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Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection with four different stages. You can get syphilis through contact with doorknobs, hot tubs, bath tubs, swimming pools, and sharing clothing. If you are sexually active you are at risk of getting syphilis if you do not use protection such as condoms. Condoms prevent contact with open sores.

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Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is a spirochaete bacterium and only transmitted among humans.

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In the primary stage of syphilis, painless chancre sores are usually formed near the vagina or anus. The sores are easy to miss but heal regardless if the person receives treatment. In the secondary stage of syphilis, skin rashes and mucous membranes are present. A patient in the secondary stage may also experience fever, hair loss, weight loss, and muscle aches. In the latent stage of syphilis, there are no visible signs of infection. The latent phase can last for years. In the tertiary phase of syphilis, symptoms can be fatal. Tertiary Syphilis can affect the brain, eyes, heart, and liver. The tertiary phase is usually around ten to thirty years after the person become infected.

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Syphilis can also have an effect on pregnant women and their babies. Syphilis can cause stillbirth in some cases. Babies born with syphilis may not show signs of infection but it is crucial for it to be treated as soon as possible.

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Neurosyphilis can cause dementia, meningitis, seizures, and hallucinations. Syphilis progresses into neurosyphilis when untreated for a long period of time.

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Penicillin is used to treat syphilis. Treatment will prevent the infection from progressing and it is best to treat as soon as possible. A few alternatives to penicillin are doxycycline, tetracycline, and ceftriaxone.