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A darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.

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35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge.

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One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens" (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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Gelatin Silver Process is a suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper.

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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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Museums of History NSW is changing the way our past is understood and our future will be experienced.

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A person who displays works of art or other items of interest at an exhibition.

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A room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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A building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line
may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or
abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to
height and width.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses
volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a
sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free
flowing.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the
lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway
between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are
defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value,
and intensity.
• Hue: name of color
• Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value
changes when white or black is added)
• Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high
intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity=
color is faint and dull)

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look
as if they might feel if touched.

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Balance is a composition technique that arranges elements within the frame to achieve equal visual weight across the image.

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Pattern in Photography is a regularity within a scene.

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Variety is about varying elements and objects in your image, to avoid making them boring.

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Proportion in photography is usually comparing size of objects, or the amount of one thing to the whole.

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Movement in photography simply refers to elements of a photo that are moving (or appear to be moving).

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Unity is a principle of visual design in photography that involves the repetition of certain elements in an image to make it visually pleasing.

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Emphasis draws viewers into your image and holds them there long enough to tell your story.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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a balanced and proportionate similarity that is found in two halves of an object.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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Abstraction in its main sense is a conceptual process wherein general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal signifiers, first principles, or other methods.

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while cool colors include green, blue, and violet.

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Warm colors include red, orange, and yellow

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Neutral tones are the color of sand, water, or fog

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Complementary colors—that is, colors opposite one another on the color wheel

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Monochrome photography is any photography that utilizes differing amounts of light instead of different colors to capture and represent images.

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Gradients, also known as color transitions, are a gradual blending from one color to another color

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A “constructive critique” is a critique which is constructive– it informs the photographer how to improve.

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plagiarism is the act of putting one's own name to another person's work and that can be writings, ideas or visual media.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. Objective: (of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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Leading lines are a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image,

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The photograph is divided into nine rectangles along two horizontal and vertical lines according to the golden ratio

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It emphasizes not just the subject, but the empty space around the subject.

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail. Negative space is just the opposite

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Backlight in photography involves positioning the main light source for a photograph behind the primary subject.

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Ambient light is any light a photographer or cinematographer did not bring to the shoot.

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Ambient light is any light a photographer or cinematographer did not bring to the shoot.

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darker backgrounds but also high contrast between highlights and shadows with harmonious saturated tones.

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A silhouette is a solid, dark image of a subject against a brighter background. Silhouette pictures usually show the subject in profile.

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Diptychs are a set of two photos you can use to tell a story and emphasize contrast. Or you can create one composition using two entirely different images. The word itself comes from ancient Greek.

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The “f” in f-stop stands for the focal length of the lens. While focal length itself refers to the field of view of a lens, f-stop is about how much light you allow to hit the sensor via the aperture opening.

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light". Differences in lens aberrations and aperture shape cause very different bokeh effects.

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The depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera.

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The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light.

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A photographic triptych is a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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An orthophoto, orthophotograph, orthoimage or orthoimagery is an aerial photograph or satellite imagery geometrically corrected ("orthorectified") such that the scale is uniform: the photo or image follows a given map projection.

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Barrel distortion is created by the curved shape of the lens. Because the lens is curved, the centre of the photo is magnified slightly more than the edges. That makes straight lines appear to curve around the edge of the image. The wider the lens, the more extreme the optical distortion.

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Pincushion distortion is where straight lines bend or “pinch” inward from the center of the image. Usually pincushion distortion happens at the telephoto end (ie. 200mm) of a zoom lens such as a 70-200mm lens. It can actually be great for portraits because it can make people look thinner than they are!

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black.

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Any photo that uses shadows as a prominent part of the composition — to enhance the contrast of a subject or as the subject itself — is shadow photography.

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A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo.

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Technically speaking, sepia toning is a chemical process that converts the metallic silver in the emulsion of a photographic print into a silver sulfide compound.

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1. PSD (Photoshop Document) This is the main file format for Photoshop. ...

2. Jpg- (Joint Photographic Experts Group) ...

3. gif (Graphics Interchange Format) ...

4. png 8 (Portable Network Graphics) ...

5. png 24 (Portable Network Graphics)

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RAW files contain uncompressed and unprocessed image data,

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PNG is short for Portable Network Graphic, a type of raster image file. It's particularly popular file type with web designers because it can handle graphics with transparent or semi-transparent backgrounds.

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It's a standard image format for containing lossy and compressed image data.

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, HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo. Put another way — it's a measure of the light intensities from the highlights to the shadows.

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In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other.

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A triadic color scheme uses three colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel. For example, the three primary colors form a triadic color scheme: red, yellow, and blue.

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The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise are coveted by professional photographers.

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Macro photography is extreme close-up photography, usually of very small subjects and living organisms like insects, in which the size of the subject in the photograph is greater than life size.

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In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2. 8 to f1. 2.

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Telephoto photography is a type of photography that brings distant subjects closer with the use of long focal lengths.

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A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image. Fisheye lenses achieve extremely wide angles of view, well beyond any rectilinear lens.