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Nucleosynthesis is when new atomic nuclei get produced from older existing ones. This happens when protons collide and create bigger nuclei, while releasing energy as a byproduct. The most frequent use of nucleosynthesis is in nuclear fusion.

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Nuclear fusion is when protons collide and release energy.

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The Hertzsprung-Russel diagram plots the temperature of a star compared to its luminosity. The position of the star on the graph displays what stage in the star's life cycle it is at.

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The temperature is on the X axis measured in kelvins, and the luminosity is on the Y axis measured in lumins.

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Most stars are found in the main sequence in the middle of the graph and stay there for the majority of their lives.

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This is a short 7 minute video explaining the HR Diagram and how astronomers use it to classify stars.

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Classification of Stars: Spectral Analysis and the H-R Diagram

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When nucleosynthesis happens in the supernovas, it forms heavy elements like uranium, gold, lead, and iron. When iron forms in the star, it is so stable that it makes nucleosynthesis stop and the star collapses. Then, it turns into a black hole.

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This is a 4 minute long video briefly explaining what happens when protons collide during Nucleosynthesis, and what reactions it causes.

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Stellar Nucleosynthesis Explained in 4 Minutes