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The programmed auto mode of your camera automatically adjusts shutter speed and aperture, based on a built-in program. This is often a useful mode, if you want to shoot snapshots or if you're dealing with tough lighting, and you'd like the camera to choose some of the exposure settings for you.

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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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a small-format photographic film used in single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs), film cameras, rangefinders, and disposable cameras

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a camera fitted with two lenses optically corrected to make them identical in their application.

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a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.

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a monochrome imaging process based on the light sensitivity of silver halides.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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workspace specifically designed and built for the purpose of taking photographs.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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Line is a point that continues; it implies motion.

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Shape photography is the two-dimensional appearance of objects as your camera captures them.

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Color photography is photography that uses media capable of capturing and reproducing colors

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Form refers to when shape takes on three dimensions. Form is created by shadows and highlights on an object in the photograph

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Astrophotography, also known as astronomical imaging, is the photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events, or areas of the night sky.

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Value in photography describes the range of light in your image. Altering the light in a photo is how you create contrast.

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What Is Texture in Photography? In photography, texture is the visual depiction of variations in the color, shape, and depth of an object's surface.

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Balance is a composition technique that arranges elements within the frame to achieve equal visual weight across the image.

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Variety is the principle of art that adds interest to an artwork

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Repetition in photography means using repeating shapes or a repetitive pattern inside the frame as part of the composition

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Rhythm in photography refers to the way in which the eyes look at an image.

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A photograph with perfect unity or harmony is one that is so well presented, where no part of it feels out of place or unnecessary.

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Emphasis draws viewers into your image and holds them there long enough to tell your story. It adds visual weight to your main subject and tells viewers what to focus on.

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a form of symmetrical balance where elements within an image radiate outwards from a central point.

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“the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.”

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When a photo is asymmetrical, it has unequal visual weight on either side.

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involves combining two or more elements in the same picture, highlighting the interesting contrast between them, to create an eye-catching and thought-provoking image.

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images created using photography materials and equipment that don't have an immediate association with the physical world

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the dominant colors are the warm colors, e.g. red, yellow, and orange. These colors are considered dominant because they reach our eyes before the cooler colors. The cooler colors are the receding colors, e.g. blue, green and purple.

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In photography, the dominant colors are the warm colors, e.g. red, yellow, and orange. These colors are considered dominant because they reach our eyes before the cooler colors.

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Neutral colors are muted shades that appear to lack color but often have underlying hues that change with different lighting.

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is, colors opposite one another on the color wheel—can be used very effectively in visual art, including photography. When juxtaposed, complementary colors make each seem brighter and more vivid, creating a powerful visual effect

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monochromatic photography is about using only one color in your photos. That color should convey mood or atmosphere. Black and white photography is a well-known example of monochromatic photography.

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a directional change in the intensity or color in an image. The gradient of the image is one of the fundamental building blocks in image processing.

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A “constructive critique” is a critique which is constructive– it informs the photographer how to improve.Mar 17, 2018

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Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites. Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. Objective: (of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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A trademark represents your brand or product. Names, logos, and slogans are common trademarks. A copyright, on the other hand, protects a work of authorship, including books, paintings, and even computer code

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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Leading lines are a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image,

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The photograph is divided into nine rectangles along two horizontal and vertical lines according to the golden ratio.

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Negative space photography is related to minimalist photography. It emphasizes not just the subject, but the empty space around the subject

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail.

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a controlled technique of lighting, used in photography or the theater, in which a light is placed behind or at right angles to an object, person, or scene to produce such effects as depth or separation of subject and background.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused. Light from behind a lampshade is diffused compared to the direct light of a bare bulb. The lampshade softens and scatters the light.

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Ambient lighting is essentially indirect lighting. A soft light that is reflected off the ceiling. It reduces the shadows on people's faces and fills the room with equal brightness, opening up the architecture and drawing people in. Ambient light may be produced in a number of ways.

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an effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.

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the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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A diptych is any object with two flat plates which form a pair, often attached by hinge.

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A triptych is a group of 3 separate images displayed together. But crucially, the 3 images are more than just 3 photographs set out next to each other - they work together to create something more than that

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An orthographic projection is a way of representing a 3D object by using several 2D views of the object. Orthographic drawings are also known as multiviews. The most commonly used views are top, front, and right side.

