censor information in media that is available for public consumption which could potentially hurt emotional, religious or cultural sentiment.

# data[].attributes.body
Part 1:
Scope: The main goal of advertising is to influence a particular target audience to buy a product. Advertisers can generally be considered to be part of the community of knowers for the disciple of human psychology since psychology is the study of human behaviour as well as what can influence certain behaviours, which is also why psychology is often associated with manipulation. In a way, advertisers have to manipulate their target audience to buy a certain product. One example is the bandwagon effect, a social phenomena where people generally don't like to obstruct against the views and preferences of the public. Advertisers can use this to their benefit by describing their products as 'trendy', or 'stylish', making people viewing such advertisements to think that the product is something widely accepted by society and due to FOMO, they would buy the product.

Perspectives: Theories are statements that are made based on a rational analysis of certain natural phenomena using the scientific method, which is an accepted method of verifying the truth of a hypothesis, the result of which is a theory. The human mind seeks logical explanations for many of the concepts and events that occur to them or around them, including intangible ones. This results in trying to find patterns between various concepts, forming our intuition. When certain theories seem unintuitive and break the conventional pattern we follow to understand thigns around us, we try to form a new pattern taking this exception into consideration, which then modifies our intuition, hence resulting in a change in how we view ourselves as well as our surroundings.

Methods and tools: language used in polls and questionnaires to describe questions and options (if applicable) may not be completely unbiased. the order in which certain questions re asked can influence the perception and understanding of those questions and therefore would impact the results of the question as well. Most of the times langauge used within questionnaires and polls are quite concise, this means that the words used may be difficult to comprehend without longer elaborations and may have several perspectives. for example the phrase 'advantages and disadvantages' could be absolute or relative to some constant perspective. Similarly it is difficult to understand the degree to which something might be considered an advantage or disadvantage. Hence, such words can impact the way questions are perceived and therefore the conclusions derived from such polls and questionnaires.

Ethics: This depends from situation to situation. If moral obligation consists of a classroom environment then everyone is encouraged to act on their incomplete knowledge so that mistakes can be identified and corrected as soon as possible. In fact, this is the crux of the assessment process in all schools. However in situations that don't involve learning, acting on incomplete knowledge may not be morally correct. This is because the lack of knowledge could be endangering such as trying to save a person's life on an airplane who is experiencing an allergic reaction, being a high school biology student, or viewing out opinions which may be considered offensive to some people because of one's lack of awareness of the perspectives and culture of these people. However, given the necessity, without any other person who has better knowledge in a given field, it may be correct to act on tentative knowledge since it would be the best course forward.

# data[].attributes.body
A multilingual person is the one who speaks more than one languages. Languages fules our brains, frames our thoughts and makes complex communication possible.
According to me the people who live in different linguistic or cultural backgrounds do live in same world but experience different things according to their culture,location.
If we dont communicate in preferred modes we wont be able to communicate and it would be a disrespect to another person.
Language in movies should be censored to keep it professional and to keep away from the young audience until the desired age.

# data[].attributes.body
1,

If I know 2 languages, I still know the same things in both languages. Along with that I also believe that I will be able to express my self the same in both languages.
This is because knowing a language means to know how to express yourself in it no matter what.

2.
Yes people with different cultures do live in 2 different worlds, figuratively at least, in reality they are still part of our world. I claim this because it is hard to picture someone from a tribe in an unexplored land and someone from Newyork living without issues in each others worlds.

3.
By not referring to someone the way they wish to be, you are disrespecting their identity. In other wors its wrong and that that.

4.
Movie language censorship id odd and is likely done to keep profanities away from children until they are at an age where they can responsibly use them

# data[].attributes.body
Part 2, question 1
The scope of knowledge in each language will be different because of the different topics you have learnt which you may not have in another language for example I speak Kannada and English but some of my scientific knowledge in English cannot be translated to Kannada with my current knowledge
p2, q4
Foul language and other types of derogatory statements are censored in Tv shows and movies because of their influence on the audience. depending on the type of show these statements could be censored as it could spread prejudice onto the audience but if it is something for example based on historical facts it is important to include the small details to show what it was like to live back in that time.
p2, Q2
People from different cultural backgrounds are born into different communities which support different ethics which raises you as a different person which is almost like living in a "different world"
P3, Q3

# data[].attributes.body
microscopes and telescopes are extensions to human senses it makes one see and perceive things on a whole new level. we can discover more things in the medical field like microorganisms which could widen our field of knowledge. we could also find new stars or celestial items in space with help of powerful telescopes.

