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In Germany in 1935, the German government limited the rights of Jewish people, including the right to work.

Adolf Hitler, the leader of the nazis created these laws, who came on effect on September 15 1935, The first law took the citizenship of jewish people, and they are now no longer considered citizens.

They were not allowed to get married to non jewish people.

The Nuremberg Laws were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party.

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15th September 1935: Nazi Germany introduces the discriminatory 'Nuremberg Laws'

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Josef’s family needed to go where their father was.

Josef, Ruth and their mom got on a train and sat in the area labeled “J” for “Jews.”

Jew were not allowed to go to school, so Ruth could not start Kindergarten.

Josef remembered a time in class when his teacher pointed him out and showed “how to tell a real German from a Jew.”

Josef wondered if he took off his armband if anyone would really notice that he was a Jew?

He took off his armband and bought something from the concession stand. The man was being really nice to him and talking to him. Josef’s armband fell out of his pocket.

Josef’s friend Klaus had become a Hitler Youth- the uniform turned them into monsters.

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Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn national railway system under the control of Nazi Germany and its allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps

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Josef, his sister, mom and dad are running away from The Germans (Nazis) and they are now on the ms Saint Louis.

They ran away because they were scared of getting killed.

Josef also celebrates his bar mitzvah in this ship.

Captain offered a tour of the engine room and the bridge.

The kids pass a room where the men are singing the unofficial song of Germany-to get rid of all Jewish people.

This made Josef and the others feel uneasy.

After a while, the ship started to slow down, with this happening Josef's father started to freak out. Josef explained to him that the boat was slowing down because there was a funeral, Josef did not want to tell him this information but he had to tell him to calm him down.

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The MS St. Louis was a diesel-powered passenger ship properly referred to with the prefix MS or MV, built by the Bremer Vulkan shipyards in Bremen for HAPAG, better known in English as the Hamburg America Line. The ship was named after the city of St. Louis, Missouri

It was launched on August 2, 1928

The MS St. Louis traversed the Atlantic – from Europe to North America and back – carrying more than 900 passengers, most of them Jewish refugees seeking a haven from Nazi persecution.

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Josef saw Renata and Evelyn’s father had come on the ship from Cuba.

The girls left the boat with their father and the surrounding passengers were very angry- why could they leave but not them.

As passengers surrounded Officer Padron they heard the ship’s engine starting.

People rushed to the ladder and demanded to be left off the ship.

The police raised their weapons toward the people.

Captain Schroeder came by, not in uniform, and explained he tried to get the President to Bru to agree to let the passengers off the boat.

The President has ordered the ship to leave and Captain Schroeder said he will cruise the ship around and find a way to let the people off. He will appeal to President Roosevelt.

As the ship moved on, Josef knew his father was alive, but it didn’t matter because he was dead to his family now.

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Josef celebrates his 13 birthday or his bar mitzvah on the st louis because it was to celebrate him becoming to a grown men thats shows maturity and oldness.

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The Saint Louis, was a passenger ship for jewsih ship for jewish refugges. The founder of the Ms. Saint louis is the company called bremer Vulkan. The Saint Louis sailed Jewish refugees to hamburg, German to havana, Cuba after keistallnacht and jews were not treated right. This coneects to the book refugee since to the book refugee since josed was on the Ms. Saint Louis.