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Barrel distortion is created by the curved shape of the lens. Because the lens is curved, the centre of the photo is magnified slightly more than the edges. That makes straight lines appear to curve around the edge of the image. The wider the lens, the more extreme the optical distortion.

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What Is Pincushion Distortion? Pincushion distortion produces the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion. These light-sensitive silver halides change into pure metallic silver when exposed to light, which is how an image is captured on film. So, grain is an inherent part of a film image.

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the image sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera.

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16.

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The “f” in f-stop stands for the focal length of the lens. While focal length itself refers to the field of view of a lens, f-stop is about how much light you allow to hit the sensor via the aperture opening.

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The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power

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The depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera

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n photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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Program mode is marked by 'P' on your camera's mode dial and is one of the Creative Zone modes, though one with the least control over your exposure settings. In program mode the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture.

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“Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls

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Shutter priority, also called time value, refers to a setting on cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure

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One of those modes is aperture priority. With it, the photographer selects a specific aperture value and the camera autoselects the proper shutter speed based on how much light it detects.

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In photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light when taking a photograph.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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In photography, motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect.

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Both a tripod and monopod are accessories designed to support a camera — where the two differ are the legs. A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support that has one leg (that's the “mono”).

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Camera shake occurs when your shutter speed is slow enough that it will not freeze your natural body shaking (breathing, muscular tension, etc.). This article will look at the many ways you can bypass this when shooting handheld in low light.

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Long exposure photography is the name given to the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time. The resulting image captures the trail of moving objects in front of the camera, while showing still elements razor sharp.

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Time-lapse photography is a cinematography technique in which a photographer will take a series of still images of the same frame at regular intervals over a period of time, then play through the entire sequence rapidly.

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Light painting is a photographic technique where light is “painted” or “drawn” into the photograph using a hand held light source during a long exposure.

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Panning photography freezes objects in motion in a still frame. Explore ways to pan your camera, what shutter speed to use, and other ways to add action to your shots.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline. With the face properly exposed, the area around the back and hairline will become over-exposed.

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Partial Metering is a camera-metering mode in which the metering is weighted at the center of the viewfinder (unlike center-weighted in which the camera averages the exposure based on the reading at the center).

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Center-weighted Metering evaluates the light in the middle of the frame and its surroundings and ignores the corners. Compared to Matrix Metering, Center-weighted Metering does not look at the focus point you select and only evaluates the middle area of the image

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This means that the exposure can be affected by areas that are particularly bright or dark, meaning the subject becomes over or under exposed as a result. The calculations used can vary greatly from manufacturer to manufacturer and even from camera model to model

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18% gray is the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white.

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A shadow is the result of the relationship between the subject's location and the direction of the light source. With front light, the shadow falls behind the subject. When side lit, it appears on the opposite side that's lit.

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midtone (plural midtones) (photography, art) A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black. That range is key to an image's depth and drama. If a photo has poor dynamic range, the image can appear flat or gray.

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo.

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Technically speaking, sepia toning is a chemical process that converts the metallic silver in the emulsion of a photographic print into a silver sulfide compound. This changes the color of the resulting image and makes the photo more resistant to environmental pollutants. This helps photos hold up over time.

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The word Crop can be defined as “to trim” or “cut back”. The Crop tool in most image processing programs is used to trim off the outside edges of a digital image. Cropping can be used to make an image smaller (in pixels) and/or to change the aspect ration (length to width) of the image.

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Aspect ratio in photography and video is the relationship between the width and height of the image or video being displayed. Aspect ratios are most commonly shown as units of width and height separated by a colon.

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Image resolution is the detail an image holds. The term applies to digital images, film images, and other types of images.

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PPI describes the resolution in pixels of a digital image whereas DPI describes the amount of ink dots on a printed image. Though PPI largely refers to screen display, it also affects the print size of your design and thus the quality of the output.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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Technically speaking, focus bracketing is the act of capturing photos with different points of focus. Whereas focus stacking is the act of blending those images together into a single composite.

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In photography, exposure value (EV) is a number that represents a combination of a camera's shutter speed and f-number, such that all combinations that yield the same exposure have the same EV (for any fixed scene luminance)

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Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure

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White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo.

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The three most common image file formats in photography are JPEG, TIFF, and different RAW files. Of course, you will want to keep your photographs as high-res as possible, so I suggest TIFF files for printing.