# data[].attributes.body
- yes it's different in different languages, you can't translate everything word for word, but in a sense, you still have the same knowledge but maybe not enough proficiency to convey your thoughts, though the ethics (adding respective endings like -Ji(in Hindi) ) are similar and the way you treat people.
- yes they live in "different worlds" simply because different cultures have different ethics and cultural values as well as traditions
-  not being able to produce knowledge in a respectful way could cause people to get offended or it may be plain disrespectful and impolite
-  ethics are used to censor particular language and scenes, if a certain action or word is considered impolite by a large audience movie producers decide to remove it, it is then further censored by the country the film or tv show is released in considering their values

# data[].attributes.body
2nd option
1. If you speak more than one language, then your knowledge will vary for each language because you may understand one better than the other.

2. People from different cultural backgrounds do live in different worlds in different aspects. Culture is what defines a majority of our life, therefore culture would change how we perceive the world and how we live.

3. If we do not represent people properly within their language or culture, then they might get offended or may criticize us.

4. Language censorship is decided by the target audience. If the movie is PG for example, then the use of explicit language is intolerable. It is the director and script writers that decide the censorship of language.

# data[].attributes.body
Telescopes and microscopes aren't just mere extensions to human kind but rather enable us to see things that the naked eye can't perceive. This showcases a milestone in the category of human achievement and technological advancements and these are used to accomplish many tasks such as identifying diseases or looking out into space and observing cosmic bodies, these are just some of the examples of how they changed the entire world and they most certainly contribute a lot more to society than being just mere extensions

# data[].attributes.body
Sources of information, citations.
Publisher and their reputation
Credentials of the author/s
Accuracy of the information as compared to other sources

# data[].attributes.body
Technologies like the microscope and the telescope are extensions to the human sense of sight to some extent, but I believe they also provide unique insight into the world, that is unmatched by a lack of technological aid. Seeing things at the microscopic level wouldn't be possible by the unaided eye and neither would seeing things hundreds of thousands of kilometers away. We would have very less knowledge of space, or the fundamental structures that make up the world around us, without the aid of these devices. Thus technology, rather than acting as a mere extension to our senses, plays a crucial role in our perception and understanding of the world, which has a major part in shaping our perspective.

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is the practical application of knowledge that aims to make life easier and helps solve issues that humans face. Although technologies like the microscope or telescope are technically extensions to the human sense (in this case extension to what we can see), it is a radical new way of seeing the world in mu opinion. This is because if we take microscopes and telescopes as an example, they provide us with so much more knowledge and information, which we could never have been able to get with just extensions to our senses.

Through technology we see the world from a completely different/ new perspective which is why I believe that technology has radically transformed the way we see things and is not just an extension to our senses.

# data[].attributes.body
procedural knowledge: the knowledge of performing a particular skill or the methodology to do a task is known as procedural knowledge

tacit knowledge: the knowledge that we gain through past experiences is known as tacit knowledge

shared knowledge: the knowlege that is given to us by someone experienced is known as shared knowledge

personal knowledge: this knowledge is similar to procedural knowledge, its is gained through experience and practice.
it gives people their own view.

# data[].attributes.body
material product or process that has an impact on our everyday lives. Technology as an end-product is found in a work of art or a building. These are things that, in a direct manner, make a difference to the quality of life.

phones
motherboards
toothbrush
paper
pen
printing
marker
wirless internet
LED screens
atoms

# data[].attributes.body
Navmi Angadi - 11-F
Personal knowledge :
Knowledge which is gained through personal learning. For example, learning an art form, or learning how to cycle etc.

Shared knowledge :
When knowledge is acquired from different people and not just one source it is called shared knowledge. For example, when large number of people work together and come to a conclusion by sharing their knowledge.

