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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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a small round building with a rotating angled mirror at the apex of the roof, projecting an image of the landscape on to a horizontal surface inside.

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he standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography. As such, films and printing papers available for analog photography rarely rely on any other chemical process to record an image.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photography studio is a workspace specifically designed and built for the purpose of taking photographs. I

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract. Shape An element

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

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What is balance in photography? Balance is a composition technique that arranges elements within the frame to achieve equal visual weight across the image.  

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Variety is the principle of art that adds interest to an artwork. Variety works through juxtaposition and contrast. When an artist places different visual elements next to one another, he/she is using variety. Straight lines next to curvy lines add variety.

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Pattern in Photography is a regularity within a scene. It's elements of the scene that repeat themselves in a predictable way. Pattern can be found everywhere and is commonly seen within shapes, colours or textures.

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A classic proportion wheel (aka proportion scale) is used by graphic designers to resize an image to fit within a target width (or height). The general idea is to translate a given width/height so the image doesn't get distorted, thereby maintaining the same aspect ratio.

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MOVEMENT is the path the viewer's eye takes through a work of art. Movement can be directed along lines, edges, shapes and color. RHYTHM is created when one or more elements are used repeatedly to create a feeling of movement. Rhythm creates a mood like music or dancing.

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Harmony is very closely related to unity and is, in a way, a kind of unity. Harmony is like a state of being, achieved when the elements of a composition are unifed with one another in some way, but these elements also complement each other's unique attributes.

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A method used to attract attention in an Artwork to create a focal point. A focal point draws your attention to the most important element(s) on the page. Emphasis by Contrast. Uses the differences between things to make something stand out.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. For this reason, cool colors typically make a space seem larger.

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The phrase warm color is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming.

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Neutral colors are muted shades that appear to lack color but often have underlying hues that change with different lighting. Examples of neutral colors include beige, taupe, gray, cream, brown, black, and white.

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a color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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Monochrome colors are all the varieties of a single hue - the tints, shades, and tones. A monochromatic color scheme will range between lighter and darker versions of the base color or hue.

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An image gradient is a directional change in the intensity or color in an image. The gradient of the image is one of the fundamental building blocks in image processing.

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A “constructive critique” is a critique which is constructive– it informs the photographer how to improve.

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Plagiarism includes more than just "coping and pasting". Any time you use content that is not your own, you need to give credit to the original creator using citations. This doesn't just include text; you need to cite images, figures, ideas, and more.

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When we talk about photography ethics, we are talking about applying concepts like responsibility, power, and dignity to how we we take and share photographs. Everyone will answer ethical questions in their own way, based on their own life experience, personal judgments, and photographic vision.

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The archaeological or scientific photography used to capture clearly the subject matter. Other examples of objective photography is medical or forensic photography, photographic identity photography, architectural photography. Subjective photography. Subjective photography is the creative or artistic process.

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Trademarks protect brands from imitations. Copyrights protect creative works from copying.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open. While there are other forms of composition, the rule of thirds generally leads to compelling and well-composed shots.

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“Leading lines are a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image,”

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The photograph is divided into nine rectangles along two horizontal and vertical lines according to the golden ratio. This is commonly known as a phi grid. The image is then composed with important elements along the lines and at their intersections.

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Negative space photography is related to minimalist photography. It emphasizes not just the subject, but the empty space around the subject. The viewer's eyes may be drawn to a central figure, but they can't help noticing the large section of emptiness that surrounds and defines that figure.

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Simply put, positive space is the actual subject while negative space (also called white space) is the area surrounding the subject. The latter acts as breathing room for your eyes. Too little negative space results in cluttered and busy photographs with every element in the photo screaming for the viewer's attention.

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illuminate from behind.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused.

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Ambient lighting is essentially indirect lighting. A soft light that is reflected off the ceiling. It reduces the shadows on people's faces and fills the room with equal brightness,

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Chiaroscuro is a high-contrast lighting technique that uses a key light to achieve dark backgrounds with starkly lit subjects.

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? A silhouette is a solid, dark image of a subject against a brighter background. Silhouette pictures usually show the subject in profile.

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a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book.

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a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.

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a method of projection in which an object is depicted or a surface mapped using parallel lines to project its shape onto a plane.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel).

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a small cushion into which pins are stuck for convenient storage.

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion. These light-sensitive silver halides change into pure metallic silver when exposed to light, which is how an image is captured on film.

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Just like with sound, where noise refers to auditory disruptions, in photography, the term digital noise refers to visual distortion. Noise looks like tiny colored pixels or specks in your photograph, and sometimes resembles the grain that you may see in film photography.

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1. the time for which a shutter is open at a given setting.

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Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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Both a tripod and monopod are accessories designed to support a camera — where the two differ are the legs. A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support that has one leg (that's the “mono”).

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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In optics, the f-number of an optical system such as a camera lens is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil.

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What is aperture in photography? Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes.

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“the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light.”

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is the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be "acceptably sharp" in an image.

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Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements

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Time-lapse photography is used to capture change or movement that occurs over a long period time. In order to capture how a plant grows or a glacier moves, a photographer sets up a camera in a fixed location and takes a single picture at regular time intervals.

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Light painting is a photographic technique where light is “painted” or “drawn” into the photograph using a hand held light source during a long exposure.

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Panning photography freezes objects in motion in a still frame. Explore ways to pan your camera, what shutter speed to use, and other ways to add action to your shots.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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By definition 18% gray is the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject. When the background is brighter than the subject due to reasons like back lighting, this metering mode is particularly useful. It is useful for back-lit shots or tiny subjects.

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Centre-weighted Average metering is like using Evaluative metering with a centre AF point. It places greater emphasis on the centre area while also taking meter reading across the entire frame.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

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A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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an outstanding part of an event or period of time.

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a small illustration or portrait photograph which fades into its background without a definite border.

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a brownish tone imparted to a photograph, esp an early one such as a calotype.

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Autofocus (AF) points are what you use to determine where the camera will be focusing the image.

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enclose (words or figures) in brackets.

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The exposure meter indicates the level of light reaching the sensor. Too much light results in over exposure which gives you a photo that is too light and lacking detail. Too little light results in under exposure which gives you a photo that is too dark and again, lacking detail.

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Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure. It lets you take control of your image's brightness by manually increasing or decreasing exposure.

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White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo.

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displays a visual representation of your workspaces

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1. (in a program with a graphical user interface) a strip of icons used to perform certain functions.

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a thin board or slab on which an artist lays and mixes colors.

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Menu in a program

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Find a tool and their settings

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cut (something, especially a person's hair) very short.

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1. the ratio of the width to the height of an image or screen.

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the quality of being determined or resolute.

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DPI refers to the number of printed dots contained within one inch of an image printed by a printer. PPI refers to the number of pixels contained within one inch of an image displayed on a computer monitor.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.