Procedural knowledge :
Knowledge which is gained by GOP following a certain procedure. Consistency and practice helps in acquiring knowledge

# data[].attributes.body
While in a way it could be argued that they are simply enhancements since they build upon our already available vision to see things smaller and further away, in many ways they do introduce very new ways to see the world, both literally in terms of what we can see as well as figuratively in terms of our perspective.
For example, without the microscope we would have no reason to believe that we couldn't just keep cutting say a piece of wood into smaller and smaller pieces forever, but with the help of one we understand that there is indeed a limit to how far we can go before we reach particles that are indivisible.
Similarly, without telescopes we would have no idea about the true nature of stars and still see them as tiny orbs in the sky.
This also does not mention the fact that many modern telescopes allow us to see wavelengths of light such as infrared and ultraviolet light that are completely invisible to the naked eye, so the ability to see these wavelengths does introduce a completely new way of seeing things and is not simply an enhancement.

# data[].attributes.body
Technologies are often extension of our senses, these tools allow us to see in much more detail, in other perspectives and allows us to perceive things we would never be able to, but at the same time, by extending our senses theya re radically changing the way we view and understand the world, these tools can be used in many areas in order to aid us.

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is something made to make a task simpler or reduce the work done by humans. While telescopes and microscopes can be used to enhance our knowledge on things that are not visible to the human eye, they are not an extension to the human senses, since they are external technology and require us to stay in one place to use. According to me, they are just radical new ways of seeing the world.

# data[].attributes.body
personal knowledge: it is the top of knowledge that we gain through past experiences

shared knowledge: it is the type of knowledge that we gain when an experienced person shares it with us.

procedural knowledge: it is the type of knowledge which we gain by repeated practicing.

# data[].attributes.body
-check sources
-check if they end in .org or the initials of a country (for eg. .in)
-make sure the website is not anonymous
-the person posting has credentials

# data[].attributes.body
Knowledge that:
Theorm's, proved facts.
The earth is round
Sun is a star
Ice is cold

Knowledge how:
How to swim
playing instruments
editing

# data[].attributes.body
Personal knowledge: Knowledge acquired through beliefs and practices. eg: learning an instrument

tactic  knowledge: Knowledge acquired through experience. For eg: learning through conducting experiments practically.

Situated knowledge: it is knowledge embedded in. Eg: To walk, speak

# data[].attributes.body
Accuracy, falsifiablity, provability, reputation, authority, their ".com" or ".org" or ".gov" tag and release date

# data[].attributes.body
1. Is the truth what the majority of people accept?
Ans:

Absolute truth (there is one truth in the world)

Two different notions

Facts: contingent truths (consensus) (later can change)

Truths: [truth value: calling a statement true or false]

1. correspondence (a statement is said to be a true statement if it corresponds to reality (true or false))

2. coherence theory (consistent with existing beliefs or truths. Truth value. Some facts from the past. Use existing facts.)

3. Pragmatic Theory

# data[].attributes.body
Belief: I believe that we're all good human beings
Knowledge: Cats have 4 legs
Opinion: Art and music are the best relaxers

# data[].attributes.body
Technology can be considered any man-made object or tool that was created, using the scientific knowledge of humans, in order to make a certain task easier. The telescope and microscope can be considered an extension of our senses but only when we are using the device since it was an object that was invented for the purpose of increasing the range of our sight when it is in use.

Examples of technology:
water bottle
shoes
clothes
chainsaw
gun
pen
watch
phone
laptop

# data[].attributes.body
I believe that technologies such as the microscope and telescope are not just extensions to the human senses, but they do introduce radically new ways of seeing the world. I say this because maybe in the literal sense they might be extensions of our senses, however, their scientific implications spread far beyond anything dependent on our senses. The research that takes place as a result of both of these technological innovations reveals a world far beyond our immediate senses.  We have discovered entire "new" worlds within our own as a result of them.

# data[].attributes.body
Technology:

What is technology?
The branch of knowledge dealing with engineering and application of scientific knowledge.

Examples:
Bluetooth
Pacemakers
Memory Prosthesis
Fake arms and legs
Hearing aids

# data[].attributes.body
The use of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems making life easier.
mobile phones
laptops
robots
bluetooth devices
watches
pacemakers
prosthetics
electric toothbrush
dishwasher
television

# data[].attributes.body
Technology- The invention of a thing that is purposed towards slighly improving a larger problem.
Examples -
1. A new medical procedure (laparoscopic surgery)
2. Intubation
3. in vitro fertilization
4. Projectors
5. The 'SMAP' sattilite

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is the applications of scientific knowledge in real life which aims to aid human life. For example:
- Automobile
- Computers
- Phones
- Artificial intelligence
- Pacemakers

# data[].attributes.body
technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment.
example: cell phones, television.

# data[].attributes.body
Technologies are objects  created through the use of the logical application of knowledge and utilised to accomplish useful tasks.
Examples :-
Internet.
Cell phones.

Computers.
Artificial intelligence.
Software.
Audio and visual technology.

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is the invention of tools/objects to facilitate life.

ex.
1. Cars
2. Phones
3. Glasses
4. Clock/watch
5. Computers
6. Fans
7. Network
8. Washing machines
9. Heater
10. AC

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is the application of our scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
Examples
-Phones
-Iternet
-Bluetooth
-Laptops
-Television

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is the application of scientific study for practical uses
1) fan
2)computers
3)phones
4)clothes
5)production(manufacturing)
6)lights
7)spectacles
8)cars
9)robots
10)Appliances

# data[].attributes.body
Technologies are artifacts made through a systematic application of knowledge and used to reach practical goals. They are widely used in medicine, science, industry, communication, transportation, and daily life.

Examples:

Watches
Smartphones
Tubelights

# data[].attributes.body
Technology is something we created out of found resources to aid us in processes or improve daily living. Is often non-living and runs on power.

phone
engines (digital)
motorized vehicles
internet
production lines
clocks
wearable devices
engines (physical)
software
network

# data[].attributes.body
Technology has helped greatly in the spread of knowledge through tools such as the internet and mobile phones, advancements in technology had helped transfer knowledge from one location to another within seconds allowing more people to have access to it.

Technology has allowed us easy access to knowledge due to the internet which allows us to acquire knowledge easily and efficiently.

# data[].attributes.body
What is technology?: Equipment we use to help us understand concepts or do tasks which an average human being would take a long time to complete or would consider menial. Used in industries to save money. It is usually used for entertainment purposes in this century. Technology helps with the sharing of information, entertainment, jokes and many other things, while being able to be used for use in economics

1. Phones
2. Laptops
3. Ipads
4. Robots
5. Robo-Hand
6. Label pasting machine
7. Mass production conveyor belt
8. Airport conveyor belt
9. Apple Pencil
10. Airpods

# data[].attributes.body
Technology- artifacts made through a systematic application of knowledge and used to reach practical goals

Examples:
Television
Phone
Bluetooth
Cars
Washing machines
Laptops
Computers
Network
Software Machines

# data[].attributes.body
What is technology and its examples?
ANS) Technology is the application of scientific knowledge in creation of something advance which would help the humans make their lives easier. Examples of technology would be mobile phones, laptops and etc.

# data[].attributes.body
-Knowledge- One believes in something based on concrete proof and evidence.
Ex- a rainbow is formed through a process called refraction.

-Belief- One believes that something is true because of their personal experiences and the environment they live in without any evidence.
Ex- one believes that rainbow is an omen of luck

-Opinion- One can have their own perspective on something without any proof or evidence. Ex- One loves a rainbow because it's colourful

# data[].attributes.body
Is the truth what majority of people accept?

No, of course not. There is objective truth and subjective truth. Due to their being many ideas which are not proven in the world and knowledge being heavily effected by bias, subjective truth comes into play. A truth which is derived from what one believes in and holds true to themselves. There is of course objective truth which majority of people do accept and has been proven through logic. Objective truth could be 1+1=2 and subjective truth could be the existence of God.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Check the domain of the website, more educational sites are in .org or .gov format with trusted sources.
2. Check if there are any citations towards the bottom, this means that this site is adapted from another site which can help gather more information but also tells the information is false.
3. Check the date of publishing of the website, the more recent the better.

# data[].attributes.body
The Allegory of the cave is a very different concept which discusses the whole idea around human nature. Whether it's the people inside who stick to their beliefs without having actually seen the outside world and only noticing shadows or the fact that this allegory even occurs. The man who goes outside is a being which has obtained enlightenment but due to his beliefs being inbelievable to the cave dwelling men, is one who's shunned and not respected by his friends. It shows the importance of education and obtaining knowledge towards being part of a more intellectual society and therefore proves to be a very deep idea which has lots of room for interpretation.

# data[].attributes.body
Confirmation Bias : If we believe that shorter players can dribble better than longer ones in basketball, then in real life we might be tempted to pick a shorter player over a longer player while choosing a team even though the longer player might be a better ball handler than the shorter one.

Dunning Kruger Effect : The Dunning Kruger Effect is a cognitive bias whereby people with limited knowledge or competence in a given intellectual or social domain greatly overestimate their own knowledge or competence in that domain. This can happen in a MMA fight where the fighter can believe that he is better than his opponent regardless of how skilled his opponent really is.

Racial Bias : Racial bias is basically biases towards a particular race. One might believe that a particular race is better than another one in a particular field which might incorrect in real life.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Author
2) Domains
3) Sources
4) Date

# data[].attributes.body
To what extent do we need evidence to support our beliefs in different areas of knowledge?

I believe we do need evidence to support our beliefs in different areas of knowledge.  According to  Bertrand Russell, "It is not what the man of science

believes that distinguishes him, but how and why he believes it. His beliefs are

based on evidence, not on authority or intuition." We always have to prove something with proper evidence because there will always be someone who will oppose and question our beliefs.  Evidence is something that paves the path to

proof. This proof can be further used to strengthen a belief that we hold; this can

then be considered a personal truth, a fact, a law, an axiom, a theorem, or

whichever other word describes our evidence.  We do not accept beliefs to be true unless strong evidence is provided.

# data[].attributes.body
Is the truth what the majority of people accept?

No, I don't agree with that. In my opinion I believe most people accept the ideas that are most congruent with their own world view/ideals. It doesn’t feel good to be wrong so a ‘bitter truth’ can be difficult to accept because the truth doesn’t care about your feelings, religious affiliations or whatever. Some people can accept a lie, something false to hide the truth because they are scared. The truth is something that can cause fear to people because sometimes it's as simple as they don't like the ideas that are being brought up and they collide with their inner values and morals/their inner truth.

# data[].attributes.body
KC: Change
Belief: I believe in god
Opinion: Manchester city is the best football team in the world.

# data[].attributes.body
Confirmation Bias - A person who believes that aliens exist is more likely to believe articles that are in line with their belief rather than articles that are against their belief.
In-group Bias - You are more likely to believe what your friend (someone from your in-group) said rather than something some other person said.
Hindsight Bias - You might insist that you knew the outcome of an event before it even happened.

# data[].attributes.body
1.) Check the three letters at the end of the site's domain name (edu, gov, com, org).
2.) Look at the source, credibility as well as the date it was published.
3.) Ensure the site has https (hyper text transfer protocol) with a lock sign next to it.
4.) Use the CRAAP method: Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy and Purpose.

# data[].attributes.body
1.) No because most people accept the ideas that they believe are true regardless of whether or not it really is. People are inclined to base their knowledge on their own world views rather than what the facts say. For example; in plato's 'Allegory of the cave' one of the prisoners managed to see the real world rather than only the shadows on the wall and when he told the other prisoners about what the reality is, they couldn't accept it since they would only believe things based on their world view. In short, ignorance blinds people from seeing the truth and stubbornness prevents them from accepting it.

# data[].attributes.body
Personal knowledge - knowledge that you acquire yourself through primary or secondary resources.
Shared knowledge - Knowledge that you acquire because a trusted individual like an expert gives it to you.
Procedural Knowledge - procedural knowledge is when knowledge in one area helps you in a different area